Prática de Shadowing: Johann Hari on addiction - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong.
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The idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story, comes partly from a series of experiments that were done earlier in the 20th century.
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You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles.
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One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.
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The rat will almost always prefer the drugged water and almost always kill itself quite quickly.
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In the 70s, Bruce Alexander, professor of psychology in Vancouver, comes along and he looks at this experiment and he noticed something.
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Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
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It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.
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Let's try something a bit different.
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So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called Rat Park, which is basically heaven for rats, right?
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They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls, they've got loads of tunnels.
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Crucially, they've got loads of friends, they can have loads of sex, and they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.
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But here's the fascinating thing.
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In Rat Park, they don't like the drugged water.
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They almost never use it.
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None of them ever use it compulsively.
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None of them ever overdose.
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You go from almost 100% overdose when they're isolated to 0% overdose when they have happy and connected lives.
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What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
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What if addiction is about your cage?
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What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?
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This has really significant implications.
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The most obvious implications are for the war on drugs, right?
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We punish addicts, we shame them, we give them criminal records, we put barriers between them reconnecting.
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Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite, and I went there to see how it worked.
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In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.
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So one day, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition got together, set up a panel of scientists and doctors to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.
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And they came back and they said, decriminalize all drugs, from cannabis to crack.
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But, and this is the crucial next step, take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,
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on disconnecting them, and spend it instead on reconnecting them with the society.
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But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do, massive program of job creation for addicts and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.
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And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal, it's fascinating, what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose, they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society,
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and the results are in.
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Injecting drug use is down in Portugal, according to the British Journal of Criminology, by 50 percent.
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Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts, addiction in every study is significantly down.
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We talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery, and it's right to talk about that.
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But we need to talk much more about social recovery.
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We created a society where, for a lot of us, life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage and a whole lot less like Rat Park.
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What I try to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently and I can't tell you it's easy, is to say to the addicts in my life that I want to deepen the connection with them,
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to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not, And if you need me, I'll come and sit with you,
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because I love you and I don't want you to be alone or to feel alone."
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And I think the core of that message, you're not alone, we love you, has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,
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socially, politically and individually, because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.
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The opposite of addiction is connection.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Johann Hari on addiction”. As palavras que mais se repetem: addiction, addicts, rat, cage, loads. Este vídeo tem 44 frases e 684 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:32. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 193 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 82% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| addiction substantivo | /əˈdɪkˌʃən/ | vício, adicção |
| addict substantivo | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | viciado, adicto |
| cage substantivo | /keɪd͡ʒ/ | gaiola, jaula |
| overdose substantivo | /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/ | overdose, superdose |
| fascinate verbo | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | fascinar |
| rediscover verbo | redescobrir, reencontrar | |
| isolate verbo | /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ | isolar |
| compulsively advérbio | compulsivamente | |
| decriminalize verbo | /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/ | descriminar, descriminalizar |
| deepen verbo | /ˈdiːpən/ | aprofundar |
| disconnect verbo | /dɪskəˈnɛkt/ | desconectar |
| inject verbo | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ | injetar |
| microloan substantivo | microempréstimo | |
| sobriety substantivo | /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/ | sobriedade, austeridade |
| heroine substantivo | /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ | heroína |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| set up verbo | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | preparar |
| come back verbo | voltar | |
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir | |
| get together verbo | reunir |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
- Let's try something a bit different.
- What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
- What if addiction is about your cage?
- What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 17 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they've, you're, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/, sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, reconnect /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/, isolate /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/, disconnect /dɪskəˈnɛkt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como addiction, addict, cage.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.