쉐도잉 연습: Steve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech 2005 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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1
Thank you.
감사합니다.
2
I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.
오늘 세계 최고 수준의 대학 중 하나인 이곳의 졸업식에 함께하게 되어 영광입니다.
3
Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
솔직히 말해서 저는 대학을 졸업한 적이 없습니다. 그리고 오늘이 제가 대학 졸업식에 가장 가까이 다가간 순간입니다.
4
Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life.
오늘 제 인생에서 있었던 세 가지 이야기를 여러분에게 들려드리고자 합니다.
5
That's it.
그게 전부예요.
6
No big deal.
별일 아니야.
7
Just three stories.
그냥 3층짜리예요.
8
The first story is about connecting the dots.
첫 번째 이야기는 점들을 연결하는 것에 관한 이야기입니다.
9
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months,
저는 리드 칼리지에 입학한 지 6개월 만에 자퇴했습니다.
10
but then stayed around as a drop -in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
하지만 정말 그만두기 전까지 약 18개월 정도는 그냥 드롭인으로 남아 있었어요.
11
So why'd I drop out?
그럼 내가 왜 자퇴했는지 알아?
12
It started before I was born.
그건 내가 태어나기 전부터 시작됐어요.
13
My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.
제 생물학적 어머니는 젊은 미혼 대학원생이었고, 저를 입양 보내기로 결정했습니다.
14
She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates,
그녀는 내가 대학 졸업자들에게 입양되어야 한다고 매우 강하게 믿었다.
15
so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
그래서 제가 태어나자마자 변호사 부부에게 입양될 모든 준비가 되어 있었습니다.
16
Except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
내가 태어났을 때, 부모님은 막판에 정말 딸을 원했다는 결정을 내렸다는 것만 빼고 말이야.
17
So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, asking, we've got an unexpected baby boy.
대기자 명단에 올라 있던 부모님은 한밤중에 전화를 받았는데, 예상치 못한 남자 아기가 생겼다는 연락이었습니다.
18
Do you want him?
그 사람 원해요?
19
They said, of course.
당연히 그렇다고 했어요.
20
My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college
제 친어머니는 나중에 제 어머니가 대학을 졸업한 적이 없다는 사실을 알게 되었습니다.
21
and that my father had never graduated from high school.
그리고 제 아버지는 고등학교를 졸업한 적이 없었다는 사실도요.
22
She refused to sign the final adoption papers.
그녀는 최종 입양 서류에 서명하기를 거부했습니다.
23
She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
그녀는 몇 달 뒤 부모님이 내가 대학에 가게 될 것이라고 약속하자 마침내 마음을 풀었다.
24
This was the start in my life.
이것이 내 인생의 시작이었다.
25
And 17 years later, I did go to college.
그리고 17년 후, 나는 정말 대학에 갔다.
26
But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford.
하지만 저는 순진하게도 스탠포드 대학과 거의 비슷하게 비싼 대학을 선택했습니다.
27
And all of my working class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.
그리고 노동자 계급이셨던 부모님의 저축은 모두 내 대학 등록금으로 쓰이고 있었습니다.
28
After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
6개월 후에는 그것의 가치를 더 이상 알 수 없게 되었습니다.
29
I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
나는 내 인생에서 무엇을 하고 싶은지 전혀 몰랐고, 대학이 그걸 알아내는 데 어떻게 도움이 될지도 전혀 몰랐다.
30
And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.
31
So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay.
32
It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
33
The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me
34
and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
35
It wasn't all romantic.
36
I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms.
37
I returned Coke bottles for the five -cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday
38
night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
39
I loved it.
40
And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
41
Let me give you one example.
42
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
43
Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand -calligraphed.
44
Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
45
I learned about serif and sans -serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.
46
It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
47
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
48
But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me.
49
And we designed it all into the Mac.
50
It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
51
If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
52
And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
53
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class,
54
and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
55
Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.
56
But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.
57
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.
58
You can only connect them looking backwards.
59
So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
60
You have to trust in something.
61
Your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.
62
Because believing that the dots will connect down the road...
63
will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well -worn path, and that will make all the difference.
64
My second story is about love and loss.
65
I was lucky.
66
I found what I loved to do early in life.
67
Waz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20.
68
We worked hard, and in 10 years,
69
Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4 ,000 employees.
70
We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned 30.
71
And then I got fired.
72
How can you get fired from a company you started?
73
Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me.
74
And for the first year or so, things went well.
75
But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.
76
When we did, our board of directors sided with him.
77
And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out.
78
What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
79
I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
80
I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
81
I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
82
I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.
83
But something slowly began to dawn on me.
84
I still loved what I did.
85
The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
86
I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
87
And so I decided to start over.
88
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
89
The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.
90
It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
91
During the next five years, I started a company named Next,
92
another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
93
Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
94
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple,
95
and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
96
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
97
It was awful -tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
98
Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick.
99
Don't lose faith.
100
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.
101
You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers.
102
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,
103
and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work,
104
and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
105
If you haven't found it yet, keep looking and don't settle.
106
As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
107
And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
108
So keep looking.
109
Don't settle.
110
My third story is about death.
111
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like, if you live each day as if it was your last,
112
someday you'll most certainly be right.
113
It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself,
114
if today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?
115
And whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
116
Remembering
117
that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
118
Because almost everything, all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure, these things just fall away in the face of death,
119
leaving only what is truly important.
120
Remembering
121
that you are going to die is the best way
122
I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
123
You are already naked.
124
There is no reason not to follow your heart.
125
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.
126
I had a scan at 7 .30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
127
I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
128
The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer
129
that is incurable and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
130
My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
131
It means to try and tell your kids everything.
132
you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.
133
It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
134
It means to say your goodbyes.
135
I live with that diagnosis all day.
136
Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines,
137
put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
138
I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope,
139
the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
140
I had the surgery, and thankfully, I'm fine now.
141
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.
142
Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than
143
when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.
144
No one wants to die.
145
Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
146
And yet, death is the destination we all share.
147
No one has ever escaped it.
148
And that is as it should be because death is very likely the single best invention of life.
149
It's life's change agent.
150
It clears out the old to make way for the new.
151
Right now, the new is you.
152
But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
153
Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.
154
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
155
Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking.
156
Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
157
And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
158
They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
159
Everything else is secondary.
160
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the Bibles of my generation.
161
It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand, not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
162
This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.
163
It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along.
164
It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
165
Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then, when it had run its course,
166
they put out a final issue.
167
It was the mid -1970s, and I was your age.
168
On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road,
169
the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
170
Beneath it were the words, stay hungry, stay foolish.
171
It was their farewell message as they signed off.
172
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
173
And I have always wished that for myself.
174
And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
175
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
176
Thank you all very much.
177
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Steve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech 2005”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 177개와 단어 2262개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 14:19입니다. 화자는 분당 약 158단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| connect 동사 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 잇다, 연결하다 |
| hungry 형용사 | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | 배고프다, 굶주리다 |
| foolish 형용사 | /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/ | 어리석다, 둔하다 |
| trap 명사 | /tɹæp/ | 덫, 올가미 |
| biological 형용사 | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | 생물학의 |
| garage 명사 | /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/ | 차고 |
| adopt 동사 | /əˈdɑpt/ | 입양하다 |
| adoption 명사 | /əˈdɑp.ʃən/ | 입양 |
| someday 부사 | 언젠가 | |
| tumor 명사 | /tuː.məɹ/ | 종양 |
| intuition 명사 | /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/ | 직관, 직감 |
| meal 명사 | /ˈmiːl/ | 끼니, 밥 |
| practical 형용사 | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | 실질적인 |
| mirror 명사 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | 거울 |
| publication 명사 | /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ | 출판, 간행 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| look back 동사 | 돌아보다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- So why'd I drop out?
- Do you want him?
- How can you get fired from a company you started?
- I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
- I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | be told · was born · should be adopted |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | I've ever gotten · haven't found · have looked |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | someone who I · woman who would · order, which is |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, didn't, I'm 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 36번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, beneath /bɪˈniːθ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/, garage /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/, adoption /əˈdɑp.ʃən/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/, awful /ˈɔːfʊl/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, affair /əˈfɛɹ/, photograph /ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: convince /kənˈvɪns/, lover /ˈlʌvɚ/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, deposit /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, connect, hungry, foolish 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.