쉐도잉 연습: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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In 2019, the World Health Organization estimated that there are about 1 billion migrants in the world, nearly 1 in 8 people.

This means that more than ever before, we live in societies made out of many cultures, and this diversity can be a beautiful thing.

In Australia, Harmony Day is celebrated on the 21st of March each year, and aims to grow inclusiveness, respect, and a sense of belonging for everyone.

But the very fact that this course needs to be fought for, implies that it's not something everyone naturally does.

Cultures can have very fundamental differences and this can lead to stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.

I spoke in a previous video lesson about how stereotypes can be understood using the tri-component model of attitudes.

You can probably see how it can be applied to the way cultural groups perceive each other.

It's not difficult for prejudice to occur and how individuals might think

or feel about people in another group and this can lead to discrimination in their behavior.

However, some factors make prejudice more likely to happen.

For example, a cultural insensitivity or lack of awareness.

There are often cultural reasons why a person may choose not to eat a certain food or work on a certain day.

But if someone else didn't know that, they might assume that the person was being unnecessarily fussy or lazy.

Different cultures may also have different approaches to completing tasks or making decisions.

For example, in indigenous Australian culture, big decisions are only made after a majority has been reached in the clan.

This can be frustrating for someone who doesn't understand this cultural norm

and perhaps comes from a more individualistic culture where everyone makes their own decisions.

And finally differences in verbal and nonverbal communication styles can also result in potential conflict.

All this conflict and frustration that can arise due to these factors may result in the formation of stereotypes, which in turn may develop into prejudice.

When it comes to issues of cultural diversity, this prejudice may be expressed as xenophobia, ethnocentrism, and racism.

Let's look at each of those.

Xenophobia can be described as the fear of or strong animosity towards people of different races or cultural backgrounds.

For some people, this is a default position.

They're often really just afraid of the impact

that the foreign cultural ideals might have on the status quo in the majority culture.

However, this ends up leading to an immediate distrust of any culture apart from their own.

Ethnocentrism is another expression of this.

The belief that your own ethnicity or culture is superior to all the others.

This can be used to justify excluding other cultures into society or wanting to stop immigrants altogether.

And finally, racism, which are negative emotions or actions towards someone simply based on their race.

It's similar to ethnocentrism in that there's the belief that one's own race is the most superior. In 2018, a manager at Starbucks in the United States called the police

on two African American men in her store who were waiting for their friend to arrive for a meeting.

She will later argue that they hadn't bought anything and were just sitting in the store, But the two men ended up getting arrested by the police and removed, although they ended up not being charged with anything.

There were other customers who filmed the event and told the media that they had not bought anything either, but had not been asked to leave.

Even if there were various factors at play, one of them was almost definitely the race of the two men.

The woman might argue that she wasn't trying to be a racist, but racism can be expressed in different ways.

Again, from a previous lesson, we saw that the attitudes that people hold can be explicit or implicit, visible or unseen.

Explicit racism is easy to spot and unfortunately still very present in our world today.

It's blatant discrimination against a group of people based solely on their race.

Examples of explicit racism include the actions of hate groups such as neo-nazis and white nationalists, racial slurs or derogatory terms,

or when people openly talk negatively about particular cultural groups.

Political parties can also express racist policies and openly attack certain cultures.

But implicit racism is harder to detect because it's often unconscious or concealed.

However, it still ends up impacting the judgments and decisions that people make towards people from different cultures or ethnic groups.

The Starbucks manager may have acted the way she did out of implicit racism.

Other examples include police pulling drivers over due to the color of their skin, people mistrusting those who look different from them,

juries being more likely to pronounce the suspect as guilty based on their race, and more.

A month after the incident, Starbucks closed all 8,000 of the US stores for four hours to conduct training specifically aimed at reducing implicit racism

and indeed implicit bias of any kind.

Stores in Canada followed suit not long after.

But was that enough?

Many experts suggest that racism is embedded far deeper than a single workshop can reveal.

A continued effort must be made if we're to address racism, both explicit and implicit, as one of the main challenges that cultural diversity presents.

Is it possible for Harmony Day to be every day?

We may not know, but it's definitely worth trying.

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이 영상에서 배울 영어 회화 실력

이 영상은 문화 다양성에 관한 논술적인 발화를 연습할 수 있는 좋은 기회입니다. 복잡한 주제를 명확히 전달하는 능력과 예시를 통해 논점을 강화하는 기술, 전문 용어(예: xenophobia, ethnocentrism)를 자연스럽게 사용하는 방법을 배울 수 있습니다. 특히 shadow speech 연습에 적합하며, 논리적인 흐름을 따라가면서 발음과 리듬을 동시에 연습할 수 있습니다.

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영상에서 자주 등장하는 연결 발음과 축약형을 주의깊게 들어보세요. 예를 들어 "there are"는 /ðɛr ɑːr/가 아니라 /ðɛrər/로 연결되며, "it's not"은 /ɪts nɑːt/가 아니라 /ɪts nɑːt/ (축약 없이 발음되지만, 빠른 말속에서 /ɪts nət/로 들릴 수도 있습니다). 또한 "implicit racism"에서 "implicit"의 /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ 발음은 끝 부분이 약화되어 /ɪmˈplɪsət/로 들릴 수 있습니다. 이러한 연결과 축약을 파악하면 영상 영어 공부에서 실제 듣기 능력이 크게 향상됩니다.

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원어민의 리듬과 강세를 따라하려면 논점을 강조하는 단어에 중점을 둡니다. 예를 들어 "Cultures can have very fundamental differences"에서 "very fundamental"에 강세를 주어 차이의 중요성을 강조합니다. 또한 "However, this ends up leading to an immediate distrust"에서 "immediate distrust"를 높은 톤으로 발음하여 대조를 강조합니다. Shadow speech를 할 때는 이러한 강세 패턴을 정확히 따라가고, 문장 사이의 잠시 멈춤(패우즈)도 모방하세요. 이렇게 연습하면 영어 발음 교정뿐만 아니라 자연스러운 말하기 리듬을 익힐 수 있습니다.

강세 단어: "diversity", "stereotypes", "prejudice", "implicit racism"
리듬 패턴: 긴 문장에서 콤마 뒤에 약간의 멈춤을 두고, 예시를 제시할 때는 "For example" 다음에 살짝 느리게 발음하여 청취자가 이해할 시간을 줍니다.

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화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is celebrated · be fought · can be understood
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	someone who doesn · racism, which are · those who look

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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