쉐도잉 연습: How Culture affects your Personality - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Personality is more than just genes.

A large part of who we are and the decisions

that we make are influenced by the culture that we grew up in.

So where does this influence start?

Think all the way back to when you learned manners.

You were probably scolded for engaging in behavior that was considered rude in your culture.

Conversely, you were probably encouraged to engage in behaviors that are considered to be polite.

Now, as you were conditioned to engage in more polite behaviors, you subconsciously picked up on patterns that influenced how you behave.

These patterns are highly influenced by the values of the culture that you grew up in.

But, not all cultures hold the same values.

Some cultures tend to encourage behaviors that are loud, boisterous, and competitive.

Others encourage quiet, respectful, and more humble behaviors.

Depending on the culture where you live, you probably pick up on these values, and they have definitely influenced your decisions and your personality.

Researchers have been studying the connections between culture and personality for a long time, and in this video, I'm going to attempt to explain two spectrums that researchers have created to define cultures.

The cultures place on these spectrums highly influences the personality traits and the behaviors of the people within that culture.

So culture is not determined by borders.

As you'll see throughout the rest of this video, people learn lessons from cultures that are created from people within a certain country, occupation, class, gender identity, or other differences.

For example, just because the country you live in has an individualist culture does not mean you are bound by individualist ideas.

So keep this in mind throughout the rest of the video.

Let's get started by talking about individual versus collectivist culture.

Individualism focuses on the individual, just as the name implies.

People living in an individualist environment prioritize self-improvement of themselves

and satisfying their own needs before the rest of those of their community.

Why?

Well, individualist cultures believe and teach that if everyone takes care of themselves, then the entire group should thrive and then become self-sufficient.

Individualist cultures put a lot of stress on independence and self-reliance.

Those that live in this type of culture tend to be very self-sufficient and driven workers, but are weaker whenever it comes to collaboration and teamwork.

They usually struggle handing off responsibility.

Now in general, these people usually distance themselves psychologically and emotionally from one another, since working with others is more of an option than a requirement for success.

In the media, we often see individualist characteristics associated with men, people in urban settings, and the western culture.

So what about collectivist cultures?

People living in a collectivist environment are taught to focus on

the needs of the group before they focus on their own individual needs.

They associate their identity to the role and function in a larger group.

These groups can include families, teams at work, or the entire nation.

Collectivist societies teach people that everyone will benefit when they start to look out for one another.

Harmony and interdependence between group members is highly valued among people in this type of environment.

Now, unlike their individualist counterparts, members of collectivist cultures tend to be extremely close to each other psychologically and emotionally.

Now, this can create an us versus them mindset that separates or looks down upon people that are outside of their group.

Collectivist characteristics are generally associated with women, people in rural settings, and eastern culture.

So let's look at another spectrum.

Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?

This idea was coined in 1935 to help psychologists identify what makes some conflicts easy to resolve and others difficult to resolve.

Where you lie on this spectrum can highly influence how you make decisions.

So what is approach vs avoidance?

Humans typically want to approach and move towards pleasurable things, and they typically want to avoid and move away from negative or painful things.

It's very similar to Freud's pleasure-pain principle.

The idea of approach vs avoidance was measured when an experiment was conducted on rats in 1948.

The rats were exposed to different positive and negative stimuli.

then measure the strength of their pull towards the stimuli.

The most interesting results from this experiment reveal

that the closer the rats were to the item that they were either approaching or avoiding, the stronger their pull was in either direction.

Now this can be applied to humans and how they make their decisions and categorize conflict.

But what does it have to do with the culture where you grew up with?

Cause that's kinda the topic of this video, right?

The culture helps to teach you at a young age what to approach and what to avoid.

Culture doesn't teach you to avoid physical pain and approach food.

Those things are instinctual to all humans.

The things we learn to approach and avoid through culture appeal to a higher need.

One example of this is something called uncertainty avoidance.

The uncertainty avoidance of a culture is a measure of how that culture responds to novelty and uncertainty.

How does a culture deal with ambiguity?

Are changes welcome in the nation?

Or does the culture approach stable, traditional rules and customs?

Now in some research I've found that countries who generally score high in neuroticism tend to be high in uncertainty avoidance.

Most countries usually have a more formal system of rules that try to minimize cultural or situational ambiguity.

And the citizens are uninterested in changing them.

These cultures tend to be more conservative, more emotional, and usually xenophobic.

Families in these cultures tend to have more traditional gender roles too.

Schools have more structured learning, and children are taught to trust

that their Teachers have all of the answers children are also taught that the outside world may be a hostile place

Religions associated with the uncertainty avoidance include Catholicism Islam Judaism and Shinto ism

Conversely countries low in neuroticism and low

and uncertainty avoidance tend to have fewer laws and regulations

And their citizens are much more interested in politics These cultures are often more open to change

and more tolerant of diversity and people within these cultures tend to suppress their emotions more.

Families in these cultures usually have looser gender roles and their schools have a more open-minded learning.

As a generality, teachers are allowed to say that they don't know and students are encouraged to question authority.

Children are also taught that the outside world is benevolent and that they should not persecute others based on their beliefs.

Religions associated with low uncertainty avoidance include Protestantism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism.

So where do you fit in?

Uncertainty avoidance is just one concept that is influenced by a culture's personality

and how it influences the decisions and behaviors of the people within that culture.

What were you taught to avoid?

What were you taught to approach?

And how does the culture where you grew up in influence what you consider to be comfortable and uncomfortable?

I hope you guys enjoyed this video and if you did, feel free to watch some of the other videos in this personality series.

And if you want to learn more about your own personality, check out my free 3-in-1 personality quiz in the description below.

What it does is it combines three of the major personality

quizzes into just one test you can take in under 10 minutes.

And at the end of it, I'm gonna try to predict some things about you, like your political stances, your relationship style, and also your health.

I put a lot of work into it, so I hope you guys enjoy it.

Thanks for watching, and I hope to see you in the next video.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How Culture affects your Personality”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: culture, avoidance, personality, approach, uncertainty. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 93개와 단어 1311개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:22입니다. 화자는 분당 약 206단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요. 전체 93문장 중 14문장이 질문이어서 의문문 억양과 짧은 대답을 연습하기에 좋습니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
uncertainty 명사	/ʌnˈsɜːtənti/	불확실
rat 명사	/ɹæt/	쥐
ambiguity 명사	/æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/	애매모호
quiz 명사	/kwɪz/	퀴즈
researcher 명사	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	연구원, 연구자
polite 형용사	/pəˈlaɪt/	공손하다
characteristic 명사	/ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/	특성, 특징
resolve 동사	/ɹɪˈzɑlv/	해결하다
benevolent 형용사	/bəˈnɛvələnt/	자애롭다, 상냥하다
boisterous 형용사	/ˈbɔɪstəɹəs/	떠들썩하다
individualism 명사	/ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/	개인주의
persecute 동사	/ˈpɝsəkjut/	핍박하다
teamwork 명사		팀워크
novelty 명사	/ˈnɑvəlti/	신기함
trait 명사	/tɹeɪt/	특징

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
What were you taught to avoid?
What were you taught to approach?

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are influenced · were probably scolded · were probably encouraged
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have definitely influenced · have created · I've found

주의할 발음

화자는 I'm, doesn't, don't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 8번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: xenophobic /ˌzi.nəˈfoʊ.bɪk/, respectful /ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: avoidance /əˈvɔɪdəns/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, benevolent /bəˈnɛvələnt/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: quiz /kwɪz/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, uncertainty, rat, ambiguity 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: How Culture affects your Personality - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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