Pratique du Shadowing: How Culture affects your Personality - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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93 phrases
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Personality is more than just genes.
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A large part of who we are and the decisions
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that we make are influenced by the culture that we grew up in.
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So where does this influence start?
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Think all the way back to when you learned manners.
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You were probably scolded for engaging in behavior that was considered rude in your culture.
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Conversely, you were probably encouraged to engage in behaviors that are considered to be polite.
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Now, as you were conditioned to engage in more polite behaviors, you subconsciously picked up on patterns that influenced how you behave.
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These patterns are highly influenced by the values of the culture that you grew up in.
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But, not all cultures hold the same values.
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Some cultures tend to encourage behaviors that are loud, boisterous, and competitive.
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Others encourage quiet, respectful, and more humble behaviors.
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Depending on the culture where you live, you probably pick up on these values, and they have definitely influenced your decisions and your personality.
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Researchers have been studying the connections between culture and personality for a long time, and in this video, I'm going to attempt to explain two spectrums that researchers have created to define cultures.
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The cultures place on these spectrums highly influences the personality traits and the behaviors of the people within that culture.
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So culture is not determined by borders.
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As you'll see throughout the rest of this video, people learn lessons from cultures that are created from people within a certain country, occupation, class, gender identity, or other differences.
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For example, just because the country you live in has an individualist culture does not mean you are bound by individualist ideas.
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So keep this in mind throughout the rest of the video.
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Let's get started by talking about individual versus collectivist culture.
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Individualism focuses on the individual, just as the name implies.
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People living in an individualist environment prioritize self-improvement of themselves
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and satisfying their own needs before the rest of those of their community.
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Why?
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Well, individualist cultures believe and teach that if everyone takes care of themselves, then the entire group should thrive and then become self-sufficient.
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Individualist cultures put a lot of stress on independence and self-reliance.
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Those that live in this type of culture tend to be very self-sufficient and driven workers, but are weaker whenever it comes to collaboration and teamwork.
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They usually struggle handing off responsibility.
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Now in general, these people usually distance themselves psychologically and emotionally from one another, since working with others is more of an option than a requirement for success.
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In the media, we often see individualist characteristics associated with men, people in urban settings, and the western culture.
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So what about collectivist cultures?
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People living in a collectivist environment are taught to focus on
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the needs of the group before they focus on their own individual needs.
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They associate their identity to the role and function in a larger group.
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These groups can include families, teams at work, or the entire nation.
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Collectivist societies teach people that everyone will benefit when they start to look out for one another.
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Harmony and interdependence between group members is highly valued among people in this type of environment.
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Now, unlike their individualist counterparts, members of collectivist cultures tend to be extremely close to each other psychologically and emotionally.
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Now, this can create an us versus them mindset that separates or looks down upon people that are outside of their group.
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Collectivist characteristics are generally associated with women, people in rural settings, and eastern culture.
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So let's look at another spectrum.
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Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
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This idea was coined in 1935 to help psychologists identify what makes some conflicts easy to resolve and others difficult to resolve.
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Where you lie on this spectrum can highly influence how you make decisions.
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So what is approach vs avoidance?
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Humans typically want to approach and move towards pleasurable things, and they typically want to avoid and move away from negative or painful things.
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It's very similar to Freud's pleasure-pain principle.
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The idea of approach vs avoidance was measured when an experiment was conducted on rats in 1948.
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The rats were exposed to different positive and negative stimuli.
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then measure the strength of their pull towards the stimuli.
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The most interesting results from this experiment reveal
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that the closer the rats were to the item that they were either approaching or avoiding, the stronger their pull was in either direction.
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Now this can be applied to humans and how they make their decisions and categorize conflict.
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But what does it have to do with the culture where you grew up with?
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Cause that's kinda the topic of this video, right?
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The culture helps to teach you at a young age what to approach and what to avoid.
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Culture doesn't teach you to avoid physical pain and approach food.
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Those things are instinctual to all humans.
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The things we learn to approach and avoid through culture appeal to a higher need.
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One example of this is something called uncertainty avoidance.
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The uncertainty avoidance of a culture is a measure of how that culture responds to novelty and uncertainty.
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How does a culture deal with ambiguity?
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Are changes welcome in the nation?
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Or does the culture approach stable, traditional rules and customs?
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Now in some research I've found that countries who generally score high in neuroticism tend to be high in uncertainty avoidance.
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Most countries usually have a more formal system of rules that try to minimize cultural or situational ambiguity.
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And the citizens are uninterested in changing them.
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These cultures tend to be more conservative, more emotional, and usually xenophobic.
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Families in these cultures tend to have more traditional gender roles too.
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Schools have more structured learning, and children are taught to trust
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that their Teachers have all of the answers children are also taught that the outside world may be a hostile place
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Religions associated with the uncertainty avoidance include Catholicism Islam Judaism and Shinto ism
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Conversely countries low in neuroticism and low
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and uncertainty avoidance tend to have fewer laws and regulations
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And their citizens are much more interested in politics These cultures are often more open to change
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and more tolerant of diversity and people within these cultures tend to suppress their emotions more.
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Families in these cultures usually have looser gender roles and their schools have a more open-minded learning.
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As a generality, teachers are allowed to say that they don't know and students are encouraged to question authority.
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Children are also taught that the outside world is benevolent and that they should not persecute others based on their beliefs.
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Religions associated with low uncertainty avoidance include Protestantism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism.
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So where do you fit in?
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Uncertainty avoidance is just one concept that is influenced by a culture's personality
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and how it influences the decisions and behaviors of the people within that culture.
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What were you taught to avoid?
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What were you taught to approach?
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And how does the culture where you grew up in influence what you consider to be comfortable and uncomfortable?
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I hope you guys enjoyed this video and if you did, feel free to watch some of the other videos in this personality series.
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And if you want to learn more about your own personality, check out my free 3-in-1 personality quiz in the description below.
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What it does is it combines three of the major personality
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quizzes into just one test you can take in under 10 minutes.
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And at the end of it, I'm gonna try to predict some things about you, like your political stances, your relationship style, and also your health.
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I put a lot of work into it, so I hope you guys enjoy it.
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Thanks for watching, and I hope to see you in the next video.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How Culture affects your Personality ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : culture, avoidance, personality, approach, uncertainty. Cette vidéo contient 93 phrases et 1311 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:22. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 206 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 14 de ses 93 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| avoidance nom | /əˈvɔɪdəns/ | évitement |
| uncertainty nom | /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/ | incertitude |
| individualist nom | individualiste | |
| collectivist adjectif | /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/ | collectiviste |
| rat nom | /ɹæt/ | rat, souris |
| ambiguity nom | /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ | ambiguïté |
| psychologically adverbe | psychologiquement | |
| conversely adverbe | /kənˈvɝsli/ | à l'inverse, inversement |
| stimulus nom | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | stimulus |
| quiz nom | /kwɪz/ | quiz |
| researcher nom | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | chercheur, chercheuse |
| polite adjectif | /pəˈlaɪt/ | poli |
| characteristic nom | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | caractéristique |
| resolve verbe | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | résoudre |
| benevolent adjectif | /bəˈnɛvələnt/ | bienveillant |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| check out verbe | mater, regarder |
| hand off verbe | passer, transférer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
- What were you taught to avoid?
- What were you taught to approach?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are influenced · were probably scolded · were probably encouraged |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have definitely influenced · have created · I've found |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 8 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, doesn't, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: behave /bɪˈheɪv/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/, humble /ˈhʌmbəl/, harmony /ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, generality /ˌd͡ʒɛn.əˈɹæl.ɪ.ti/, individualism /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/, instinctual /ɪnˈstɪŋk.t͡ʃuː.əl/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: rat /ɹæt/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, boisterous /ˈbɔɪstəɹəs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme avoidance, uncertainty, individualist.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.