تدريب Shadowing: How Culture affects your Personality - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
اختر وضع التدريب
كل وضع يفتح غرفة تدريب بملء الشاشة.
93 جمل
إذا كانت الجمل قصيرة أو طويلة جدًا، انقر على Edit لتعديلها.
1
Personality is more than just genes.
2
A large part of who we are and the decisions
3
that we make are influenced by the culture that we grew up in.
4
So where does this influence start?
5
Think all the way back to when you learned manners.
6
You were probably scolded for engaging in behavior that was considered rude in your culture.
7
Conversely, you were probably encouraged to engage in behaviors that are considered to be polite.
8
Now, as you were conditioned to engage in more polite behaviors, you subconsciously picked up on patterns that influenced how you behave.
9
These patterns are highly influenced by the values of the culture that you grew up in.
10
But, not all cultures hold the same values.
11
Some cultures tend to encourage behaviors that are loud, boisterous, and competitive.
12
Others encourage quiet, respectful, and more humble behaviors.
13
Depending on the culture where you live, you probably pick up on these values, and they have definitely influenced your decisions and your personality.
14
Researchers have been studying the connections between culture and personality for a long time, and in this video, I'm going to attempt to explain two spectrums that researchers have created to define cultures.
15
The cultures place on these spectrums highly influences the personality traits and the behaviors of the people within that culture.
16
So culture is not determined by borders.
17
As you'll see throughout the rest of this video, people learn lessons from cultures that are created from people within a certain country, occupation, class, gender identity, or other differences.
18
For example, just because the country you live in has an individualist culture does not mean you are bound by individualist ideas.
19
So keep this in mind throughout the rest of the video.
20
Let's get started by talking about individual versus collectivist culture.
21
Individualism focuses on the individual, just as the name implies.
22
People living in an individualist environment prioritize self-improvement of themselves
23
and satisfying their own needs before the rest of those of their community.
24
Why?
25
Well, individualist cultures believe and teach that if everyone takes care of themselves, then the entire group should thrive and then become self-sufficient.
26
Individualist cultures put a lot of stress on independence and self-reliance.
27
Those that live in this type of culture tend to be very self-sufficient and driven workers, but are weaker whenever it comes to collaboration and teamwork.
28
They usually struggle handing off responsibility.
29
Now in general, these people usually distance themselves psychologically and emotionally from one another, since working with others is more of an option than a requirement for success.
30
In the media, we often see individualist characteristics associated with men, people in urban settings, and the western culture.
31
So what about collectivist cultures?
32
People living in a collectivist environment are taught to focus on
33
the needs of the group before they focus on their own individual needs.
34
They associate their identity to the role and function in a larger group.
35
These groups can include families, teams at work, or the entire nation.
36
Collectivist societies teach people that everyone will benefit when they start to look out for one another.
37
Harmony and interdependence between group members is highly valued among people in this type of environment.
38
Now, unlike their individualist counterparts, members of collectivist cultures tend to be extremely close to each other psychologically and emotionally.
39
Now, this can create an us versus them mindset that separates or looks down upon people that are outside of their group.
40
Collectivist characteristics are generally associated with women, people in rural settings, and eastern culture.
41
So let's look at another spectrum.
42
Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
43
This idea was coined in 1935 to help psychologists identify what makes some conflicts easy to resolve and others difficult to resolve.
44
Where you lie on this spectrum can highly influence how you make decisions.
45
So what is approach vs avoidance?
46
Humans typically want to approach and move towards pleasurable things, and they typically want to avoid and move away from negative or painful things.
47
It's very similar to Freud's pleasure-pain principle.
48
The idea of approach vs avoidance was measured when an experiment was conducted on rats in 1948.
49
The rats were exposed to different positive and negative stimuli.
50
then measure the strength of their pull towards the stimuli.
51
The most interesting results from this experiment reveal
52
that the closer the rats were to the item that they were either approaching or avoiding, the stronger their pull was in either direction.
53
Now this can be applied to humans and how they make their decisions and categorize conflict.
54
But what does it have to do with the culture where you grew up with?
55
Cause that's kinda the topic of this video, right?
56
The culture helps to teach you at a young age what to approach and what to avoid.
57
Culture doesn't teach you to avoid physical pain and approach food.
58
Those things are instinctual to all humans.
59
The things we learn to approach and avoid through culture appeal to a higher need.
60
One example of this is something called uncertainty avoidance.
61
The uncertainty avoidance of a culture is a measure of how that culture responds to novelty and uncertainty.
62
How does a culture deal with ambiguity?
63
Are changes welcome in the nation?
64
Or does the culture approach stable, traditional rules and customs?
65
Now in some research I've found that countries who generally score high in neuroticism tend to be high in uncertainty avoidance.
66
Most countries usually have a more formal system of rules that try to minimize cultural or situational ambiguity.
67
And the citizens are uninterested in changing them.
68
These cultures tend to be more conservative, more emotional, and usually xenophobic.
69
Families in these cultures tend to have more traditional gender roles too.
70
Schools have more structured learning, and children are taught to trust
71
that their Teachers have all of the answers children are also taught that the outside world may be a hostile place
72
Religions associated with the uncertainty avoidance include Catholicism Islam Judaism and Shinto ism
73
Conversely countries low in neuroticism and low
74
and uncertainty avoidance tend to have fewer laws and regulations
75
And their citizens are much more interested in politics These cultures are often more open to change
76
and more tolerant of diversity and people within these cultures tend to suppress their emotions more.
77
Families in these cultures usually have looser gender roles and their schools have a more open-minded learning.
78
As a generality, teachers are allowed to say that they don't know and students are encouraged to question authority.
79
Children are also taught that the outside world is benevolent and that they should not persecute others based on their beliefs.
80
Religions associated with low uncertainty avoidance include Protestantism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism.
81
So where do you fit in?
82
Uncertainty avoidance is just one concept that is influenced by a culture's personality
83
and how it influences the decisions and behaviors of the people within that culture.
84
What were you taught to avoid?
85
What were you taught to approach?
86
And how does the culture where you grew up in influence what you consider to be comfortable and uncomfortable?
87
I hope you guys enjoyed this video and if you did, feel free to watch some of the other videos in this personality series.
88
And if you want to learn more about your own personality, check out my free 3-in-1 personality quiz in the description below.
89
What it does is it combines three of the major personality
90
quizzes into just one test you can take in under 10 minutes.
91
And at the end of it, I'm gonna try to predict some things about you, like your political stances, your relationship style, and also your health.
92
I put a lot of work into it, so I hope you guys enjoy it.
93
Thanks for watching, and I hope to see you in the next video.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
نفس القناة
FOR YOU
فيديو موصى به
C12
539 جمل
How to Talk About Personality in English | Deep English Conversation & Shadowing Practice | B1–C1
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
54 جمل
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
55 جمل
Your genes affect your education. Here’s why that’s controversial. | Kathryn Paige Harden
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
20 جمل
Global Success 12: Unit 2 - The effects of globalisation on cultural diversity
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C115
65 جمل
How Your Childhood Influence The Way You Express Love (love styles)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
386 جمل
All of Human Psychology Explained in 20 Minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
170 جمل
How Understanding Culture Will Transform Your English & Life | English Listening Practice
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
583 جمل
Game Theory #1: The Dating Game
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
156 جمل
No one has personality anymore
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
91 جمل
7 Signs You Might Be Less Intelligent Than You Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
93 جمل
Some brains are built for philosophy. Is yours?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
200 جمل
The Psychology of People Who Always Listen to Sad Music
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “How Culture affects your Personality”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: culture, avoidance, personality, approach, uncertainty. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 93 جملة و1311 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:22. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 206 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 83% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء. 14 من أصل 93 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| avoidance اسم | /əˈvɔɪdəns/ | تَجَنُّب |
| rat اسم | /ɹæt/ | جُرَذ, فَأْر |
| ambiguity اسم | /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ | اِلْتِبَاس, إِبْهَام |
| quiz اسم | /kwɪz/ | اِخْتِبَار |
| researcher اسم | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | بَاحِث, بَاحِثَة |
| polite صفة | /pəˈlaɪt/ | أَدِيب, مُؤَدَّب |
| characteristic اسم | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | صِفَة |
| resolve فعل | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | حَلَّ |
| benevolent صفة | /bəˈnɛvələnt/ | خَيِّر |
| individualism اسم | /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/ | فردانية |
| persecute فعل | /ˈpɝsəkjut/ | اِضْطَهَدَ |
| situational صفة | /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/ | ظَرْفِيّ |
| trait اسم | /tɹeɪt/ | صِفَة, شِيْمَة |
| respectful صفة | /ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/ | مُحْتَرَم |
| thrive فعل | /θɹajv/ | ظَهَرَ |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
- What were you taught to avoid?
- What were you taught to approach?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | are influenced · were probably scolded · were probably encouraged |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | have definitely influenced · have created · I've found |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 8 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, doesn't, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: polite /pəˈlaɪt/, persecute /ˈpɝsəkjut/, pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/, suppress /səˈpɹɛs/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: avoidance /əˈvɔɪdəns/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, benevolent /bəˈnɛvələnt/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: avoidance /əˈvɔɪdəns/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/, quiz /kwɪz/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل avoidance, rat, ambiguity.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.