Shadowing Practice: How Culture affects your Personality - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Personality is more than just genes.
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A large part of who we are and the decisions
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that we make are influenced by the culture that we grew up in.
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So where does this influence start?
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Think all the way back to when you learned manners.
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You were probably scolded for engaging in behavior that was considered rude in your culture.
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Conversely, you were probably encouraged to engage in behaviors that are considered to be polite.
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Now, as you were conditioned to engage in more polite behaviors, you subconsciously picked up on patterns that influenced how you behave.
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These patterns are highly influenced by the values of the culture that you grew up in.
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But, not all cultures hold the same values.
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Some cultures tend to encourage behaviors that are loud, boisterous, and competitive.
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Others encourage quiet, respectful, and more humble behaviors.
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Depending on the culture where you live, you probably pick up on these values, and they have definitely influenced your decisions and your personality.
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Researchers have been studying the connections between culture and personality for a long time, and in this video, I'm going to attempt to explain two spectrums that researchers have created to define cultures.
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The cultures place on these spectrums highly influences the personality traits and the behaviors of the people within that culture.
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So culture is not determined by borders.
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As you'll see throughout the rest of this video, people learn lessons from cultures that are created from people within a certain country, occupation, class, gender identity, or other differences.
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For example, just because the country you live in has an individualist culture does not mean you are bound by individualist ideas.
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So keep this in mind throughout the rest of the video.
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Let's get started by talking about individual versus collectivist culture.
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Individualism focuses on the individual, just as the name implies.
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People living in an individualist environment prioritize self-improvement of themselves
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and satisfying their own needs before the rest of those of their community.
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Why?
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Well, individualist cultures believe and teach that if everyone takes care of themselves, then the entire group should thrive and then become self-sufficient.
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Individualist cultures put a lot of stress on independence and self-reliance.
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Those that live in this type of culture tend to be very self-sufficient and driven workers, but are weaker whenever it comes to collaboration and teamwork.
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They usually struggle handing off responsibility.
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Now in general, these people usually distance themselves psychologically and emotionally from one another, since working with others is more of an option than a requirement for success.
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In the media, we often see individualist characteristics associated with men, people in urban settings, and the western culture.
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So what about collectivist cultures?
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People living in a collectivist environment are taught to focus on
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the needs of the group before they focus on their own individual needs.
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They associate their identity to the role and function in a larger group.
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These groups can include families, teams at work, or the entire nation.
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Collectivist societies teach people that everyone will benefit when they start to look out for one another.
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Harmony and interdependence between group members is highly valued among people in this type of environment.
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Now, unlike their individualist counterparts, members of collectivist cultures tend to be extremely close to each other psychologically and emotionally.
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Now, this can create an us versus them mindset that separates or looks down upon people that are outside of their group.
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Collectivist characteristics are generally associated with women, people in rural settings, and eastern culture.
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So let's look at another spectrum.
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Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
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This idea was coined in 1935 to help psychologists identify what makes some conflicts easy to resolve and others difficult to resolve.
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Where you lie on this spectrum can highly influence how you make decisions.
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So what is approach vs avoidance?
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Humans typically want to approach and move towards pleasurable things, and they typically want to avoid and move away from negative or painful things.
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It's very similar to Freud's pleasure-pain principle.
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The idea of approach vs avoidance was measured when an experiment was conducted on rats in 1948.
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The rats were exposed to different positive and negative stimuli.
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then measure the strength of their pull towards the stimuli.
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The most interesting results from this experiment reveal
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that the closer the rats were to the item that they were either approaching or avoiding, the stronger their pull was in either direction.
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Now this can be applied to humans and how they make their decisions and categorize conflict.
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But what does it have to do with the culture where you grew up with?
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Cause that's kinda the topic of this video, right?
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The culture helps to teach you at a young age what to approach and what to avoid.
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Culture doesn't teach you to avoid physical pain and approach food.
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Those things are instinctual to all humans.
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The things we learn to approach and avoid through culture appeal to a higher need.
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One example of this is something called uncertainty avoidance.
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The uncertainty avoidance of a culture is a measure of how that culture responds to novelty and uncertainty.
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How does a culture deal with ambiguity?
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Are changes welcome in the nation?
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Or does the culture approach stable, traditional rules and customs?
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Now in some research I've found that countries who generally score high in neuroticism tend to be high in uncertainty avoidance.
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Most countries usually have a more formal system of rules that try to minimize cultural or situational ambiguity.
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And the citizens are uninterested in changing them.
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These cultures tend to be more conservative, more emotional, and usually xenophobic.
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Families in these cultures tend to have more traditional gender roles too.
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Schools have more structured learning, and children are taught to trust
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that their Teachers have all of the answers children are also taught that the outside world may be a hostile place
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Religions associated with the uncertainty avoidance include Catholicism Islam Judaism and Shinto ism
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Conversely countries low in neuroticism and low
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and uncertainty avoidance tend to have fewer laws and regulations
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And their citizens are much more interested in politics These cultures are often more open to change
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and more tolerant of diversity and people within these cultures tend to suppress their emotions more.
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Families in these cultures usually have looser gender roles and their schools have a more open-minded learning.
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As a generality, teachers are allowed to say that they don't know and students are encouraged to question authority.
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Children are also taught that the outside world is benevolent and that they should not persecute others based on their beliefs.
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Religions associated with low uncertainty avoidance include Protestantism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism.
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So where do you fit in?
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Uncertainty avoidance is just one concept that is influenced by a culture's personality
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and how it influences the decisions and behaviors of the people within that culture.
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What were you taught to avoid?
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What were you taught to approach?
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And how does the culture where you grew up in influence what you consider to be comfortable and uncomfortable?
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I hope you guys enjoyed this video and if you did, feel free to watch some of the other videos in this personality series.
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And if you want to learn more about your own personality, check out my free 3-in-1 personality quiz in the description below.
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What it does is it combines three of the major personality
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quizzes into just one test you can take in under 10 minutes.
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And at the end of it, I'm gonna try to predict some things about you, like your political stances, your relationship style, and also your health.
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I put a lot of work into it, so I hope you guys enjoy it.
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Thanks for watching, and I hope to see you in the next video.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “How Culture affects your Personality”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: culture, avoidance, personality, approach, uncertainty. Deze video bevat 93 zinnen en 1311 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 6:22. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 206 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken. 14 van de 93 zinnen zijn vragen, dus het is goede oefening voor vraagintonatie en korte antwoorden.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| avoidance zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈvɔɪdəns/ | vermijden |
| uncertainty zelfstandig naamwoord | /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/ | onzekerheid |
| individualist zelfstandig naamwoord | individualist | |
| rat zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹæt/ | rat, bruine rat |
| ambiguity zelfstandig naamwoord | /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ | dubbelzinnigheid, ambiguïteit |
| conversely bijwoord | /kənˈvɝsli/ | omgekeerd |
| stimulus zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | prikkel, stimulus |
| quiz zelfstandig naamwoord | /kwɪz/ | kwis, quiz |
| researcher zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | onderzoeker |
| polite bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /pəˈlaɪt/ | beleefd |
| characteristic zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | trekje, karakteristiek |
| resolve werkwoord | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | oplossen |
| benevolent bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /bəˈnɛvələnt/ | welwillend, goedaardig |
| boisterous bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈbɔɪstəɹəs/ | driest |
| individualism zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪ.dʒu.əˌlɪ.zəm/ | individualisme |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| check out werkwoord | onderzoeken |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- Did you grow up in an approach or an avoidance culture?
- What were you taught to avoid?
- What were you taught to approach?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are influenced · were probably scolded · were probably encouraged |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have definitely influenced · have created · I've found |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 8 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, doesn't, don't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/, collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/, ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: quiz /kwɪz/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/, thrive /θɹajv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: rat /ɹæt/, ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/, generality /ˌd͡ʒɛn.əˈɹæl.ɪ.ti/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als avoidance, uncertainty, individualist.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.