Pratique du Shadowing: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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In 2019, the World Health Organization estimated that there are about 1 billion migrants in the world, nearly 1 in 8 people.

This means that more than ever before, we live in societies made out of many cultures, and this diversity can be a beautiful thing.

In Australia, Harmony Day is celebrated on the 21st of March each year, and aims to grow inclusiveness, respect, and a sense of belonging for everyone.

But the very fact that this course needs to be fought for, implies that it's not something everyone naturally does.

Cultures can have very fundamental differences and this can lead to stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.

I spoke in a previous video lesson about how stereotypes can be understood using the tri-component model of attitudes.

You can probably see how it can be applied to the way cultural groups perceive each other.

It's not difficult for prejudice to occur and how individuals might think

or feel about people in another group and this can lead to discrimination in their behavior.

However, some factors make prejudice more likely to happen.

For example, a cultural insensitivity or lack of awareness.

There are often cultural reasons why a person may choose not to eat a certain food or work on a certain day.

But if someone else didn't know that, they might assume that the person was being unnecessarily fussy or lazy.

Different cultures may also have different approaches to completing tasks or making decisions.

For example, in indigenous Australian culture, big decisions are only made after a majority has been reached in the clan.

This can be frustrating for someone who doesn't understand this cultural norm

and perhaps comes from a more individualistic culture where everyone makes their own decisions.

And finally differences in verbal and nonverbal communication styles can also result in potential conflict.

All this conflict and frustration that can arise due to these factors may result in the formation of stereotypes, which in turn may develop into prejudice.

When it comes to issues of cultural diversity, this prejudice may be expressed as xenophobia, ethnocentrism, and racism.

Let's look at each of those.

Xenophobia can be described as the fear of or strong animosity towards people of different races or cultural backgrounds.

For some people, this is a default position.

They're often really just afraid of the impact

that the foreign cultural ideals might have on the status quo in the majority culture.

However, this ends up leading to an immediate distrust of any culture apart from their own.

Ethnocentrism is another expression of this.

The belief that your own ethnicity or culture is superior to all the others.

This can be used to justify excluding other cultures into society or wanting to stop immigrants altogether.

And finally, racism, which are negative emotions or actions towards someone simply based on their race.

It's similar to ethnocentrism in that there's the belief that one's own race is the most superior. In 2018, a manager at Starbucks in the United States called the police

on two African American men in her store who were waiting for their friend to arrive for a meeting.

She will later argue that they hadn't bought anything and were just sitting in the store, But the two men ended up getting arrested by the police and removed, although they ended up not being charged with anything.

There were other customers who filmed the event and told the media that they had not bought anything either, but had not been asked to leave.

Even if there were various factors at play, one of them was almost definitely the race of the two men.

The woman might argue that she wasn't trying to be a racist, but racism can be expressed in different ways.

Again, from a previous lesson, we saw that the attitudes that people hold can be explicit or implicit, visible or unseen.

Explicit racism is easy to spot and unfortunately still very present in our world today.

It's blatant discrimination against a group of people based solely on their race.

Examples of explicit racism include the actions of hate groups such as neo-nazis and white nationalists, racial slurs or derogatory terms,

or when people openly talk negatively about particular cultural groups.

Political parties can also express racist policies and openly attack certain cultures.

But implicit racism is harder to detect because it's often unconscious or concealed.

However, it still ends up impacting the judgments and decisions that people make towards people from different cultures or ethnic groups.

The Starbucks manager may have acted the way she did out of implicit racism.

Other examples include police pulling drivers over due to the color of their skin, people mistrusting those who look different from them,

juries being more likely to pronounce the suspect as guilty based on their race, and more.

A month after the incident, Starbucks closed all 8,000 of the US stores for four hours to conduct training specifically aimed at reducing implicit racism

and indeed implicit bias of any kind.

Stores in Canada followed suit not long after.

But was that enough?

Many experts suggest that racism is embedded far deeper than a single workshop can reveal.

A continued effort must be made if we're to address racism, both explicit and implicit, as one of the main challenges that cultural diversity presents.

Is it possible for Harmony Day to be every day?

We may not know, but it's definitely worth trying.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Challenges of Cultural Diversity ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : culture, racism, cultural, implicit, race. Cette vidéo contient 55 phrases et 903 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:05. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 178 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
implicit adjectif	/ɪmˈplɪsɪt/	implicite, tacite
prejudice nom	/ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/	préjugé
explicit adjectif	/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/	explicite
ethnocentrism nom	/ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/	ethnocentrisme
stereotype nom	/ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/	stéréotype
xenophobia nom	/ˌziː.nəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/	xénophobie
openly adverbe	/ˈoʊpənli/	ouvertement
animosity nom	/æn.ɪˈmɒs.ɪ.ti/	animosité
blatant adjectif	/ˈbleɪtənt/	clair, éhonté
derogatory adjectif	/dɪˈɹɑɡəˌtɔɹi/	péjoratif, dépréciatif
distrust nom	/dɪsˈtɹʌst/	défiance, méfiance
frustrate verbe	/ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/	frustrer
individualistic adjectif	/ˌɪn.dɪˌvɪ.dʒu.əˈlɪ.stɪk/	individualiste
insensitivity nom		insensibilité
mistrust nom	/mɪsˈtɹʌst/	défiance, méfiance

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Sens
end up verbe	se terminer, se finir

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is celebrated · be fought · can be understood
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose	someone who doesn · racism, which are · those who look

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 6 contractions et formes réduites, comme didn't, doesn't, hadn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: ethnocentrism /ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/, ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: nationalist /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/, unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, frustration /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, workshop /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: ethnocentrism /ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, xenophobia /ˌziː.nəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, animosity /æn.ɪˈmɒs.ɪ.ti/, derogatory /dɪˈɹɑɡəˌtɔɹi/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/, individualistic /ˌɪn.dɪˌvɪ.dʒu.əˈlɪ.stɪk/, justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/, indigenous /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/, ethnocentrism /ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/, derogatory /dɪˈɹɑɡəˌtɔɹi/, distrust /dɪsˈtɹʌst/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme implicit, prejudice, explicit.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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