쉐도잉 연습: What is a contract? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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In this video, we'll discuss what we mean by a contract.
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When you think about contract law, first think about promises.
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But these are promises recognized as legal obligations by a court.
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And if this legally recognized promise is broken, a court might impose liability on the party breaking the promise.
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Now, people make promises all the time.
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For example, I promise to meet you next week.
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Don't worry, I promise you it won't rain.
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But with contracts, remember, we're concerned with liability if the person breaks a promise.
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If your friend doesn't show up in the park as scheduled,
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we don't expect a court to make someone pay for not showing up on a date.
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Likewise, maybe your friend promised you that it wouldn't rain, but you're probably not going to sue your friend because her weather prediction was wrong.
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Without even studying the law, instinctively, we don't expect your friend's weather prediction to be a legally enforceable contract.
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On the other hand, if we have a promise to sell a scooter in exchange for money, and one party pays money but there's no scooter,
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well, that seems to be a broken promise, for which we expect there to be some liability.
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So what's the difference, then, between a broken promise to be someone's best friend and a broken promise to sell or to buy a scooter.
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When should a promise be part of a contract, a legally enforceable agreement?
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We can say that a contract is made of distinct pieces that we'll call elements.
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And if we have the necessary elements, we have a contract.
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You can think of elements of a contract the way you might think of ingredients to a soup.
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If we have the right ingredients, we can make our soup.
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But now we're asking, what do we need?
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What are the elements to form a contract?
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And generally, our three elements for a contract are offer, acceptance, and consideration.
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Before we can have a contract, we should have these three elements.
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We'll say the offer and the acceptance are a mutual agreement to enter into a deal.
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And consideration will mean the parties are giving and getting something.
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For example, paying money in exchange for a painting.
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And we'll need all three elements to have a contract.
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This course focuses primarily on the offer, but in subsequent courses, we'll be looking at the acceptance and consideration.
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So our basic definition of a contract is going to be a promise that a court will enforce.
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Put a slightly different way, it's a promise that if broken, can result in liability.
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You can also define a contract as an agreement that can be enforced in court.
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If you'd like to discuss contract law or any other matter related to US law,
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stop by my website and feel free to send me an email.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This speaking lesson is built on the video “What is a contract?”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: promise, contract, elements, broken, liability. This video has 34 sentences and 477 words to shadow. The speech runs for 2:52. The speaker talks at a natural 166 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 83% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| element noun | /ˈɛləmənt/ | One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. |
| liability noun | /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | An obligation, debt or responsibility owed to someone. |
| consideration noun | /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | The thought process of considering, of taking multiple or specified factors into account (with of being the main corresponding adposition). |
| legally adverb | /ˈliːɡəli/ | As permitted by law; not contrary to law. |
| acceptance noun | /əkˈsɛp.təns/ | The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval. |
| scooter noun | /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ | A kick scooter or push scooter; a human-powered land vehicle with a handlebar, deck and wheels that is propelled by a rider pushing off the ground. |
| soup noun | /sup/ | Any of various dishes commonly made by combining liquids, such as water or stock, with other ingredients, such as meat and vegetables, that contribute the food… |
| enforce verb | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | To keep up, impose or bring into effect something, not necessarily by force. |
| prediction noun | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | A statement of what will happen in the future. |
| ingredient noun | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food. |
| primarily adverb | /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/ | Of a primary or central nature, first and foremost. |
| subsequent adjective | /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ | Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely. |
| define verb | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly. |
| distinct adjective | /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ | Capable of being perceived very clearly. |
| mutual adjective | /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ | Having the same relationship, each to each other. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 15 contractions and reduced forms, such as we'll, don't, we're. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
- Long words — get the stress right: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like element, liability, consideration.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
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