Prática de Shadowing: What is a contract? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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In this video, we'll discuss what we mean by a contract.
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When you think about contract law, first think about promises.
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But these are promises recognized as legal obligations by a court.
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And if this legally recognized promise is broken, a court might impose liability on the party breaking the promise.
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Now, people make promises all the time.
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For example, I promise to meet you next week.
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Don't worry, I promise you it won't rain.
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But with contracts, remember, we're concerned with liability if the person breaks a promise.
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If your friend doesn't show up in the park as scheduled,
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we don't expect a court to make someone pay for not showing up on a date.
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Likewise, maybe your friend promised you that it wouldn't rain, but you're probably not going to sue your friend because her weather prediction was wrong.
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Without even studying the law, instinctively, we don't expect your friend's weather prediction to be a legally enforceable contract.
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On the other hand, if we have a promise to sell a scooter in exchange for money, and one party pays money but there's no scooter,
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well, that seems to be a broken promise, for which we expect there to be some liability.
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So what's the difference, then, between a broken promise to be someone's best friend and a broken promise to sell or to buy a scooter.
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When should a promise be part of a contract, a legally enforceable agreement?
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We can say that a contract is made of distinct pieces that we'll call elements.
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And if we have the necessary elements, we have a contract.
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You can think of elements of a contract the way you might think of ingredients to a soup.
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If we have the right ingredients, we can make our soup.
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But now we're asking, what do we need?
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What are the elements to form a contract?
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And generally, our three elements for a contract are offer, acceptance, and consideration.
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Before we can have a contract, we should have these three elements.
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We'll say the offer and the acceptance are a mutual agreement to enter into a deal.
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And consideration will mean the parties are giving and getting something.
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For example, paying money in exchange for a painting.
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And we'll need all three elements to have a contract.
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This course focuses primarily on the offer, but in subsequent courses, we'll be looking at the acceptance and consideration.
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So our basic definition of a contract is going to be a promise that a court will enforce.
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Put a slightly different way, it's a promise that if broken, can result in liability.
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You can also define a contract as an agreement that can be enforced in court.
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If you'd like to discuss contract law or any other matter related to US law,
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stop by my website and feel free to send me an email.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “What is a contract?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: promise, contract, elements, broken, liability. Este vídeo tem 34 frases e 477 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:52. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 166 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| element substantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | fundamento |
| liability substantivo | /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | responsabilidade, obrigação |
| consideration substantivo | /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | consideração |
| legally advérbio | /ˈliːɡəli/ | legalmente |
| acceptance substantivo | /əkˈsɛp.təns/ | aceitação |
| scooter substantivo | /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ | patinete, trotineta |
| soup substantivo | /sup/ | sopa |
| enforce verbo | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | reforçar |
| prediction substantivo | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | predição, previsão |
| ingredient substantivo | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | ingrediente |
| subsequent adjetivo | /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ | subsequente, seguinte |
| define verbo | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | definir |
| distinct adjetivo | /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ | distinto |
| mutual adjetivo | /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ | mútuo |
| obligation substantivo | /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/ | obrigação |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 15 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we'll, don't, we're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: element /ˈɛləmənt/, soup /sup/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/, distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como element, liability, consideration.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.