跟读练习: What is a contract? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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34 句
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In this video, we'll discuss what we mean by a contract.
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When you think about contract law, first think about promises.
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But these are promises recognized as legal obligations by a court.
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And if this legally recognized promise is broken, a court might impose liability on the party breaking the promise.
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Now, people make promises all the time.
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For example, I promise to meet you next week.
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Don't worry, I promise you it won't rain.
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But with contracts, remember, we're concerned with liability if the person breaks a promise.
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If your friend doesn't show up in the park as scheduled,
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we don't expect a court to make someone pay for not showing up on a date.
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Likewise, maybe your friend promised you that it wouldn't rain, but you're probably not going to sue your friend because her weather prediction was wrong.
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Without even studying the law, instinctively, we don't expect your friend's weather prediction to be a legally enforceable contract.
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On the other hand, if we have a promise to sell a scooter in exchange for money, and one party pays money but there's no scooter,
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well, that seems to be a broken promise, for which we expect there to be some liability.
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So what's the difference, then, between a broken promise to be someone's best friend and a broken promise to sell or to buy a scooter.
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When should a promise be part of a contract, a legally enforceable agreement?
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We can say that a contract is made of distinct pieces that we'll call elements.
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And if we have the necessary elements, we have a contract.
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You can think of elements of a contract the way you might think of ingredients to a soup.
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If we have the right ingredients, we can make our soup.
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But now we're asking, what do we need?
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What are the elements to form a contract?
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And generally, our three elements for a contract are offer, acceptance, and consideration.
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Before we can have a contract, we should have these three elements.
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We'll say the offer and the acceptance are a mutual agreement to enter into a deal.
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And consideration will mean the parties are giving and getting something.
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For example, paying money in exchange for a painting.
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And we'll need all three elements to have a contract.
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This course focuses primarily on the offer, but in subsequent courses, we'll be looking at the acceptance and consideration.
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So our basic definition of a contract is going to be a promise that a court will enforce.
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Put a slightly different way, it's a promise that if broken, can result in liability.
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You can also define a contract as an agreement that can be enforced in court.
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If you'd like to discuss contract law or any other matter related to US law,
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stop by my website and feel free to send me an email.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“What is a contract?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：promise, contract, elements, broken, liability。 这段视频共有 34 个句子、477 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:52。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 166 个词，接近日常对话。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 13 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| element 名词 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| liability 名词 | /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | 負債 /负债, 債務 /债务 |
| scooter 名词 | /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ | 滑板車 /滑板车, 滑行車 /滑行车 |
| soup 名词 | /sup/ | 湯 /汤 |
| enforce 动词 | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | 實施 /实施, 執行 /执行 |
| prediction 名词 | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | 預言 /预言, 預估 /预估 |
| ingredient 名词 | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | 成份, 材料 |
| subsequent 形容词 | /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ | 隨後的 /随后的 |
| define 动词 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
| distinct 形容词 | /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ | 明顯 /明显, 清晰 |
| mutual 形容词 | /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ | 相互 |
| obligation 名词 | /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/ | 義務 /义务, 責任 /责任 |
| likewise 副词 | /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ | 相似地, 類似地 /类似地 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 15 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we'll, don't, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: element /ˈɛləmənt/, acceptance /əkˈsɛp.təns/, soup /sup/, enforce /ɪnˈfoɹs/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 element, liability, scooter 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。