Shadowing Practice: What is a contract? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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In this video, we'll discuss what we mean by a contract.
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When you think about contract law, first think about promises.
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But these are promises recognized as legal obligations by a court.
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And if this legally recognized promise is broken, a court might impose liability on the party breaking the promise.
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Now, people make promises all the time.
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For example, I promise to meet you next week.
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Don't worry, I promise you it won't rain.
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But with contracts, remember, we're concerned with liability if the person breaks a promise.
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If your friend doesn't show up in the park as scheduled,
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we don't expect a court to make someone pay for not showing up on a date.
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Likewise, maybe your friend promised you that it wouldn't rain, but you're probably not going to sue your friend because her weather prediction was wrong.
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Without even studying the law, instinctively, we don't expect your friend's weather prediction to be a legally enforceable contract.
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On the other hand, if we have a promise to sell a scooter in exchange for money, and one party pays money but there's no scooter,
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well, that seems to be a broken promise, for which we expect there to be some liability.
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So what's the difference, then, between a broken promise to be someone's best friend and a broken promise to sell or to buy a scooter.
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When should a promise be part of a contract, a legally enforceable agreement?
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We can say that a contract is made of distinct pieces that we'll call elements.
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And if we have the necessary elements, we have a contract.
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You can think of elements of a contract the way you might think of ingredients to a soup.
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If we have the right ingredients, we can make our soup.
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But now we're asking, what do we need?
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What are the elements to form a contract?
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And generally, our three elements for a contract are offer, acceptance, and consideration.
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Before we can have a contract, we should have these three elements.
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We'll say the offer and the acceptance are a mutual agreement to enter into a deal.
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And consideration will mean the parties are giving and getting something.
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For example, paying money in exchange for a painting.
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And we'll need all three elements to have a contract.
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This course focuses primarily on the offer, but in subsequent courses, we'll be looking at the acceptance and consideration.
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So our basic definition of a contract is going to be a promise that a court will enforce.
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Put a slightly different way, it's a promise that if broken, can result in liability.
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You can also define a contract as an agreement that can be enforced in court.
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If you'd like to discuss contract law or any other matter related to US law,
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stop by my website and feel free to send me an email.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “What is a contract?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: promise, contract, elements, broken, liability. Este vídeo tiene 34 frases y 477 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:52. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 166 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
element sustantivo/ˈɛləmənt/elemento
liability sustantivo/laɪəˈbɪlɪti/lastre, estorbo
consideration sustantivo/kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/consideración
legally adverbio/ˈliːɡəli/legalmente
acceptance sustantivo/əkˈsɛp.təns/aceptación
scooter sustantivo/ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/patineta, patín del diablo
soup sustantivo/sup/sopa, caldo
enforce verbo/ɪnˈfoɹs/hacer cumplir/respetar, enforzar
prediction sustantivo/pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/predicción
ingredient sustantivo/ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ingrediente, excipiente
primarily adverbio/ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/primariamente
subsequent adjetivo/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/subsiguiente, posterior
define verbo/dɪˈfaɪn/determinar, definir
distinct adjetivo/dɪˈstɪŋkt/distinto
mutual adjetivo/ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/mutuo, mutual

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 15 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we'll, don't, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como element, liability, consideration.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →