跟讀練習: What is a contract? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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34 句
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In this video, we'll discuss what we mean by a contract.
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When you think about contract law, first think about promises.
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But these are promises recognized as legal obligations by a court.
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And if this legally recognized promise is broken, a court might impose liability on the party breaking the promise.
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Now, people make promises all the time.
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For example, I promise to meet you next week.
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Don't worry, I promise you it won't rain.
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But with contracts, remember, we're concerned with liability if the person breaks a promise.
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If your friend doesn't show up in the park as scheduled,
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we don't expect a court to make someone pay for not showing up on a date.
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Likewise, maybe your friend promised you that it wouldn't rain, but you're probably not going to sue your friend because her weather prediction was wrong.
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Without even studying the law, instinctively, we don't expect your friend's weather prediction to be a legally enforceable contract.
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On the other hand, if we have a promise to sell a scooter in exchange for money, and one party pays money but there's no scooter,
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well, that seems to be a broken promise, for which we expect there to be some liability.
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So what's the difference, then, between a broken promise to be someone's best friend and a broken promise to sell or to buy a scooter.
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When should a promise be part of a contract, a legally enforceable agreement?
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We can say that a contract is made of distinct pieces that we'll call elements.
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And if we have the necessary elements, we have a contract.
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You can think of elements of a contract the way you might think of ingredients to a soup.
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If we have the right ingredients, we can make our soup.
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But now we're asking, what do we need?
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What are the elements to form a contract?
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And generally, our three elements for a contract are offer, acceptance, and consideration.
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Before we can have a contract, we should have these three elements.
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We'll say the offer and the acceptance are a mutual agreement to enter into a deal.
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And consideration will mean the parties are giving and getting something.
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For example, paying money in exchange for a painting.
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And we'll need all three elements to have a contract.
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This course focuses primarily on the offer, but in subsequent courses, we'll be looking at the acceptance and consideration.
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So our basic definition of a contract is going to be a promise that a court will enforce.
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Put a slightly different way, it's a promise that if broken, can result in liability.
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You can also define a contract as an agreement that can be enforced in court.
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If you'd like to discuss contract law or any other matter related to US law,
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stop by my website and feel free to send me an email.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“What is a contract?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：promise, contract, elements, broken, liability。 這段影片共有 34 個句子、477 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 2:52。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 166 個詞，接近日常對話。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 13 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| element 名詞 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| liability 名詞 | /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | 負債 /負債, 債務 /債務 |
| scooter 名詞 | /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ | 滑板車 /滑板車, 滑行車 /滑行車 |
| soup 名詞 | /sup/ | 湯 /湯 |
| enforce 動詞 | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | 實施 /實施, 執行 /執行 |
| prediction 名詞 | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | 預言 /預言, 預估 /預估 |
| ingredient 名詞 | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | 成份, 材料 |
| subsequent 形容詞 | /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ | 隨後的 /隨後的 |
| define 動詞 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
| distinct 形容詞 | /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ | 明顯 /明顯, 清晰 |
| mutual 形容詞 | /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ | 相互 |
| obligation 名詞 | /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/ | 義務 /義務, 責任 /責任 |
| likewise 副詞 | /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ | 相似地, 類似地 /類似地 |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 15 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we'll, don't, we're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: element /ˈɛləmənt/, acceptance /əkˈsɛp.təns/, soup /sup/, enforce /ɪnˈfoɹs/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 element, liability, scooter 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。