Pratica di Shadowing: What is a contract? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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In this video, we'll discuss what we mean by a contract.
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When you think about contract law, first think about promises.
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But these are promises recognized as legal obligations by a court.
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And if this legally recognized promise is broken, a court might impose liability on the party breaking the promise.
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Now, people make promises all the time.
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For example, I promise to meet you next week.
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Don't worry, I promise you it won't rain.
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But with contracts, remember, we're concerned with liability if the person breaks a promise.
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If your friend doesn't show up in the park as scheduled,
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we don't expect a court to make someone pay for not showing up on a date.
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Likewise, maybe your friend promised you that it wouldn't rain, but you're probably not going to sue your friend because her weather prediction was wrong.
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Without even studying the law, instinctively, we don't expect your friend's weather prediction to be a legally enforceable contract.
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On the other hand, if we have a promise to sell a scooter in exchange for money, and one party pays money but there's no scooter,
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well, that seems to be a broken promise, for which we expect there to be some liability.
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So what's the difference, then, between a broken promise to be someone's best friend and a broken promise to sell or to buy a scooter.
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When should a promise be part of a contract, a legally enforceable agreement?
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We can say that a contract is made of distinct pieces that we'll call elements.
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And if we have the necessary elements, we have a contract.
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You can think of elements of a contract the way you might think of ingredients to a soup.
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If we have the right ingredients, we can make our soup.
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But now we're asking, what do we need?
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What are the elements to form a contract?
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And generally, our three elements for a contract are offer, acceptance, and consideration.
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Before we can have a contract, we should have these three elements.
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We'll say the offer and the acceptance are a mutual agreement to enter into a deal.
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And consideration will mean the parties are giving and getting something.
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For example, paying money in exchange for a painting.
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And we'll need all three elements to have a contract.
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This course focuses primarily on the offer, but in subsequent courses, we'll be looking at the acceptance and consideration.
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So our basic definition of a contract is going to be a promise that a court will enforce.
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Put a slightly different way, it's a promise that if broken, can result in liability.
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You can also define a contract as an agreement that can be enforced in court.
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If you'd like to discuss contract law or any other matter related to US law,
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stop by my website and feel free to send me an email.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “What is a contract?”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: promise, contract, elements, broken, liability. Questo video contiene 34 frasi e 477 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 2:52. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 166 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 83% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
element sostantivo/ˈɛləmənt/elemento
liability sostantivo/laɪəˈbɪlɪti/responsabilità
consideration sostantivo/kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/considerazione
legally avverbio/ˈliːɡəli/legalmente
acceptance sostantivo/əkˈsɛp.təns/accettazione
scooter sostantivo/ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/monopattino
soup sostantivo/sup/minestra, brodo
enforce verbo/ɪnˈfoɹs/applicare, rispettare
prediction sostantivo/pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/predizione, previsione
ingredient sostantivo/ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ingrediente
primarily avverbio/ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/principalmente, fondamentalmente
subsequent aggettivo/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/successivo
define verbo/dɪˈfaɪn/definire, determinare
distinct aggettivo/dɪˈstɪŋkt/chiaro
mutual aggettivo/ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/mutuo, vicendevole

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 15 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we'll, don't, we're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: element /ˈɛləmənt/, acceptance /əkˈsɛp.təns/, soup /sup/, enforce /ɪnˈfoɹs/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come element, liability, consideration.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

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