Shadowing Practice: ARTICLES - A? An? The? | How can I use these correctly? - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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A. An.The. Or, nothing? When do we use these articles? I'm Arnel from Arnel's Everyday English and today we're looking at these.
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First, we use a with a consonant sound. And we use an with a vowel sound. Vowel?
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Consonant? Vowels are: a e i o u and consonants are all the other letters. I need to tell you, normally in spoken English we pronounce a, uh. So listen out for that. I have an Apple, vowel sound ah, an. I have an orange. I have an umbrella. I have an orangutan... I have a dog, the consonant sound. I have a shoe. I have a cup of coffee. A + consonant sounds, a + vowel sound. But, let's look at a few exceptions: I go to a university. He is a unique person. I need an x-ray. So why do I have a with u?
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U is a vowel. It's because of the sound. University is pronounced y we have the Y consonant sound. Again he is a y y unique person, so of course we have u the vowel but, we need a consonant sound. An x-ray? X is a consonant, e= x-ray. Let's look at a and an. First we use a or an with a singular countable noun when we speak about something in general. I need a pen. do you have a pen?
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Do I need a specific pen? I don't care, any pen is fine. What did you do last night? I watched a movie. Which movie? It doesn't matter, I'm not being specific, a an in general. We also use these when we introduce something for the first time yesterday I saw a seagull eating a hamburger in the middle of the street. So, it's the first time I'm telling you, a or an. When speaking about someone's job, I'm a teacher you're an engineer. Next rule, when we want to say one with big numbers.
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I need a hundred roses, I need 100 roses. I've eaten a thousand mangoes in my life.
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A thousand ,one thousand. How many times? I go to the gym twice a week. I have a coffee three times a day. Did you know hummingbirds can flap their wings 70 times a second? Okay so we looked at the rules for a and an, let's continue with: the. Remember early in the video I said I need a pen, do you have a pen? I need a pen, do you have a pen? See, I did say it! You already know we use a or an for something in general. The is specific. Yes, I bought the sofa.
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Here both the speaker and the listener know exactly which sofa I'm speaking about, it's clear when we use the we use: the. We use the when we mention something for the second time. I saw a seagull eating a hamburger in the middle of the street.
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Can you believe it, the seagull finished the hamburger in about two minutes. Now I'm repeating my subjects, I use the. With superlatives, coffee is the best drink in the world. You are the smartest person I know.
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I think cheetahs are the fastest animal in the world. With groups of society. The rich, the poor, the homeless, the youth. Robin Hood steals from the rich and gives to the poor. When there's only one of something. The Sun, the moon. the government, the Queen. With mountain ranges, oceans, seas, rivers, the Alps, the Pacific, the Mediterranean, the Thames, the Orkney Islands, lie in the Atlantic. With plural countries. What do I mean by plural countries? We say: the United Kingdom because there's many parts together. We say the United States, the Netherlands. We have that s, there's a plural there. The Philippines, the with plural countries.
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With instruments. I can play the piano. My brother can play the guitar very well. With morning, afternoon and evening. See you in the morning. I usually work in the afternoons. The evenings are our busiest time. But, we say at night, not at the the night. We've already looked at so many different rules I hope you're feeling okay! Now, I need to tell you there's always exceptions, you know this. If you remember rule number five, there's only one of something, we use the. But there are always exceptions. So we say Buckingham Palace but we say the Taj Mahal, the Eiffel Tower. So you have the grammatical rules and just be prepared to become familiar with different exceptions. No an, no a, no the. We're speaking about zero article, we also need to know this.
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So a quick review: I want a dog. A with countable nouns, general. It doesn't matter. I want a dog. I want the dog from that movie Benji. The specific dog. I love dogs. When we use a plural countable noun or an uncountable noun, we don't use an article when we speak about it in general. I love dogs, they're my favorite animal. Do I want to be specific? I love the dogs from that TV show. Streets, towns, cities, countries and specific mountains. I live in New York City on Fulham Road.
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The New York City? The Fulham Road? No. I want to climb Mount Everest one day. Not the Mount Everest. Fantastic, you've done an excellent job, there are a lot of rules to remember! So, what I want you to do is write me an example sentence using: a, and, the and no article. can you do it? Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE to me so you never miss another video and I'll see you very soon!
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau A2 is gebaseerd op de video “ARTICLES - A? An? The?”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: sound, consonant, pen, dog, vowel. Deze video bevat 13 zinnen en 942 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 9:49. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 96 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. 75% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken. 19 van de 13 zinnen zijn vragen, dus het is goede oefening voor vraagintonatie en korte antwoorden.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| plural zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈplʊəɹəl/ | meervoud |
| exception zelfstandig naamwoord | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | uitzondering |
| noun zelfstandig naamwoord | /naʊn/ | zelfstandig naamwoord, substantief |
| sofa zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsoʊ̯fə/ | bank, zetel |
| pronounce werkwoord | /pɹəˈnaʊns/ | uitspreken, verklaren |
| guitar zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡɪˈtɑɹ/ | gitaar |
| steal werkwoord | /stiːl/ | stelen, ontvreemden |
| introduce werkwoord | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | introduceren, voorstellen |
| piano zelfstandig naamwoord | /piˈænɪː/ | piano |
| instrument zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | instrument, meetinstrument |
| shoe zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈʃu/ | schoen |
| climb werkwoord | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | klimmen |
| umbrella zelfstandig naamwoord | /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/ | paraplu, regenscherm |
| singular bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ | enig, enige |
| mango zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ | mangoboom |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- When do we use these articles?
- Do I need a specific pen?
- What did you do last night?
- I need a pen, do you have a pen?
- What do I mean by plural countries?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | I've eaten · We've already looked · you've done |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is pronounced |
| Overtreffende trap the -est / the most … — het hoogste of laagste van een groep | the best · the fastest · our busiest |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — iets dat nu of in deze periode gebeurt | we're looking · I'm not being · I'm speaking |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 20 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, don't, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, shoe /ˈʃu/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, orangutan /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/, superlative /suˈpɝlətɪv/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: hummingbird /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜɹd/, superlative /suˈpɝlətɪv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: piano /piˈænɪː/, mango /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/, hamburger /ˈhæmˌbɜɹ.ɡɚ/, flap /flæp/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: guitar /ɡɪˈtɑɹ/, singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/, mango /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/, hamburger /ˈhæmˌbɜɹ.ɡɚ/, seagull /ˈsiː.ɡʌl/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als plural, exception, noun.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.