Shadowing Practice: ARTICLES - A? An? The? | How can I use these correctly? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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A. An.The. Or, nothing? When do we use these articles? I'm Arnel from Arnel's Everyday English and today we're looking at these.
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First, we use a with a consonant sound. And we use an with a vowel sound. Vowel?
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Consonant? Vowels are: a e i o u and consonants are all the other letters. I need to tell you, normally in spoken English we pronounce a, uh. So listen out for that. I have an Apple, vowel sound ah, an. I have an orange. I have an umbrella. I have an orangutan... I have a dog, the consonant sound. I have a shoe. I have a cup of coffee. A + consonant sounds, a + vowel sound. But, let's look at a few exceptions: I go to a university. He is a unique person. I need an x-ray. So why do I have a with u?
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U is a vowel. It's because of the sound. University is pronounced y we have the Y consonant sound. Again he is a y y unique person, so of course we have u the vowel but, we need a consonant sound. An x-ray? X is a consonant, e= x-ray. Let's look at a and an. First we use a or an with a singular countable noun when we speak about something in general. I need a pen. do you have a pen?
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Do I need a specific pen? I don't care, any pen is fine. What did you do last night? I watched a movie. Which movie? It doesn't matter, I'm not being specific, a an in general. We also use these when we introduce something for the first time yesterday I saw a seagull eating a hamburger in the middle of the street. So, it's the first time I'm telling you, a or an. When speaking about someone's job, I'm a teacher you're an engineer. Next rule, when we want to say one with big numbers.
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I need a hundred roses, I need 100 roses. I've eaten a thousand mangoes in my life.
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A thousand ,one thousand. How many times? I go to the gym twice a week. I have a coffee three times a day. Did you know hummingbirds can flap their wings 70 times a second? Okay so we looked at the rules for a and an, let's continue with: the. Remember early in the video I said I need a pen, do you have a pen? I need a pen, do you have a pen? See, I did say it! You already know we use a or an for something in general. The is specific. Yes, I bought the sofa.
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Here both the speaker and the listener know exactly which sofa I'm speaking about, it's clear when we use the we use: the. We use the when we mention something for the second time. I saw a seagull eating a hamburger in the middle of the street.
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Can you believe it, the seagull finished the hamburger in about two minutes. Now I'm repeating my subjects, I use the. With superlatives, coffee is the best drink in the world. You are the smartest person I know.
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I think cheetahs are the fastest animal in the world. With groups of society. The rich, the poor, the homeless, the youth. Robin Hood steals from the rich and gives to the poor. When there's only one of something. The Sun, the moon. the government, the Queen. With mountain ranges, oceans, seas, rivers, the Alps, the Pacific, the Mediterranean, the Thames, the Orkney Islands, lie in the Atlantic. With plural countries. What do I mean by plural countries? We say: the United Kingdom because there's many parts together. We say the United States, the Netherlands. We have that s, there's a plural there. The Philippines, the with plural countries.
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With instruments. I can play the piano. My brother can play the guitar very well. With morning, afternoon and evening. See you in the morning. I usually work in the afternoons. The evenings are our busiest time. But, we say at night, not at the the night. We've already looked at so many different rules I hope you're feeling okay! Now, I need to tell you there's always exceptions, you know this. If you remember rule number five, there's only one of something, we use the. But there are always exceptions. So we say Buckingham Palace but we say the Taj Mahal, the Eiffel Tower. So you have the grammatical rules and just be prepared to become familiar with different exceptions. No an, no a, no the. We're speaking about zero article, we also need to know this.
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So a quick review: I want a dog. A with countable nouns, general. It doesn't matter. I want a dog. I want the dog from that movie Benji. The specific dog. I love dogs. When we use a plural countable noun or an uncountable noun, we don't use an article when we speak about it in general. I love dogs, they're my favorite animal. Do I want to be specific? I love the dogs from that TV show. Streets, towns, cities, countries and specific mountains. I live in New York City on Fulham Road.
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The New York City? The Fulham Road? No. I want to climb Mount Everest one day. Not the Mount Everest. Fantastic, you've done an excellent job, there are a lot of rules to remember! So, what I want you to do is write me an example sentence using: a, and, the and no article. can you do it? Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE to me so you never miss another video and I'll see you very soon!
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel A2 se basa en el vídeo “ARTICLES - A? An? The?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: sound, consonant, pen, dog, vowel. Este vídeo tiene 13 frases y 942 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 9:49. El hablante habla despacio, unas 96 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. El 75 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar. 19 de sus 13 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| plural sustantivo | /ˈplʊəɹəl/ | plural |
| exception sustantivo | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | excepción, salvedad |
| noun sustantivo | /naʊn/ | nombre, nombre sustantivo |
| sofa sustantivo | /ˈsoʊ̯fə/ | sofá, sillón |
| guitar sustantivo | /ɡɪˈtɑɹ/ | guitarra, jarana |
| steal verbo | /stiːl/ | robar, shacar |
| introduce verbo | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | presentar |
| piano sustantivo | /piˈænɪː/ | piano |
| instrument sustantivo | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | instrumento |
| shoe sustantivo | /ˈʃu/ | zapato, taba |
| climb verbo | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | escalar, subir |
| umbrella sustantivo | /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/ | paraguas, ambrela |
| singular adjetivo | /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ | singular |
| mango sustantivo | /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ | árbol de mango |
| listener sustantivo | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | oyente, escucha |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- When do we use these articles?
- Do I need a specific pen?
- What did you do last night?
- I need a pen, do you have a pen?
- What do I mean by plural countries?
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | I've eaten · We've already looked · you've done |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is pronounced · be prepared |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — lo más alto o lo más bajo de un grupo | the best · the fastest |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que ocurre ahora o en estos días | we're looking · I'm not being · I'm speaking |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 20 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, don't, doesn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, shoe /ˈʃu/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, orangutan /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/, superlative /suˈpɝlətɪv/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vowel /ˈvaʊ.əl/, superlative /suˈpɝlətɪv/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: hamburger /ˈhæmˌbɜɹ.ɡɚ/, hummingbird /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜɹd/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como plural, exception, noun.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.