Shadowing Practice: Homeostasis - How Your Body Keeps its Balance - Physiology Series - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hey guys, welcome to my second video on physiology and today's topic is homeostasis, how the body is balanced.
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So let's get started.
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Homeostasis, what does that even mean?
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So homeo means similar, stasis stable or stand still.
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So homeostasis is how to keep the body's internal environment constant.
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This is different from hemostasis because hemo means blood.
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Hemostasis is how to control your blood, talking about bleeding, coagulation and stuff like that.
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That's why we have the field of hematology, which is the study of blood.
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So, homeostasis is different from hemostasis.
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When you first start learning about anything, what's the first question?
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What's the definition?
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So what is homeostasis?
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It's the maintenance of nearly constant circumstances in your body's internal environment.
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The internal environment of your body is usually the ECF,
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extracellular fluid, as I've told you before in the previous video.
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As an example here, You have the hydrogen ion concentration.
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Usually they should be less than 5 nanomoles per liter.
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This is 0.00000000005 moles per liter.
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Very tiny amount, but it's tightly regulated.
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In fact, only a narrow range of pH is compatible with life.
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Usually the pH is between 7.35 and 7.45.
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Theoretically you can live between 7 and 7.7 pH.
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Anything less than that or more than that, you're dead.
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These numbers are not actual numbers.
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The pH is a logarithm.
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So, they are very teeny tiny amounts of hydrogen, any excess, any decrease, and you're done.
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So, I see, homeostasis is very serious.
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But what's the definition of disease? disease is nothing but a disrupted homeostasis.
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Wow!
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So disease is called pathology.
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Homeostasis is called physiology.
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A new field of science is born.
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Pathophysiology.
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So how does your body work?
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You have the good stuff such as nutrients, the bad stuff, the waste products and carbon dioxide, and you need communication systems.
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So how to get the good stuff?
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To get nutrients you need to eat This is the gastrointestinal tract.
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To breathe, you need the respiratory system to get oxygen.
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Okay, now how to give the food and oxygen to every single cell in your body?
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You need the circulatory system or cardiovascular system, also known as CVS.
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Not the pharmacy, okay?
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Then we have the bad stuff, the waste products.
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The liver and the kidney will deal with this junk.
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For communication, fast communication, you have the neurons very fast.
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For slow communication, you will need stuff called hormones.
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So let's talk briefly about every system in your body.
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We start with the circulatory system or cardiovascular system.
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Heart pumping blood into arteries.
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They go into capillaries or capillary bed.
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Exchange will occur with the cells.
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Blood will give the cells nutrients and oxygen and will take the waste products and CO2.
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Plasma, which is in the blood, is continually mixed with the interstitial fluid between the cells.
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Very important.
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Now let's go to the lungs.
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Now we have all the CO2 and waste products going back to the heart.
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The heart will pump them in a pulmonary artery, will pump the CO2 to the lungs.
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The lungs will breathe out the CO2 called exhalation and will breathe in the oxygen called inhalation.
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Now oxygen can go to the blood and the cycle goes over again.
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CO2 is the most abundant of all metabolic products.
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Let's talk about the GI and the liver.
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You eat from your mouth, of course, and then it goes to the stomach and the small intestines.
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Not all of the absorbed stuff is cool.
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No, we need some lab to tell us.
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Is it useful to us now?
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Should we wait and store it?
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Should we convert it to other more usable stuff?
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And this is called the liver, your body's laboratory.
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Your body's laboratory will change chemical compound.
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It will store products and it will eliminate waste products.
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Very cool.
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And now the kidney.
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The kidney is king.
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Filters the plasma, some of which will be reabsorbed, other will be excreted in urine.
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Goodbye.
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Acid-base regulation to regulate the pH of your blood.
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Also some endocrine function.
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To the tech savvy here, let's talk about communication.
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You have the very fast nervous system composed of neurons or nerve cells.
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It starts usually in the skin to pick stimuli.
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So this is the skin and this neuron here is called the sensory neuron.
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Let's say that you're touching a hot object.
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Okay, very hot.
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So it will tell your CNS or central nervous system, which is the brain and the spinal cord, that there is something hot here.
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It will relay it through an interneuron to another one, which is now a motor neuron,
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to tell your muscles, pull up your hands from this hot object, you idiot.
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Second, the slow system, the hormonal system.
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We have some glands called endocrine glands, such as this nice thyroid gland,
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and it will secrete thyroid hormone directly into the bloodstream.
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Thyroid hormone is carried by the blood, and now thyroid hormone is like the oven of your body.
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Everything is hot.
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Everything is working so fast.
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That's why patients with hyperthyroidism, they feel hot all the time.
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All of their systems are working very fast.
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They lose a lot of weight, etc. On the other hand, patients with low thyroid level,
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also known as hypothyroidism, they gain weight, they feel cold.
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It's the opposite.
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So hormones are very, very important.
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Before I let you go, here is a question for you.
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The extracellular fluid has blank sodium ions than its intracellular counterpart.
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So does the extracellular fluid has more sodium, less sodium, the same sodium as the intracellular, or is it variable?
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If you'd like to know the answer, go to my Facebook page, facebook.com forward slash medicosis.
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And let me know what you think the answer is down below in the comments.
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I'll see you in the next video with a new physiology video.
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But now, don't forget to subscribe and hit the bell.
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Also, I'd like to see you on Facebook, Twitter, SoundCloud, Instagram, and please consider supporting this channel on Patreon.
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Thank you so much for watching.
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This is Medicosis Perfectionalis.
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As always, be safe, stay happy, and study hard.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Homeostasis - How Your Body Keeps its Balance - Physiology Series”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: blood, homeostasis, products, hot, neuron. Deze video bevat 108 zinnen en 1031 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:53. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 131 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| homeostasis zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/ | homeostase |
| neuron zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | neuron, zenuwcel |
| hormone zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormoon |
| sodium zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsəʊ.di.əm/ | natrium |
| gland zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡlænd/ | klier |
| nutrient zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | voedingsstof, nutriënt |
| physiology zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | fysiologie |
| kidney zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɪdni/ | nier |
| capillary zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkæpəˌlɛri/ | haarvat, capillair |
| endocrine bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɛnd.oʊ.kɹɪn/ | endocrien |
| litre zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈli.tɚ/ | liter |
| artery zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | slagader, arterie |
| regulate werkwoord | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | regelen |
| plasma zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈplæzmə/ | plasma |
| hydrogen zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | waterstof |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- When you first start learning about anything, what's the first question?
- Is it useful to us now?
- Should we wait and store it?
- Should we convert it to other more usable stuff?
- Your body's laboratory will change chemical compound.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is balanced · is called · is born |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | hematology, which is · Plasma, which is · system, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 8 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, don't, I'd. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/, hyperthyroidism /ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/, hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/, logarithm /ˈlɑ.ɡə.ɹɪ.ð(ə)m/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: coagulation /koʊ.æɡjuˈleɪʃən/, exhalation /ˌɛkshəˈleɪ̯ʃən/, inhalation /ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən/, interstitial /ɪntəɹˈstɪʃəl/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: homeostasis /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/, hemostasis /ˌhiːməˈsteɪsɪs/, physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, capillary /ˈkæpəˌlɛri/, circulatory /ˈsɝkjələˌtɔɹi/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/, gland /ɡlænd/, compose /kəmˈpəʊz/, bleed /ˈbliːd/, dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: gland /ɡlænd/, capillary /ˈkæpəˌlɛri/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, plasma /ˈplæzmə/, coagulation /koʊ.æɡjuˈleɪʃən/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: gland /ɡlænd/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, coagulation /koʊ.æɡjuˈleɪʃən/, gastrointestinal /ˌɡæstɹoʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/, logarithm /ˈlɑ.ɡə.ɹɪ.ð(ə)m/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als homeostasis, neuron, hormone.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.