쉐도잉 연습: Homeostasis - How Your Body Keeps its Balance - Physiology Series - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Hey guys, welcome to my second video on physiology and today's topic is homeostasis, how the body is balanced.
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So let's get started.
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Homeostasis, what does that even mean?
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So homeo means similar, stasis stable or stand still.
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So homeostasis is how to keep the body's internal environment constant.
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This is different from hemostasis because hemo means blood.
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Hemostasis is how to control your blood, talking about bleeding, coagulation and stuff like that.
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That's why we have the field of hematology, which is the study of blood.
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So, homeostasis is different from hemostasis.
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When you first start learning about anything, what's the first question?
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What's the definition?
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So what is homeostasis?
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It's the maintenance of nearly constant circumstances in your body's internal environment.
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The internal environment of your body is usually the ECF,
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extracellular fluid, as I've told you before in the previous video.
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As an example here, You have the hydrogen ion concentration.
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Usually they should be less than 5 nanomoles per liter.
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This is 0.00000000005 moles per liter.
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Very tiny amount, but it's tightly regulated.
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In fact, only a narrow range of pH is compatible with life.
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Usually the pH is between 7.35 and 7.45.
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Theoretically you can live between 7 and 7.7 pH.
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Anything less than that or more than that, you're dead.
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These numbers are not actual numbers.
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The pH is a logarithm.
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So, they are very teeny tiny amounts of hydrogen, any excess, any decrease, and you're done.
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So, I see, homeostasis is very serious.
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But what's the definition of disease? disease is nothing but a disrupted homeostasis.
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Wow!
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So disease is called pathology.
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Homeostasis is called physiology.
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A new field of science is born.
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Pathophysiology.
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So how does your body work?
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You have the good stuff such as nutrients, the bad stuff, the waste products and carbon dioxide, and you need communication systems.
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So how to get the good stuff?
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To get nutrients you need to eat This is the gastrointestinal tract.
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To breathe, you need the respiratory system to get oxygen.
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Okay, now how to give the food and oxygen to every single cell in your body?
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You need the circulatory system or cardiovascular system, also known as CVS.
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Not the pharmacy, okay?
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Then we have the bad stuff, the waste products.
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The liver and the kidney will deal with this junk.
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For communication, fast communication, you have the neurons very fast.
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For slow communication, you will need stuff called hormones.
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So let's talk briefly about every system in your body.
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We start with the circulatory system or cardiovascular system.
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Heart pumping blood into arteries.
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They go into capillaries or capillary bed.
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Exchange will occur with the cells.
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Blood will give the cells nutrients and oxygen and will take the waste products and CO2.
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Plasma, which is in the blood, is continually mixed with the interstitial fluid between the cells.
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Very important.
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Now let's go to the lungs.
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Now we have all the CO2 and waste products going back to the heart.
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The heart will pump them in a pulmonary artery, will pump the CO2 to the lungs.
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The lungs will breathe out the CO2 called exhalation and will breathe in the oxygen called inhalation.
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Now oxygen can go to the blood and the cycle goes over again.
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CO2 is the most abundant of all metabolic products.
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Let's talk about the GI and the liver.
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You eat from your mouth, of course, and then it goes to the stomach and the small intestines.
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Not all of the absorbed stuff is cool.
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No, we need some lab to tell us.
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Is it useful to us now?
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Should we wait and store it?
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Should we convert it to other more usable stuff?
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And this is called the liver, your body's laboratory.
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Your body's laboratory will change chemical compound.
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It will store products and it will eliminate waste products.
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Very cool.
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And now the kidney.
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The kidney is king.
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Filters the plasma, some of which will be reabsorbed, other will be excreted in urine.
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Goodbye.
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Acid-base regulation to regulate the pH of your blood.
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Also some endocrine function.
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To the tech savvy here, let's talk about communication.
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You have the very fast nervous system composed of neurons or nerve cells.
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It starts usually in the skin to pick stimuli.
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So this is the skin and this neuron here is called the sensory neuron.
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Let's say that you're touching a hot object.
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Okay, very hot.
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So it will tell your CNS or central nervous system, which is the brain and the spinal cord, that there is something hot here.
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It will relay it through an interneuron to another one, which is now a motor neuron,
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to tell your muscles, pull up your hands from this hot object, you idiot.
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Second, the slow system, the hormonal system.
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We have some glands called endocrine glands, such as this nice thyroid gland,
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and it will secrete thyroid hormone directly into the bloodstream.
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Thyroid hormone is carried by the blood, and now thyroid hormone is like the oven of your body.
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Everything is hot.
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Everything is working so fast.
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That's why patients with hyperthyroidism, they feel hot all the time.
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All of their systems are working very fast.
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They lose a lot of weight, etc. On the other hand, patients with low thyroid level,
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also known as hypothyroidism, they gain weight, they feel cold.
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It's the opposite.
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So hormones are very, very important.
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Before I let you go, here is a question for you.
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The extracellular fluid has blank sodium ions than its intracellular counterpart.
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So does the extracellular fluid has more sodium, less sodium, the same sodium as the intracellular, or is it variable?
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If you'd like to know the answer, go to my Facebook page, facebook.com forward slash medicosis.
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And let me know what you think the answer is down below in the comments.
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I'll see you in the next video with a new physiology video.
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But now, don't forget to subscribe and hit the bell.
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Also, I'd like to see you on Facebook, Twitter, SoundCloud, Instagram, and please consider supporting this channel on Patreon.
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Thank you so much for watching.
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This is Medicosis Perfectionalis.
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As always, be safe, stay happy, and study hard.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Homeostasis - How Your Body Keeps its Balance - Physiology Series”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: blood, homeostasis, products, hot, neuron. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 108개와 단어 1031개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 7:53입니다. 화자는 분당 약 131단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 81%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| homeostasis 명사 | /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/ | 항상성 |
| neuron 명사 | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | 신경 세포 |
| hormone 명사 | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | 호르몬 |
| sodium 명사 | /ˈsəʊ.di.əm/ | 나트륨, 소듐 |
| gland 명사 | /ɡlænd/ | 선 |
| hemostasis 명사 | /ˌhiːməˈsteɪsɪs/ | 지혈 |
| nutrient 명사 | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | 영양소 |
| physiology 명사 | /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 생리학 |
| kidney 명사 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 콩팥, 신장 |
| capillary 명사 | /ˈkæpəˌlɛri/ | 모세관, 모세혈관 |
| litre 명사 | /ˈli.tɚ/ | 리터 |
| artery 명사 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 동맥 |
| regulate 동사 | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | 규정하다 |
| plasma 명사 | /ˈplæzmə/ | 플라스마, 플라즈마 |
| hydrogen 명사 | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | 수소 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- When you first start learning about anything, what's the first question?
- Is it useful to us now?
- Should we wait and store it?
- Should we convert it to other more usable stuff?
- Your body's laboratory will change chemical compound.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is balanced · is called · is born |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | hematology, which is · Plasma, which is · system, which is |
주의할 발음
화자는 you're, don't, I'd 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 8번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/, hyperthyroidism /ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/, hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/, logarithm /ˈlɑ.ɡə.ɹɪ.ð(ə)m/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: coagulation /koʊ.æɡjuˈleɪʃən/, exhalation /ˌɛkshəˈleɪ̯ʃən/, inhalation /ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən/, interstitial /ɪntəɹˈstɪʃəl/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: homeostasis /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/, hemostasis /ˌhiːməˈsteɪsɪs/, physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, capillary /ˈkæpəˌlɛri/, circulatory /ˈsɝkjələˌtɔɹi/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, pharmacy /ˈfɑɹməsi/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/, savvy /ˈsæv.i/, oven /ˈʌ.vn̩/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, plasma /ˈplæzmə/, compose /kəmˈpəʊz/, hyperthyroidism /ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/, hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, homeostasis, neuron, hormone 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.