Shadowing Practice: Combining Sentences - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creating lesson...
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Hi!
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In this video, we will learn how to combine sentences that have the same subject.
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These sentences give details about friends playing in the park.
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My friends learned soccer moves.
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My friends showed dance steps.
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My friends played marble games.
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Repeating my friends over and over is not the best way to write these sentences.
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Since all three sentences have the same subject, my friends, and they all give details about activities my friends did,
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we can combine the details into one sentence.
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My friends learned soccer moves, showed dance steps, and played marble games.
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Notice that commas separate the parts of the sentence that have been combined.
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And the word AND has been added before the last detail.
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Sometimes, though, you need the word OR to combine sentences.
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This note posted at camp explains that campers may choose one afternoon activity.
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The note says, Campers may make crafts this afternoon.
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Campers may play music this afternoon.
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Campers may practice gymnastics this afternoon.
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The subject campers is the same in each sentence.
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The campers have a choice of afternoon activity.
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Since there are choices, we use the word or to combine the choices in a single sentence.
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Campers may make crafts, play music, or practice gymnastics this afternoon.
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Combining sentences can help make your writing clearer and more interesting.
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See you next time.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 23 sentences and 224 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:54. The speaker talks at a steady 118 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 85% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| combine verb | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | To bring (two or more things or activities) together; to unite. |
| soccer noun | /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ | Association football. |
| craft noun | /ˈkɹæft/ | Ability, skillfulness, especially skill in making plans and carrying them into execution; dexterity in managing affairs, adroitness, practical cunning… |
| marble noun | /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ | A metamorphic rock of crystalline limestone. |
| gymnastics noun | /d͡ʒɪmˈnæs.tɪks/ | A sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, and kinesthetic awareness. |
| comma noun | /ˈkɒmə/ | The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list. |
| sentence noun | /ˈsɛn.təns/ | The judicial order for a punishment to be imposed on a person convicted of a crime. |
| detail noun | /ˈdi.teɪl/ | A part small enough to escape casual notice. |
| repeat verb | /ɹɪˈpiːt/ | To do or say again (and again). |
| afternoon noun | /ˌæf.tɚˈnun/ | The part of the day from noon or lunchtime until sunset, evening, or suppertime or 6pm. |
| subject noun | /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/ | The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the… |
| activity noun | /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ | The state or quality of being active; activeness. |
| dance noun | /dæns/ | A sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction. |
| choose verb | /t͡ʃuːz/ | To pick; to make the choice of; to select. |
| notice verb | /ˈnoʊ.tɪs/ | To become aware of; to observe. |
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like combine, soccer, craft.
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now | have been combined · has been added |
| Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it | have been combined · has been added |
| Possibility with “might / may” might/may + verb — something that is possible but not certain | may choose · may make · may play |
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.