Prática de Shadowing: Marbury v. Madison Case Brief Summary | Law Case Explained - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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The presidential election of 1800 was one of the most contentious in our young nation's history.
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Federalist President John Adams fought for re -election, but it became clear that the Anti -Federalists,
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led by Democratic -Republican and Vice President Thomas Jefferson, would take the office.
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Meanwhile, in an effort to preserve the influence of the party, the Federalist -led
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Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801, now known as the Midnight Judges Act,
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which reorganized the Federal Judiciary and the District of Columbia Organic Act, both of which created dozens of new judgeships and justice ships.
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Adams then spent his last few weeks in office appointing dozens of Federalists to the Judiciary.
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These appointees became known as the Midnight Judges.
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The group obtained approval from Congress on March 2nd.
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The commissions were signed by Adams and sealed by the Secretary of State on March 3rd.
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The last remaining step was for the commissions to be physically delivered to the appointees by the Secretary of State.
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John Marshall was Adams' Secretary of State.
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Marshall had already been appointed
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Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
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Marshall was unable to deliver all of the commissions before Jefferson
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was sworn in the next day by Marshall himself in his role as Chief Justice.
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The undelivered commissions were still in Marshall's office when James Madison, the new Secretary of State, took office.
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Jefferson told Madison not to deliver the commissions.
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William Marbury, whom Adams had appointed
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Justice of the Peace of the District of Columbia, was one of the appointees who hadn't received his commission.
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Congress had authorized the United States Supreme Court to issue writs of mandamus under the Judiciary Act of 1789,
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so Marbury brought suit against Madison in the United States Supreme
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Court under its original jurisdiction to compel Madison to deliver the commission.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Marbury v. Madison Case Brief Summary”. As palavras que mais se repetem: commission, Adams, Federalist, Judiciary, Madison. Este vídeo tem 23 frases e 299 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 1:52. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 161 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
12 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| appoint verbo | /əˈpɔɪnt/ | prover |
| meanwhile advérbio | /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ | ao mesmo tempo, simultaneamente |
| obtain verbo | /əbˈteɪn/ | obter |
| physically advérbio | /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ | fisicamente |
| seal substantivo | /siːl/ | selo |
| preserve verbo | /pɹəˈzɝv/ | preservar |
| jurisdiction substantivo | /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ | competência, jurisdição |
| authorize verbo | /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/ | autorizar, deixar |
| compel verbo | /kəmˈpɛl/ | forçar, obrigar |
| contentious adjetivo | /kənˈtɛn.ʃəs/ | controverso |
| reorganize verbo | reorganizar | |
| writ substantivo | /ɹɪt/ | mandado |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: jurisdiction /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/, contentious /kənˈtɛn.ʃəs/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/, writ /ɹɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/, seal /siːl/, compel /kəmˈpɛl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como appoint, meanwhile, obtain.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.