Prática de Shadowing: Why Are Elements Arranged This Way? | LESSON 4-The Periodic Table | Science in English - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Why are elements arranged this way?
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Take a look at the periodic table.
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There are many chemical elements, but they are not arranged randomly.
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Look at the horizontal rows, and then look at the vertical columns.
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What do you notice?
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Can you see a pattern?
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Let's find out why elements are arranged this way.
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Welcome to lesson four, an overview of the periodic table.
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In this lesson, we'll learn how chemical elements are arranged.
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We'll also explore element squares, periods, and groups.
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Finally, we'll use the periodic table to identify metals, non -metals, and noble gases.
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Alright, let's get started.
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First, let's look at our learning objectives.
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By the end of this lesson, you should be able to do three things.
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First, describe the principles tables used to arrange chemical elements.
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Second, identify information in an element square, and explain periods and groups.
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Third, use the periodic table to identify metals, nonmetals, and noble gases.
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Keep these objectives in mind as we go through the lesson.
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Now, let's begin.
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How are elements arranged?
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Let's take a closer look at the periodic table.
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The first principle is that elements are arranged in order of increasing nuclear charge.
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Next, let's look at periods.
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Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
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Now, what about groups?
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Elements in the same group A have similar chemical properties.
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Notice the pattern.
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The periodic table helps us understand the relationships between elements.
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Now, let's look at an element square.
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Take a look at the element square for oxygen.
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At the top, we can see the atomic number.
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It is 8.
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The chemical symbol is O, and the element name name is oxygen.
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The atomic mass shown here is 16.
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So, one element square gives us several important pieces of information.
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Can you point to the atomic number?
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What about the chemical symbol?
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Can you find the element name and the atomic mass?
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Good job!
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Now, let's look at periods and groups.
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Let's start with periods.
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A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table.
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The period number tells us the number of electron shells in an atom of an element in that period.
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Now let's look at groups.
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A group is a vertical column.
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For the group A elements studied in this lesson, the group number corresponds to the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
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Take a look at the diagram.
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Can you identify a period?
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Now, can you identify a group?
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Excellent.
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Let's move on to the different categories of elements.
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The periodic table helps us identify different categories of elements.
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First, let's look at metals.
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Examples include iron, copper, and aluminium.
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Next, we have nonmetals.
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Examples include oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine.
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Finally, let's look at noble gases.
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These include helium, neon, and argon.
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Notice that these categories occupy different regions of the periodic table.
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Now, let's use the table to classify some elements.
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Alright, it's your turn.
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Take a look at these symbols, F -E -O -N -E -C -U -C -L and H -E.
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First, find each element on the periodic table.
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Next, identify its period and group.
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Then, classify it as a metal, a non -metal, or a noble gas.
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Now, work with a partner and explain your answers.
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Remember, don't just give the answer.
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Explain how you used the periodic table.
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Excellent work.
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Let's review the key ideas.
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Finally, let's review what we've learned today.
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First, elements are arranged in order of increasing nuclear charge.
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Second, the periodic table has periods and groups.
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A period is a horizontal row.
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and a group is a vertical column.
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Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
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Elements in the same group A have similar chemical properties.
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Finally, we can use the periodic table to identify metals, nonmetals, and noble gases.
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Before we finish, think about this question.
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Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
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Think about the electrons in the outermost shell.
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Remember, the periodic table is more than a list of elements.
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It helps us understand patterns and relationships between them.
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Great job today.
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Keep practicing your science English, and I'll see you in the next lesson.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Why Are Elements Arranged This Way?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: element, table, periodic, period, identify. Este vídeo tem 85 frases e 697 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:41. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 123 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| element substantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | fundamento |
| periodic adjetivo | /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/ | periódico |
| arrange verbo | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ | arranjar, organizar |
| lesson substantivo | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | lição |
| shell substantivo | /ʃɛl/ | concha |
| noble adjetivo | /ˈnoʊbəl/ | nobre |
| atomic adjetivo | /əˈtɑː.mɪk/ | atômico, atómico |
| symbol substantivo | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | símbolo |
| oxygen substantivo | /ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/ | oxigênio, oxigénio |
| vertical adjetivo | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | vertical |
| horizontal adjetivo | /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/ | horizontal |
| electron substantivo | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ | elétron, eletrão |
| objective substantivo | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | objetivo |
| principle substantivo | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | princípio |
| column substantivo | /ˈkɒləm/ | coluna |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | descobrir |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- What do you notice?
- Can you see a pattern?
- Let's find out why elements are arranged this way.
- Can you point to the atomic number?
- Can you identify a period?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are not arranged · are arranged |
| Futuro com “will” will + verbo — uma decisão, promessa ou previsão | we'll learn · We'll also explore · we'll use |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 6 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we'll, don't, I'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: periodic /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, aluminium /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: element /ˈɛləmənt/, periodic /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/, atomic /əˈtɑː.mɪk/, correspond /ˌkoɹəˈspɑnd/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: shell /ʃɛl/, noble /ˈnoʊbəl/, symbol /ˈsɪmbəl/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como element, periodic, arrange.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.