Prática de Shadowing: Why Plastic Straws Suck - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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You've probably seen this video.
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That's a plastic straw being pulled out of a sea turtle's nose.
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The video went viral in 2015, sparking a public outcry to, quote, say no to plastic straws.
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And over the years, the campaign has gained traction.
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Starbucks says by 2020 it will eliminate plastic straws, pivoting to biodegradable straws and a newly designed lid.
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McDonald's UK, American Airlines, and Marriott hotels have all announced similar changes.
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So why do plastic straws suck?
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Starbucks says, quote, "...one of the major issues with plastic straws is
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that they are too small and lightweight to be captured in modern recycling equipment."
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We reached out to various recycling plants across North America to see if that was true.
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While some facilities told us they do recycle straws, two of the largest recycling facilities in the U.S.
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said its machines don't always catch straws.
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So they end up in the trash and eventually in landfills. So frustrating.
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I know.
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Another place straws tend to end up?
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Beaches.
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Dr. George Leonard is the chief scientist for Ocean Conservancy.
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The data from our 2017 International Coastal Cleanup,
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and there were 643,000 plastic straws that were picked up around beaches and waterways all over the world.
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To limit the use of straws, Starbucks introduced a new lid that resembles a sippy cup.
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These new lids are made from polypropylene, which, according to Starbucks, can be widely recycled.
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But there's one major problem.
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You know, the objective really was to phase out straws because they're not recyclable.
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The shift to this lid really increases the amount of plastic that Starbucks is using per cut.
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I think it could be part of a solution, but I don't think it's the whole picture.
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Some critics have pointed out that straws only make up a fraction of our plastic waste.
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So why is everyone so worked up about them?
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I think straws are a bit of a poster child here
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for the bigger question of society's kind of over-reliance on single-use plastics
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and the fact that a lot of this stuff is ending up in our marine environment.
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All plastics ultimately sort of break down and fracture into smaller
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and smaller bits of plastic as a result of being tossed around by the waves
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and then by the fact that sunlight basically makes the plastic brittle.
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And so they create what we call microplastics.
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We're finding these flecks of plastic in everything from the forage fish
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that are at the base of the food web up through the kinds of fish
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that we end up putting on our dinner plate.
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If we get the kind of global plastic users
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and the major brands like Starbucks and some of these other companies like Coca-Cola
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that everybody knows about to really take ownership of their contribution to this problem and alter their business practices,
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they can be real leaders here and they can bring the rest of the plastic supply chain along with them.
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So how do we start?
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We need to be more thoughtful about how we use plastic.
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We do know that there's about 8 million metric tons of plastic overall
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that ends up in the world's oceans every year
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and that's kind of thought to be one garbage truck worth you know per mile a beach per day.
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About half of that plastic comes from countries in Southeast Asia that don't have formal waste management systems.
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Much of their local waste is disposed in sort of informal ways whether it's behind a house
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or at a community dump which is essentially sort of an open pit
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or in in some cases directly dumped into the ocean itself.
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In countries like the U.S., plastic can also be swept down drains into rivers leading to the sea.
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It can be flushed down the toilet or left behind by beach goers.
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So what should we be doing differently?
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For starters, pay closer attention to your personal habits.
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Get into the habit of bringing our own cup, fork, bag, straw.
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That's what I have in my bag at all times.
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Stop flushing things other than human waste and toilet paper down the toilet.
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And remember, anything that goes down the toilet, drain, or into sewers goes to the ocean.
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All drains lead to the ocean, kid.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Why Plastic Straws Suck”. As palavras que mais se repetem: plastic, straw, Starbucks, ocean, lid. Este vídeo tem 59 frases e 718 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:33. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 158 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| straw substantivo | /stɹɔ/ | palha |
| recycle verbo | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | reciclar |
| drain substantivo | /dɹiːn/ | dreno, ralo |
| flush verbo | /ˈflʌʃ/ | dar descarga, puxar descarga |
| dump verbo | /dʌmp/ | largar |
| biodegradable adjetivo | /(ˌ)baɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/ | biodegradável |
| brittle adjetivo | /ˈbɹɪtəl/ | frágil, quebradiço |
| forage substantivo | /ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/ | forragem |
| frustrate verbo | /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/ | frustrar |
| landfill substantivo | /ˈlæn(d).fɪl/ | lixão, aterro sanitário |
| microplastic substantivo | microplástico | |
| recyclable adjetivo | reciclável | |
| waterway substantivo | /ˈwɔːtəweɪ/ | hidrovia |
| dispose verbo | /dɪsˈpoʊz/ | descartar, eliminar |
| sewer substantivo | /ˈsuɚ/ | esgoto |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar | |
| go down verbo | descer | |
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
| pick up verbo | pegar | |
| point out verbo | apontar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | being pulled · be captured · were picked |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | You've probably seen · has gained · have pointed |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 6 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, they're, we're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: flush /ˈflʌʃ/, traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: biodegradable /(ˌ)baɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: dump /dʌmp/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, lightweight /ˈlaɪt.weɪt/, lid /lɪd/, sunlight /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: recycle /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/, brittle /ˈbɹɪtəl/, landfill /ˈlæn(d).fɪl/, resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/, thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfəl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: straw /stɹɔ/, sweep /swiːp/, spark /ˈspɑɹk/, starter /ˈstɑɹ.tɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como straw, recycle, drain.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.