シャドーイング練習: Why Plastic Straws Suck - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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You've probably seen this video.
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That's a plastic straw being pulled out of a sea turtle's nose.
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The video went viral in 2015, sparking a public outcry to, quote, say no to plastic straws.
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And over the years, the campaign has gained traction.
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Starbucks says by 2020 it will eliminate plastic straws, pivoting to biodegradable straws and a newly designed lid.
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McDonald's UK, American Airlines, and Marriott hotels have all announced similar changes.
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So why do plastic straws suck?
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Starbucks says, quote, "...one of the major issues with plastic straws is
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that they are too small and lightweight to be captured in modern recycling equipment."
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We reached out to various recycling plants across North America to see if that was true.
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While some facilities told us they do recycle straws, two of the largest recycling facilities in the U.S.
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said its machines don't always catch straws.
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So they end up in the trash and eventually in landfills. So frustrating.
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I know.
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Another place straws tend to end up?
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Beaches.
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Dr. George Leonard is the chief scientist for Ocean Conservancy.
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The data from our 2017 International Coastal Cleanup,
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and there were 643,000 plastic straws that were picked up around beaches and waterways all over the world.
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To limit the use of straws, Starbucks introduced a new lid that resembles a sippy cup.
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These new lids are made from polypropylene, which, according to Starbucks, can be widely recycled.
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But there's one major problem.
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You know, the objective really was to phase out straws because they're not recyclable.
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The shift to this lid really increases the amount of plastic that Starbucks is using per cut.
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I think it could be part of a solution, but I don't think it's the whole picture.
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Some critics have pointed out that straws only make up a fraction of our plastic waste.
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So why is everyone so worked up about them?
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I think straws are a bit of a poster child here
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for the bigger question of society's kind of over-reliance on single-use plastics
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and the fact that a lot of this stuff is ending up in our marine environment.
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All plastics ultimately sort of break down and fracture into smaller
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and smaller bits of plastic as a result of being tossed around by the waves
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and then by the fact that sunlight basically makes the plastic brittle.
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And so they create what we call microplastics.
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We're finding these flecks of plastic in everything from the forage fish
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that are at the base of the food web up through the kinds of fish
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that we end up putting on our dinner plate.
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If we get the kind of global plastic users
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and the major brands like Starbucks and some of these other companies like Coca-Cola
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that everybody knows about to really take ownership of their contribution to this problem and alter their business practices,
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they can be real leaders here and they can bring the rest of the plastic supply chain along with them.
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So how do we start?
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We need to be more thoughtful about how we use plastic.
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We do know that there's about 8 million metric tons of plastic overall
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that ends up in the world's oceans every year
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and that's kind of thought to be one garbage truck worth you know per mile a beach per day.
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About half of that plastic comes from countries in Southeast Asia that don't have formal waste management systems.
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Much of their local waste is disposed in sort of informal ways whether it's behind a house
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or at a community dump which is essentially sort of an open pit
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or in in some cases directly dumped into the ocean itself.
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In countries like the U.S., plastic can also be swept down drains into rivers leading to the sea.
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It can be flushed down the toilet or left behind by beach goers.
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So what should we be doing differently?
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For starters, pay closer attention to your personal habits.
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Get into the habit of bringing our own cup, fork, bag, straw.
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That's what I have in my bag at all times.
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Stop flushing things other than human waste and toilet paper down the toilet.
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And remember, anything that goes down the toilet, drain, or into sewers goes to the ocean.
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All drains lead to the ocean, kid.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Why Plastic Straws Suck」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：plastic, straw, Starbucks, ocean, lid。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が59文、単語が718語あります。 音声の長さは4:33です。 話す速さは1分あたり約158語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| straw 名詞 | /stɹɔ/ | 藁, ワラ |
| recycle 動詞 | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | 再生する, リサイクルする |
| forage 名詞 | /ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 秣 |
| microplastic 名詞 | マイクロプラスチック | |
| polypropylene 名詞 | ポリプロピレン | |
| waterway 名詞 | /ˈwɔːtəweɪ/ | 水路 |
| sewer 名詞 | /ˈsuɚ/ | 下水道 |
| fracture 名詞 | /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/ | 骨折 |
| resemble 動詞 | /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/ | 似ている |
| altar 名詞 | /ˈɔl.tɚ/ | 祭壇 |
| lid 名詞 | /lɪd/ | 蓋 |
| sunlight 名詞 | /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ | 日光, 太陽光 |
| informal 形容詞 | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | 非公式の, 日常の |
| critic 名詞 | /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ | 批評家, 評論家 |
| fraction 名詞 | /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ | 断片 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| go down 動詞 | 降りる, 降下する |
| leave behind 動詞 | 置き忘れる |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾う, 拾い上げる |
| point out 動詞 | 指す, 指し示す |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | being pulled · be captured · were picked |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | You've probably seen · has gained · have pointed |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, they're, we'reなど、短縮形や弱形を6回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: flush /ˈflʌʃ/, traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: biodegradable /(ˌ)baɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: recycle /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/, biodegradable /(ˌ)baɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/, brittle /ˈbɹɪtəl/, resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/, reliance /ɹɪˈlaɪ.əns/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flush /ˈflʌʃ/, forage /ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, landfill /ˈlæn(d).fɪl/, fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: straw /stɹɔ/, drain /dɹiːn/, flush /ˈflʌʃ/, dump /dʌmp/, brittle /ˈbɹɪtəl/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。straw, recycle, forageなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。