Практика Shadowing: International Trade Explained - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
1
Every day, a network of ships, trucks and planes move massive quantities of goods around the world.
2
Your car might come from South Korea, and your T-shirt from Bangladesh.
3
All countries export, sell products and services abroad and import buy goods and services from foreign trading partners.
4
These goods are manufactured items or agricultural commodities. Services, a dynamic and growing part of trade, refer to all intangible goods such as advertising and telecommunication.
5
But the trade network is more complex than sellers and buyers.
6
The system of worldwide trade is an intricate web in which lengthy supply chains allow products to be sourced, assembled, packaged and sold in different parts of the world.
7
The materials for your phone or shoes or the tuna fish you had for lunch might have been produced in one country, processed in another country, assembled in a third country and packaged somewhere else.
8
All before getting to your local store, how does this make sense?
9
Why can't countries just make their own phones, shoes or tuna fish and provide more jobs in business domestically?
10
Before the 19th century, most European countries tried to do just that prioritizing self-sufficiency in a system called mercantilism.
11
Mercantilism aimed to maximize exports, minimize imports, and increase the country's supply of gold.
12
This system led to strict tariffs, or taxes on imports, as a way to not only discourage bringing in goods from abroad, but profit off it.
13
Mercantilism created barriers to international trade.
14
Countries aim to produce as much as possible on their own, including things they weren't able to make efficiently.
15
In the late 18th century, so-called classical economists refuted these long held beliefs, championing the idea that societies should trade with one another to be more successful because of comparative advantage.
16
The idea that when countries focus on making things, they're comparatively good at an import, the rest everyone benefits.
17
This is known as specialization, and when countries don't have to spend time and resources producing textiles or wine, for example, there's more room for them to innovate and create entirely new products.
18
These classical economists argued that it was counterproductive to judge a country's power on how much gold it could amass.
19
Today, we measure countries in economies on productivity their ability to utilize their limited resources for maximum value.
20
This metric is known as Gross Domestic Product, which totals the sum of all the final goods and services a country produces in a year.
21
Each country's human, physical, technological and financial resources determine what that country can produce efficiently and successfully.
22
Costa Rica excels at exporting pineapples and coffee, while Germany exports millions of cars and computers. With the acceptance of these new ideas.
23
International trade took off.
24
Measuring GDP instead of just gold helped boost trade and grow economies.
25
At the same time, advances in technology and travel made remote markets much more accessible.
26
Massive container ships, cargo planes and cheap, instantaneous communication connected the world's producers with millions of new customers.
27
And after World War Two, the newly formed United Nations created the General Agreement on Tariffs and trade, or get this agreement, substantially lowered trade barriers like tariffs and created rules to dictate how countries should trade freely.
28
The GATT became the World Trade Organization in 1995 and tried to eliminate even more obstacles to keep up with the changing world.
29
The WTO expanded the definition of trade to include not just goods but services, and to create rules governing intellectual property such as copyright or a patent.
30
The WTO is also an arena for countries to hammer out the rules and regulations of international trade and lodge complaints if they believe those rules aren't followed.
31
According to the principle of comparative advantage, if one country can't sell a high quality product at a reasonable price point or new technology, make the business uncompetitive, It will not succeed.
32
Its stores or factories might be forced to close and jobs will be lost.
33
That country must then adjust its economy around something it can be comparatively good at.
34
This is the nature of international trade.
35
However, some countries and industries are accused of skirting the rules of international trade, and that's where the WTO tries to come in.
36
For example, in the United States, labor unions argue the WTO doesn't adequately protect U.S.
37
wages from being undercut by unfair trade practices in China.
38
And some developing countries say the WTO rules don't take into consideration their unique circumstances.
39
For example, agricultural subsidies provided by wealthy governments make it hard for sellers from smaller or poorer countries to reasonably export their crops to those countries.
40
The WTO has failed to solve these problems.
41
They are especially hard to address because changes to the rules require consensus among the WTO's 164 member countries.
42
Some countries forge bilateral and regional trade agreements to address their particular needs and trade strategies.
43
In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement, known as NAFTA, was designed to facilitate more trade among the United States, Mexico and Canada.
44
NAFTA provided a blueprint for similar types of agreements between other countries.
45
From just 1990 to 2015, world trade volume increased more than fivefold from 3.5 trillion to 19 trillion.
46
International trade has created a tightly interconnected world economy that's given more people than ever access to cheaper and better goods and services.
47
It's created millions of jobs and strengthened international connections leading to global stability.
48
At the same time, trade can hurt those individuals, companies and communities where imports make it impossible for local firms to compete against better or cheaper goods from somewhere else.
49
Trade will inevitably create winners and losers, but it is inseparable from modern life.
50
The challenge, then, for policymakers is to assist those who have been disadvantaged with support and the training for new jobs so everyone can continue to benefit from the system that is given more choices to consumers and more work for producers in every corner of the world.
✨ Рекомендуемое видео
C112
43 предложений
Specialization and Trade: Crash Course Economics #2
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B24
18 предложений
15 tháng 9, 2026
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B23
34 предложений
International Business Explained: Why Go International?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
232 предложений
Why Europe's GDP Growth Is Crippling Its Economy
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C1411 предложений
Trade Liquidity Like the Pros: Stop Guessing Entries With Inducement and Market Structure
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
44 предложений
The Tribute System: The new World Order
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
C18
34 предложений
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Cities, Housing and Transport
American AccentBritish AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
200 предложений
Keir Starmer’s Economic Architect Exposes Britain's Broken Financial Model | Mariana Mazzucato
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C12
34 предложений
Manufacturing Defined - What Is Manufacturing?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
176 предложений
Every Networking Concept Explained | Networking 101 (2026)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
197 предложений
Why Trillions of Foreign Aid Hasn’t Solved Poverty
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
230 предложений
The Liberalism to Fascism Pipeline (Neoliberalism Explained)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «International Trade Explained». Чаще всего повторяются слова: trade, countries, rules, Wto, import. В этом видео 50 предложений и 993 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:31. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 152 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| mercantilism существительное | /ˈmɝkəntɪlɪzəm/ | меркантилизм |
| tariff существительное | /ˈtæɹəf/ | тари́ф, по́шлина |
| comparatively наречие | /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪvli/ | сравни́тельно |
| tuna существительное | /ˈtjuː.nə/ | туне́ц |
| assemble глагол | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | собира́ть, собра́ть |
| comparative прилагательное | /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/ | сравни́тельный |
| efficiently наречие | эффекти́вно | |
| economist существительное | /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ | экономи́ст, экономи́стка |
| seller существительное | /ˈsɛlɚ/ | продаве́ц, продавщи́ца |
| blueprint существительное | /ˈbluːˌpɹɪnt/ | диазоти́пия, диазогра́фия |
| counterproductive прилагательное | /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/ | контрпродукти́вный |
| inseparable прилагательное | /inˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/ | неотдели́мый, неразлу́чный |
| instantaneous прилагательное | /ɪnstənˈteɪni.əs/ | мгнове́нный, момента́льный |
| intangible прилагательное | /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ | неосяза́емый, неулови́мый |
| interconnect глагол | /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/ | свя́зывать, связа́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| take off глагол | снима́ть, снять |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are manufactured · be sourced · have been produced |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has failed · has created · have been disadvantaged |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 8 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например can't, don't, aren't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: specialization [ˌspɛʃəlaɪ̯ˈzeɪ̯ʃn̩], telecommunication /ˌtɛləkəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: mercantilism /ˈmɝkəntɪlɪzəm/, comparatively /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪvli/, comparative /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/, economist /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: comparative /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/, discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как mercantilism, tariff, comparatively.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.