Практика Shadowing: Understanding the Elements of Design | Graphic Design Basic - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Design is an intricate, fun and exciting business.
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There's a lot to learn, do and consider when you're a designer.
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Technology is constantly evolving and new trends are coming at you rapid fire.
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It's what makes design exciting.
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This lesson will take you through the core elements of design to give you a head start in this creative environment.
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We're going to explore how a dot, line, shape, form, tone, texture, color, and text are the basic building blocks of art and design.
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Understand these elements and you'll understand how art and design are fundamentally made.
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So we'll begin with the simplest of the simple, the dot.
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A dot is a dot.
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In design you might call it a point.
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A dot can't be anything else and you can't break it down further.
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This might seem basic but what if we added a second dot?
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Now we're looking at a whole scenario.
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Is it dramatic?
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Are they awkwardly touching?
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All of a sudden we have design decisions to make.
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What if we try to connect the dot?
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That's exactly where we hit our second element, the line.
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A line can be defined as a linear mark.
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It might be wavy to create a sense of movement, or maybe it's straight, which would look pretty neat.
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Lines are everywhere, even in the word line itself.
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We can place lines strategically to lead eyes toward a focal point.
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This means directing the focus towards a particular design element.
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We call these leading lines, and they control the way viewers look at our entire design.
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Here, the designer has positioned lines in a zig
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What do you first notice in this design?
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And where do your eyes want to move to next?
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You can't help but follow the line, can you?
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Bold or contrasting lines also help your design stand out.
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Take a look at how these outline illustrations use white lines on a contrasting background.
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Now we're going to show you how a series of lines can come together to create a shape.
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When a line comes full circle, you get, well, a circle that's a type of shape.
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Remember the outlined illustration?
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Those lines were curved and connected to create two -dimensional shapes.
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A 2D shape is a flat object with no depth.
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Those outlined shapes represented familiar objects such as a lighthouse, camera, and torch.
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But a shape can also be simpler than a lighthouse.
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Even a basic rectangle could be used to make a design stand out.
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It could act as an outline that borders around a heading or filled in to make a solid frame.
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When we start to change the lines and tones that surround our shapes we can turn them into objects that look 3D.
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This brings us to form.
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A shape as simple as a square can be turned into a cube.
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The word for this is form and we use elements like shadow, tone and texture to create dimension.
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The size and placement of a shadow is one way to bring form to a flat shape.
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Take a look at the way these squares, which started out 2D, have been stretched into 3D objects.
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With their new depth, width, and height, these squares now seem to tower off the page.
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We see form in other simple shapes.
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With shadows, a circle can become a sphere, and a triangle can become a pyramid.
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When we talk about shadows, we also talk about tone.
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At its simplest, tone is how bright or dark a color can be.
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For example, a shadow will usually be illustrated in a darker tone compared to the object it surrounds.
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In this design, we see many tones of the color blue.
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These tones help us to understand what's being shown and allow us to view the picture from a certain perspective.
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Here, the lighter tones of blue imply a moon reflecting over the sea.
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The darker tones imply backs of leaves that frame the picture.
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Don't you feel like you're standing in the shadows, peeping out from behind the branches?
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Texture helps an illustration feel realistic.
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We use the word feel because texture can remind us of the tactile nature of rough stone or woven canvas.
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Imagine how it would feel to touch these things.
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Texture brings feelings to your work.
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Imagine a vintage feeling, calm feeling, or modern feeling.
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Texture can be used in any part of your design.
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In this design, the texture appears faded and worn.
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It complements the retro style of the words to give an older, authentic feel.
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In this way, it might send the message that this brand is reliable and long -lasting.
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Color will be one of your biggest design choices.
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This is because color palettes send powerful messages and associations.
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For example, in some cultures, white has long been used to represent peace and purity.
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Red, on the other hand, could represent passion
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and power blue might feel calm as water while yellow brings a burst of positivity
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but colors will rarely stand alone that's why we have a color wheel to show us
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which colors look great
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when they're side by side a color wheel will help you find different combinations
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that make your design look right for its intention color is a big element
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and one that'll take time to understand it's worth the effort good color palettes can make a design pop
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and grab the audience's attention
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that's why we go into greater detail in another lesson remember any part of your design can have color
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which brings us to our final element text it's not just what you say
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but how you say it the design color
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and placement of your text can be just as important as the words
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and letters themselves we use typography to describe the shapes forms and lines that make up a letter.
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While there are endless possibilities in the world of typography, you'll typically find these styles fall under two categories, serif and sans serif.
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Serif adds a few little lines to the edges of letters.
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It's a great option for print projects because it's easy to read.
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Sans serif literally means without serif, so we take those little lines away to get a cleaner shape.
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These smoother edges look good when you're publishing on the web, but really it comes down to you and the style you're after.
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There's a lot to learn when it comes to typography.
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But for now, we just need to acknowledge it's an important element of design.
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Now we know the most basic elements.
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Try to isolate individual elements when you look at artwork or design.
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See if you can train your eyes to pull apart designs and dissect them into individual elements.
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If you can pull something apart, you can put it back together in infinite ways.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Understanding the Elements of Design». Чаще всего повторяются слова: design, shape, color, element, tone. В этом видео 92 предложений и 1144 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:57. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 165 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| element существительное | /ˈɛləmənt/ | элеме́нт, звено́ |
| tone существительное | /ˈtəʊn/ | тон |
| texture существительное | /ˈtɛkst͡ʃə(ɹ)/ | строе́ние, структу́ра |
| shadow существительное | /ˈʃædəʊ̯/ | тень |
| outline существительное | /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ | ко́нтур, очерта́ние |
| illustration существительное | /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/ | иллюстри́рование |
| lesson существительное | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | уро́к, ле́кция |
| contrast существительное | /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ | контра́ст |
| designer существительное | /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ | диза́йнер |
| connect глагол | /kəˈnɛkt/ | свя́зывать, связа́ть |
| placement существительное | /ˈpleɪ̯smənt/ | размеще́ние |
| imply глагол | /ɪmˈplaɪ/ | предполага́ть |
| surround глагол | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | окружа́ть, окружи́ть |
| palette существительное | /ˈpælɪt/ | пали́тра |
| lighthouse существительное | /ˈlaɪthaʊs/ | мая́к |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| come down to глагол | спадать до | |
| make up глагол | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | составля́ть, соста́вить |
| pull apart глагол | разнима́ть, разня́ть |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- This might seem basic, but what if we added a second dot?
- What if we try to connect the dot?
- What do you first notice in this design?
- You can't help but follow the line, can you?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are fundamentally made · can be defined · were curved |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has positioned · have been stretched |
| Вероятность с «might / may» might/may + глагол — возможно, но не точно | might call · might seem · might be |
| Превосходная степень the -est / the most … — самое большое или малое в группе | the simplest · its simplest · your biggest |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 16 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, can't, we're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: smooth /smuːð/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, width /ˈwɪtθ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, passion /ˈpæʃən/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: illustration /ˌɪləsˈtɹeɪ̯ʃən/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/, positivity /ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: artwork /ˈɑɹtˌwɝk/, width /ˈwɪtθ/, weave /wiːv/, wavy /ˈweɪvi/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, rapid /ˈɹæp.ɪd/, remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/, bold /ˈbəʊld/, acknowledge /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как element, tone, texture.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.