ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Climate Change Debate | Kriti Joshi | Opposition
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And now look to Kritty Joshi, Hertford College, to open the case with or without beatboxing for the opposition.
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Thank you Mr President.
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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times one of the most iconic quotes of English literature, and also from one of my favorite novels.
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Tonight, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to share with you briefly not a tale of two cities, but a tale of two planets.
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Earth and Venus are essentially the same size, essentially the same distance from the Sun, and both have exactly the same amount of carbon.
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The difference is that over time on Earth, the carbon has been trapped in the ground in the form of coal, oil, natural gas, whereas on Venus most of the carbon is in the atmosphere.
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The difference is that on Earth the average temperature is around 50 degrees whereas on Venus it is around 850 degrees.
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Not just because it's slightly closer to the Sun.
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Mercury is the closest to the Sun and is around three times cooler than Venus.
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This is vaguely relevant to our current strategy of especially developing nations of taking as much ground -based carbon
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and ejecting it into the atmosphere.
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Ladies and gentlemen, we must responsibly consider what we will be debating over tonight.
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The climate crisis is something where the consequences are not local, they are global.
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It affects all of us, and particularly, as I hope to show you in the next few minutes, the developing nations themselves.
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When Shashi Tharoor came to address the union, he stated that the industrialization of the West was based on the de -industrialization of countries like India, and I agree.
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But we have to see what's at stake here.
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The climate crisis is causing reduced growing seasons, changing range of disease, droughts, species extensions, severe storms.
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If anything, as Jack said, the West owe it to developing nations such as India to work together, share technologies and strategies
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that can help them not mirror the same mistakes the British made in the Industrial Revolution of the 20th century.
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But before I take us further into this nightmare on St. Michael's Street, it falls upon me to introduce the members of the opposition.
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I mean, I tried.
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We have just had the pleasure of hearing Jack Woolett's fine speech.
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Jack, who studies engineering at Pembroke College, is one of the most genuine and kind people that I know
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and became a very close friend of mine during the two whole days he spent at the union over the back.
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So, I struggled to find anything particularly juicy from his friends to bring up tonight.
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Jack your speech was great
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but I will have to explain to my family in India who will listen to this debate on audible
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that the lower voice on the recording is actually mine next
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in proposition we have Peter Lilly who is a British Conservative
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Party politician who has been a member of Parliament since 1983 he has served as Secretary of State for trade
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and industry under Margaret thatcher and currently serves on the environmental audit select committee
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and is extremely qualified to speak on this debate i look
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forward to hearing your thoughts on this very current topic
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and finally we will have the pleasure of hearing from dr
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paul oquist who has served as a minister of the government of nicaragua
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and secretary of public policy he's been all over the world working in colombia vietnam the philippines
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and as a leading expert on climate change therefore i'm very
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excited to hear you speak later on this evening mr president these are your speakers and they are
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most welcome so I guess the first question is do the developing countries need to change Jack claimed
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that India ranked 22nd with respect to emissions well the last time I was in India
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which was in January I was sitting with my cousin on a veranda
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and she was painting the garden point of information right go The ranking wasn't omissions, the ranking is for progress towards changing.
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Right, fine.
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I accept that.
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Misquote of your statistic, but it still applies to my case.
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She's three years old, my cousin, so she did like the classic thing of with her painting, she left out the sky and I as a proud art A -level student said to her, you know, why don't you just fill this whole place,
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this white space here with colour?
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And she literally turns to me and she's like, Krithi, I don't have enough brown.
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And I'm like, okay, the Indian sky is not blue, it's grey.
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It's opaque.
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You can literally go outside and feel the pollution filling your lungs.
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We think of the sky as a vast, limitless expanse, but the reality is it's just a thin shell
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which continues to crack under the blunt hammer of our daily emissions.
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The accumulated amount of man -made global warming pollution
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that is up in the atmosphere in that thin shell is trapping the energy equivalent of 400 ,000 Hiroshima class atomic bombs,
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exploding every 24 hours, 365 days a year.
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Just picture that.
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That is a lot of heat.
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And it's mostly in our oceans, resulting in newer, more catastrophic storms than we have ever seen before.
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The effect is everywhere.
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Houston, last July, it rained for two days, 162 billion gallons of water.
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That's someone picking up the Niagara Falls and putting it, allowing it to flow for two days on top of a very populated city.
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Of course, there are devastating results.
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For example, George Foreman's delayed visit to the Union.
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I mean, pretty devastating.
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Now, 14 of the 16 years that have comprised the 21st century have broken temperature records.
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The global warming is resulting in microbial diseases from countries around
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the equator to spread to Western countries in higher latitudes
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that previously sustained temperatures that were cool enough to be hostile to these diseases.
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While places like North America and Britain have better public health systems, women in some regions of South America advised not to get pregnant for two years.
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That is a red flag for something
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that we need to realize is a serious problem that requires a global effort towards fixing.
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I'll stop talking about how terrifying the situation really is
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because I presume that I've scared you all enough thus far
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and if you're not scared then you don't really understand where we are as a species.
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The fact of the matter is from an economic perspective the cost of the climate crisis is building up.
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Central bankers like Governor Mark Carney, says that the vast majority of the carbon reserves are unburnable.
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This is a great risk to global economy.
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And if developing nations are not held to strict environmental standards now, they will develop their infrastructure around unsustainable practices.
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Thus, to prevent the locking in of outdated environmental actions, equal environmental standards must be enforced internationally.
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The proposition will take offense at the word impose.
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There is an alternative of working together with these developing nations to provide a more sustainable set of environmental standards.
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However, in the history of global warming crisis, humans have been incredibly short -sighted.
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Leaders of industrializing countries will place their country's immediate priorities before the vague, undefined future of climate change in this world.
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This means that the cheapest, fastest method of industrialization will be more preferable to one that is possibly slower, but in the long term, more safe for the environment as a whole.
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We cannot afford to look locally anymore.
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We have to look at the big picture.
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In a report by the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development,
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it is argued that the potential economic and social impacts of environmental degradation are particularly serious for developing countries,
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given their dependence on natural resources for economic growth and their vulnerability to energy, food, water security, climate change, and extreme weather risks.
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Populations in developing nations are more reliant upon, connected to, and impacted by the environment than populations in the developed world
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the most at -risk populations for negative impacts from environmental degradation are the rural poor
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and developing nations proponents of equal environmental standards for developing nations argue
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that it is in the best interest of developing nations to
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put in place strict environmental policies in order to best protect their populations
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so I can say with the definitive stance
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that environmental standards indeed should be imposed but I am in no way suggesting
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that the West have a right to impose these standards on developing nations and just leave them to manage it alone.
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The fact of the matter is that most of these nations lack the infrastructure
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and expertise to implement the standards that are likely to be set.
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Many developing countries also have established some form of governmental structure that seeks to address their environmental problems.
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However, there are inherent barriers within these governments such as corruption, bureaucratic inefficiencies and lack of political willingness that are preventing visible differences from being seen,
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which is a classic case study would be my home country, India.
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And all the while, our world is dying.
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Of course, it is Western nations that have capitalized on industrial technology that have incurred these problems.
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They did it first.
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So it may well be thought of hypocritical
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of Western nations to demand developing nations who are struggling to improve their economies to maintain those standards
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that will probably hinder their economic progress.
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But we need to tackle this problem.
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If anything, the environmental standards placed on developing countries should serve as the global baseline,
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setting a precedent for more industrialized countries to take the lead in the path to a sustainable future.
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It makes no sense to say the West have industrialized irresponsibly
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and therefore the developing nations are allowed to just go ahead and do so as well.
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These nations have negatively contributed to the environment through high populations, draining resources and heavy pollution causing havoc all over the planet.
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Climate change is a global problem and hence it is a global duty.
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Developing nations have the least incentive to commit to this
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which is why the West must come in and aid in any way
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that they can to ensure that there is a safe environmental standards that are everywhere.
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There is no denying climate change is a serious threat.
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If we continue at the rate that we're going at, Bangladesh, the most crowded nation on earth, is set to submerge under the oceans by the end of this century.
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All of us sitting here in this chamber today.
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will probably still be alive to witness the fate of 150 million people as the sea reclaims the land on
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which they depend.
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It doesn't matter how developed or undeveloped this country is.
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There is no country.
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We must oppose this motion.
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The real debate here is not whether or not there should be environmental standards, but how they're implemented and imposed.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 130 ประโยค และ 1838 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 10:30 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 175 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| atmosphere คำนาม | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | บรรยากาศ |
| pollution คำนาม | /pəˈluʃən/ | มลภาวะ, มลพิษ |
| vast คำคุณศัพท์ | /væst/ | ว้างเวิ้ง, ไพศาล |
| thin คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈθɪn/ | บาง |
| argue คำกริยา | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | เถียง, ถก |
| infrastructure คำนาม | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน |
| cousin คำนาม | /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ | ลูกพี่ลูกน้อง |
| shell คำนาม | /ʃɛl/ | กระดอง, เปลือก |
| trap คำนาม | /tɹæp/ | กับ, กับดัก |
| tale คำนาม | /ˈteɪl/ | นิทาน, อาขยาน |
| proposition คำนาม | /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/ | ประพจน์ |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| mirror คำนาม | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | กระจก, กระจกเงา |
| select คำกริยา | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | คัดเลือก |
| priority คำนาม | /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ | สิทธิไปก่อน, ความสำคัญ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| bring up คำกริยา | เลี้ยงดู, ฟูมฟัก |
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 12 ครั้ง เช่น don't, I'm, doesn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thin /ˈθɪn/, thatcher /ˈθæt͡ʃ.ɚ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shell /ʃɛl/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง atmosphere, pollution, vast เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has been trapped · have just had · has been |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | has been trapped · was based · are not held |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ