ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: my first time… in Tokyo Japan
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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Oh No!
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I thought it was a hard -boiled egg!
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Ooh, yummy!
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Wait, you don't swallow it?
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It was water!
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Hey guys, what's up?
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Sarah Safari here, and we're back at it with another YouTube video.
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We are currently in Tokyo, Japan.
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Super exciting.
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Okay, I feel like a nuisance in the US filming, now I feel like a total, total nuisance in degenerate filming, because everyone's so quiet and polite.
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Our first stop, 7 -Eleven, and we're gonna see if it lives up to the hype.
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We got in last night, yes I'm jet -lagged, but we're gonna try a little bit of everything.
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And I think the thing with Japan is, see if I were to leave my umbrella out in LA, I think it'd get stolen.
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But I think it's safe here.
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Ooh, 7 -Eleven socks?
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That's the first thing I saw when I came here.
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Nice can we show everyone you're fit oh yeah guys we
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need you to appreciate my fit this is good for me we did my big one a supreme jersey
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that i ordered online no i'm totally lying i got this in london with ali
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and these jeans i got yesterday last night in japan
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and my tims of course let's see what they have oh
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my god they don't have celsius what am i gonna do sorry celsius
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but i'm gonna have to drink something else i guess okay
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i think this is the section we want to be in i drink this That's like a protein shake
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Do you like strawberries this is big like these like sandwiches like fruit cream sandwiches Don't be scared
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You warm it up.
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I think so.
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Yeah, but I got one of these right here and then you warmed it up Let's see.
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Chicken vegetable kippah.
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Okay, maybe I'll try this.
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Chocolate sprinkles whipped cream.
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Ooh, fun.
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Okay, they don't have this in America.
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Oh, hard boiled egg.
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Nice.
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Maybe I'll try this.
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I'll see what the hype is about the eggs.
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What else can I try here?
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Ice cream for breakfast?
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Oh, this is what he was talking about, I think.
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Okay, I'll try this.
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That looks fire.
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This looks insane.
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Don't give yourself a stomachache, please.
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We have all day.
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You're telling me I'm not getting food poisoning from that?
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chocolate croissant okay i'll try this you just have straight sugar
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in your hands i have one hard boiled egg oh
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that looks fun donut holes with whipped cream i do have
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straight sugar this is gonna make you feel like bro i'll just take a bite of everything i always say
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that and i can never control myself hi guys don't worry we'll be back to try all of the candy
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okay first off this sprinkled whipped cream little bread thing i've
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seen these in different variations all over tiktok hi do you guys want a bite okay
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it's good it's straight sugar the whipped cream's insane though oh
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it's not bad i love how they cut the edges off the bread i know it's
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so satisfying it's actually not bad at all way better than
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i thought get out of here fly dude there's no insects
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to you you're right japan is very clean look at
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that i don't know if that's like an 8am uh like this would probably hit harder
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if it was like late at night okay this is the
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donut hole with whipped cream this is probably good oh yeah chocolate croissants i love a chocolate croissant
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oh my god so good if it was warmed up this one's really good Wait, that was it?
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That's good.
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If it was warm, that would be fire.
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Yeah, trade me back.
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Yeah, this one's good.
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Really good stuff.
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Right here.
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Fire.
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Wait, this one?
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Oh, it was already open.
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Whatever.
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Chris Tren and his friends recommended.
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Get a bite right there.
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Oh, yeah.
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You got to take a bite of that egg, bro.
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I don't want to put this one down.
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Oh, this one's really good.
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Put it down, bro.
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All right I thought it was a hard -boiled egg No,
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no, no, no, not the supreme shirt I'm so sad Hold up Did you get that on camera?
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Yeah, hold up I can't believe
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that just happened to me I'm literally gonna smell like rotted
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eggs all day I thought it was a hard -boiled egg It was your fault, I wasn't even gonna eat that one My one good outfit has an egg yolk all over it.
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Great, now I look like an idiot in Japan.
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You got some right here too, on the inside of your suit.
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Thanks.
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I got some right here on the inside of your suit.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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You're right on the inside.
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you good there pal i don't know how this egg stains
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but this egg white is not coming out no one will know
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that i just hit that flash it's
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so embarrassing i'm too much of a nuisance for this city i don't belong here everyone's clean
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and well pampered and put together
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and i just cracked an egg all over myself like who does
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that on to the next okay camera woman thank you
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i have to post pictures no but i'm not good at taking pictures of people
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that are tall Because I have to like get up.
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I literally cracked an egg on myself earlier.
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I didn't do it on purpose I thought it was a hard flow day.
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That's how I know you, Rich.
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You just spent 2300 on this nice, spoojie camera.
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I did so I could take pictures of you.
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Good job!
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Okay, now we're at a different spot.
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We're at Family Mart now.
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This is the more Japanese version.
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I'm staying away from eggs.
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Hey, you want an Ozempic drink?
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No, we're bulking, baby.
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This is the Ozempic drink with BMI.
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If it's like over that, drink that.
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Really?
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Yeah.
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So it's for fat people? yeah yeah we're good we don't need water that's the thing coke zero
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and energy drinks all we need oh my god what's this little kitty
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so cute what's this cheesecake they marketed it perfectly towards me
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i think i'm good okay let's see the hype on this egg sandwich so
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if you were to do it we were just told the
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most disrespectful thing you can do in japan is eat outside
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and look what you're doing oh actually all the people around
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us are now gonna attack no one's attacking you wanna bite what kind is it I guess it's just cake and bread. Do you like it?
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How many times do you have to bow when you thank people?
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Oh, as many times as you can.
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Oh my god, my back hurts.
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And as deep as you can.
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What if I don't have a good back?
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Somebody's gotta bring that up.
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I'm gonna go like this.
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Oh man.
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Is it good?
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Oh yeah, you can have it.
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It's really good.
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Community sandwich.
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A community sandwich.
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What can I say I'd like to share?
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Egg sandwich?
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Yeah, get in there.
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Yeah, we're ready to run.
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Oh yeah.
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Yummy?
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I was gonna say thank you.
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She knows how to say thank you Oh yeah Oh yummy Can we try the fami chicken?
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Extender
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No, no, I'm cool One out of ten You have to try
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the fami chicken You put the fami chicken in the sandwich Give me a bite Appropriate bow Say I'm like, hey, what's up, man?
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Oh my god It's slimy Is that the CN Tower?
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What's the CN Tower?
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Get a load of this guy I hope you drop your asthma We are not going to say threatening things Okay, so what do you think of Coke Zero in Japan?
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Coke Zero in Japan, low -key, it's harder than Coke Zero in America So there's actually a secret another Coke that exists in Japan It's called Coke Plus, I think And it has no sugar in it,
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no calories And an additional enzyme that will help break down fat
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And it has fiber I think I'm in love with you Okay, I need to get that I saw it actually, Coke Plus I didn't know what it was, though I'll get that next time Alright,
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we have the new temple Where, where, where?
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Am I right?
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Yo, you bad tour guide.
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It's in front of us.
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And these gates over here.
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I like your voice though.
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Keep talking to me like that?
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That's my Aussie voice.
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I like it.
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Hey, no flirting behind the camera.
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And we'll head over to the temple in front of a boss.
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Yep.
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And when we get there, we'll do what is called an omikuji.
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Which is a lucky draw on your fortune.
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It'll let you know if you have good luck or bad luck.
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I better have good luck.
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You think so?
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I hope so I Better pull some good luck right now.
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I need it I just lost a bunch of money in Vegas if you get bad luck.
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You can tie the Mortrine at the temple and it's like you're entrusting your god's hand.
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Oh, okay I'm gonna do
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that either way I'll be okay at the end of the day everything will be okay in the end
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if it's not okay, then it's not the end Okay bars
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So you should just quit being an influencer just turn to a camera woman.
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I know it's my calling.
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I love taking pictures though.
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What you gotta say?
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How do you feel?
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I feel good.
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Arigato.
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Arigato, sorry.
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Oh, whoa.
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Whoa.
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Whoa.
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Whoa.
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The guy she tells you not to worry about is just right here.
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This is my first time hanging out with a gay guy.
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Oh, where?
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You.
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Pete, we're getting in a picture.
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Come here.
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I love Pete.
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No, no. See what side he chose?
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Pete, yeah, why'd you pick that side?
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I don't know.
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I'm scared.
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Don't be scared.
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Mommy's here.
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Thank you, guys.
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No, she's gonna put this at the front of the vlog and be like, oh, look how famous I am.
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Me, I'm humble.
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There's nothing humble about you.
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Wait, does this say no pictures?
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Narcissistic man wants pictures of himself.
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Okay, we're gonna go inside the temple, but first we have to wash off all the dirtiness I already possess.
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Now we're ready.
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Prayer has been done inside the temple.
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Not gonna tell you guys what I prayed for, because then it probably won't come true.
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Did you bow?
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I bowed, I swear I bowed.
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I did bow.
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Not disrespected.
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Nobody.
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Okay, my favorite type of tree since I know what's the people that study plants called botanist botanist.
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Yes, a bond of the study of plants Okay, I'm not in a botanist, but that's my favorite type of tree one of my favorite types of trees that one zoom in on that tree
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You want to go underneath and smell it?
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Yeah This tree guys, okay look up take your time at it real nicely.
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Oh yeah, we like this tree a lot.
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It's nice and green.
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Smells like oxygen.
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Oh, look at the kitties behind.
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This makes me miss my cats, Chanel and Lupita.
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But if you guys are watching this, Chanel and Lupita, I miss you guys and I love you so much.
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Maybe they turned on the TV.
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Oh, look at the little dragons.
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Hi, baby.
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It's so crispy.
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Can I drink this water?
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Oh, yummy.
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Wait, you don't swallow it?
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It's to terrify your body and your mouth.
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But I can't swallow it.
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Good kitty, good kitty.
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I love you guys.
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No, it's worse than anything in America.
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I drink the shower water in America.
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I just, underneath the shower.
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Sign that says, don't touch that?
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Does it actually say that?
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Where does it say that?
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Right here.
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Read it, bro.
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Read the tongue.
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I can't read that.
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It says, no brown women may touch this.
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And you know that.
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Sorry.
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Sorry.
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Let's not get that close to me the lashes look great oh you think
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so yeah that's great are they natural we're in japan yeah
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they're natural what do you mean look at this we do everything natural nothing specials right there
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yeah the koi fish they're my favorite water animal look look at how many koi fish
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you see them yeah it's beautiful how much protein you think one got easily 200 grams
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all those koi fish all different colors but they all are swimming in the same pond with no issues
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Ain't that a story.
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Off camera, I literally ran up to touch this fan though.
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I have an issue with creatures that are cute.
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Free the nip.
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Hold on, Sarah.
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Dude, this position is not super comfortable.
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Sarah, I have to vlog this.
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This is hilarious, Sarah.
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Sarah, what are you doing?
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This is hilarious.
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You condescending prick.
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Let's see the gyno.
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That is a lot of gyno.
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Definitely need some estrogen blockers for those.
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Okay, look.
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Pigeons here too.
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Government spy.
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We got them everywhere.
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Nice to see that.
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Tokyo also has them.
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Come to mommy.
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Come to mommy.
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Spy.
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What you gonna tell him, huh?
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What you gonna tell him?
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Yes, what a thought.
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Alright guys, this is my first time trying ramen.
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I think I'm gonna like it.
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Look at this.
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First time in Japan?
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That's kind of cool.
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Yeah, take your time.
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Oh, she f*ing messed up.
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Lord, breathe.
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It's good.
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Oh, all that just for it's good?
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No, it is good.
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That is some good ramen.
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Throw an arigato this guy's way.
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Hey, Mr. Arigato, can I try a little bit of this?
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That's not him.
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That's a redhead.
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He's not Mr. Arigato.
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Oh, yeah.
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Let me get some of this.
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Now he's missing.
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Oh, no. Wow.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
314
Oh, yeah.
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No, bro.
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This is why I want to euthanize you.
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Right there.
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Listen.
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No, I don't want to euthanize you.
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Arigato.
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Hey, stop throwing ice cream.
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Oh, God.
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Hold your twist.
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Don't blame yourself.
325
All right.
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It's respectful to slurp.
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Okay, rate the ramen.
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One out of ten honestly not gonna lie guys the ramen
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was pretty good can't say it was better than in and out
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but it was good it was better than the food uh
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we had some kobe beef how do you say it kobe kobe beef kobe beef last night
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and this was better than that i thought really yeah also made from kobe beef oh
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that was the same company same company different to be honest i kind of felt bad
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that was your first ramen experience
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because there's like way way way way way better oh there's better ones you guys gotta show me
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but i'm pretty easily satisfied with food like the only thing with ramen
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that kind of like messed me up was the ratio she said it's her dream ratio it was all noodles
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and two small little pieces of meat you should have my
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meat i didn't finish it what i needed more meat i don't want any meat no protein there's a place
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that does uh men's chest implants right there
341
i didn't even know that was a thing
342
so men stop working out just go ahead
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and invest in uh muscle breast augmentations argument augmentations yeah why
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you want tits maybe some double d's honestly maybe we could both use some
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very very talented man right there okay okay he's sweating bullets okay My glass!
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Take a keita bomb!
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Let's go!
348
Come on!
349
Come on!
350
Oh! That guy loves it!
351
I got a cucumber!
352
This guy's talent is farting.
353
Give me a cup of milk, and I'll do the same thing.
354
He shoves it up there.
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I don't know if I can screw for that.
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I have a little bit of that.
357
His mom probably thought he was going to be a doctor.
358
Okay!
359
Don't shake that hand!
360
Three, two, one, yeah!
361
Okay.
362
Why is this so sad?
363
How does one find out they're good at this?
364
Oh no way!
365
Okay, so what do you think of the Farting one okay, but all the other ones really funny.
366
Is this what you expected the comedy?
367
Not at all.
368
That was so funny.
369
I'm just so jet lagged.
370
I'm glad you enjoyed it.
371
You really enjoyed it.
372
That was your humor to a T.
373
It's definitely guy here.
374
I need a Celsius so bad.
375
Celsius, you see the drop in Japan.
376
Celsius, please drop me one.
377
Like when you play Call of Duty and they drop you a care package, I'm gonna redeem anything I can for a Celsius care package right now.
378
Get this on your vlog.
379
Hey, get this on your vlog.
380
Wait, pan again so it looks like it's the first time.
381
Hey, get this on your vlog.
382
All of the tries in there.
383
I don't really can do it.
384
I'm just trying to make you feel better about yourself.
385
You know what I'm saying?
386
You do it.
387
Look, you put it down here, you hold it, you do the little thing, and then you just rise up and you conquer.
388
You suck.
389
Worst day of my life.
390
Hey guys, we are going to a dinner.
391
Shout out Tomoko.
392
They have sponsored most of this entire video.
393
We're going to go to a traditional dinner.
394
Here we go.
395
We have to take our timbs off and put on these babies.
396
This is nice.
397
Do you think it's like better than we thought it was going to be?
398
So far, way better than I thought.
399
This has been sick.
400
I'm excited to eat.
401
This is the concept you guys do?
402
It's crazy, it's nuts.
403
No, we usually like to do a white wall background, 20V1.
404
That's what we usually prefer to do.
405
So, she thought she ate there, but she really just kind of recycled an old joke that she said before.
406
It's still here.
407
Thank you.
408
Yes, thank you so much.
409
She looks gorgeous.
410
Should we get her drunk?
411
Yes.
412
Let's get her some alcohol, yeah?
413
Wait, how do I get her a glass?
414
Is that bad that I'm not drinking and I'm going to get her drunk?
415
No, no, no. She's drinking on your behalf.
416
It's her job to get drunk.
417
Oh, really?
418
Wow, that's nice.
419
Round of shots for the ladies.
420
Thank you.
421
I'm going to fill you up. Of course!
422
Cheers!
423
Cheers!
424
Cheers!
425
Cheers!
426
How do you say it again?
427
Kanpai!
428
Kanpai!
429
Kanpai!
430
Kanpai!
431
Kanpai!
432
Kanpai!
433
Nice to meet you!
434
Nice to meet you!
435
Take it all in one!
436
One!
437
One goal!
438
Oh wow!
439
Thank you!
440
I think they're hitting it off!
441
Yeah!
442
Oh, he's giving it to everyone!
443
Never mind!
444
Nice to meet you!
445
Nice to meet you!
446
Thank you!
447
Arigato!
448
Arigato!
449
I'm turning this Hinano.
450
Hinano.
451
Let's get Hinano!
452
Drunkito!
453
How do you say drunk in Japanese?
454
They're going to get Yottaro!
455
Do you want a shot?
456
Did you want one?
457
Someone beat me to it.
458
He's using AI to talk to her.
459
Whoa!
460
Zach -san?
461
Oh!
462
ChatGBT!
463
I live in Los Angeles, California.
464
He got that ChatGBT riz.
465
Get in love with that guy Zach, ask her how old she is How old are you?
466
27 You put the phone now She understands what you're saying Have you been to America?
467
No Useless What about America and your least favorite thing?
468
Hamburger Me too In -N -Out?
469
You gotta take her to In -N -Out Ever?
470
Me?
471
Ever?
472
They won't eat in front of guests.
473
Oh, in front of guests?
474
Yes.
475
They only drink.
476
They only drink.
477
I like it.
478
Okay, so Zach asked her via chat GPT.
479
Yeah, that was a crazy conversation with the phone.
480
He asked if she could marry an American.
481
She said yes, she could marry an American only if he's rich.
482
So I think Zach has a pretty good shot right now.
483
I have a wife.
484
I didn't even know until now.
485
I got a Korean chat GPT everywhere.
486
No, she understood English pretty well.
487
Thank you.
488
I got those I started up what is
489
that um I don't know fish I'm gonna dig in here I'm starving mmm that fish is really good
490
look at me I'm so local did they do pork Oh, look at that.
491
You see that?
492
Does that do anything for you?
493
Sarah versus chopsticks.
494
Whenever I get nervous, I can't use them anymore.
495
Okay, she wants to see how tall Zach is.
496
Zach?
497
Just give him hell, brother.
498
Look who's sizes.
499
Back to back.
500
Now he's rich.
501
Tall.
502
Hey, sometimes you just gotta get that geishi going.
503
Brother.
504
He got her laughing, giggling.
505
And she was just like, yeah, he's really cool.
506
Cool.
507
Oh, she friendzoned you.
508
Oh, she called you cool.
509
That's friendzoned.
510
Let me tell you, Zach's not playing around, okay?
511
I don't know what's happening.
512
I think I'm seeing the sparks fly.
513
There's definitely some tension at the table.
514
There's definitely some tension from that end of the table.
515
I can feel it right there.
516
Hey, top her off.
517
Grab two hands.
518
Grab that bottle.
519
Two hands.
520
Oh, he winked.
521
Put it back in here.
522
Wow, he made it to us.
523
Unbelievable.
524
We have some sushi.
525
Is this sashimi?
526
What is this?
527
I think it's two sushi breweries.
528
Yeah, I'm not a big sushi person.
529
It's straight up raw.
530
Beautiful.
531
That was really good.
532
You think Drake should hop on the track?
533
I think Drake would kill it on that track.
534
I think you wanted to lose because you wanted to get drunk.
535
That's not true.
536
That is true
537
I don't know how to do it.
538
I don't know how to do it.
539
I don't know how to do it.
540
I don't know how to do it.
541
I don't know how to do it.
542
I don't know how to do it.
543
I don't know how to do it.
544
I don't know how to do it.
545
I don't know how to do it.
546
I don't know how to do it.
547
I hate so much, and I'm so jet -lagged, and, uh, shout out, Tomogo, for everything, this has been amazing.
548
Action.
549
Shut the f...
550
I'm trying to do a frickin' outro, can you...
551
Stay tuned for Friday's vlog, okay?
552
More Japan stuff coming.
553
Pan to this f*ing idiot.
554
Action.
555
Like, comment, and subscribe.
556
See you guys later.
557
Anything you want to tell them?
558
Action.
559
Come here, give me a kiss. Of course.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 559 ประโยค และ 3814 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 22:49 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 167 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| bite คำกริยา | /baɪt/ | กัด |
| temple คำนาม | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | วัด |
| whip คำนาม | /ˈwɪp/ | แส้ |
| boil คำกริยา | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | ต้ม |
| cheers | /t͡ʃɪəz/ | ไชโย, ชนแก้ว |
| kitty คำนาม | /ˈkɪti/ | แมวเหมียว, เจ้าเหมียว |
| yummy คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈjʌm.i/ | อร่อย |
| egg คำนาม | /ɛɡ/ | ไข่ |
| swallow คำกริยา | /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ | กลืน |
| sushi คำนาม | /ˈsuːʃi/ | ซูชิ |
| package คำนาม | /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ | หีบห่อ, ห่อ |
| insane คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | บ้า |
| marry คำกริยา | /ˈmæɹi/ | แต่งงาน, สมรส |
| ratio คำนาม | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | สัดส่วน, อัตราส่วน |
| shake คำกริยา | /ˈʃeɪk/ | เขย่า |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| get up คำกริยา | ลุก |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If it was warm, that would be |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was warmed · were just told · is called |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has been done · have sponsored · has been |
| ขั้นกว่า -er than / more … than — เปรียบเทียบสองสิ่ง | better than · harder than · worse than |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 161 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, don't, gonna ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, breathe /bɹiːð/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, euthanize /ˈjuː.θənˌaɪz/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: sushi /ˈsuːʃi/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: hilarious /hɪˈlɛə.ɹi.əs/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/, disrespectful /dɪs.ɹɪˈspɛkt.fəl/, arigato /ˌɑːɹiˈɡɑːtoʊ/, gynecomastia /ˌɡaɪ.nɪ.koʊˈmæs.tiə/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง bite, temple, whip เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ