ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Simply B1 Preliminary for Schools – Test 7
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1
Test 7 There are four parts to the test.
2
You will hear each part twice.
3
We will now stop for a moment.
4
Please ask any questions now because you must not speak during the test.
5
Part 1 Now look at the instructions for Part 1.
6
For each question, choose the correct answer.
7
Look at Question 1.
8
1 Have you thought what job you would like to do?
9
Mmm, I think that as I'm a very sociable person, I could become a shop assistant.
10
You'd be good at that.
11
Maybe, but my mum says that kind of work can be quite tiring, as I will have to deal with difficult customers sometimes.
12
Why don't you become a teacher?
13
You're very good at explaining things to others.
14
Good idea.
15
But I like better to work as a nurse.
16
I enjoy looking after people who are sick.
17
So that's what I'll do.
18
OK, but I still think that being a teacher would be an excellent job for you.
19
Now, listen again.
20
Have you thought what job you would like to do?
21
I think that as I'm a very sociable person, I could become a shop assistant.
22
You'd be good at that.
23
Maybe, but my mum says
24
that kind of work can be quite tiring as I will have to deal with difficult customers sometimes.
25
Why don't you become a teacher?
26
You're very good at explaining things to others.
27
Good idea, but I like better to work as a nurse.
28
I enjoy looking after people who are sick, so that's what I'll do.
29
Okay, but I still think that being a teacher would be an excellent job for you.
30
2. What will the boy order?
31
How about ordering a pizza from the place down the road?
32
You can order a small pizza if you like, but I want only a salad.
33
Why?
34
Are you on a diet?
35
No, but I don't like the pizza from this place.
36
I only prefer their burgers.
37
So, do you want to order burgers and chips for both of us?
38
Now that I think, the last time I ate a burger from that place, it wasn't well cooked.
39
So just a salad.
40
OK, then.
41
I'll take my first choice.
42
Now, listen again.
43
How about ordering a pizza from the place down the road?
44
You can order a small pizza if you like, but I want only a salad.
45
Why?
46
Are you on a diet?
47
No, but I don't like the pizza from this place.
48
I only prefer their burgers.
49
So, do you want to order burgers and chips for both of us?
50
Now that I think, the last time I ate a burger from that place, it wasn't well cooked.
51
So, just a salad.
52
OK, then.
53
I'll take my first choice.
54
Three.
55
Which activity does the girl not do anymore?
56
I want to start a new hobby.
57
I was thinking about table tennis.
58
I've seen you playing and I think it's quite interesting.
59
Although I've given up, as I don't have enough time to play anymore, I still think that it's worth trying it.
60
I joined the school's volleyball team three weeks ago and I spend my whole time in practising for next Sunday's match.
61
It's a shame.
62
You were pretty good.
63
Do you still have guitar lessons or have you stopped them as well?
64
No, I didn't need to as guitar lessons are once a week and last only an hour.
65
now listen again i want to start a new hobby i was thinking about table tennis i've seen you playing
66
and i think it's quite interesting although i've given up as
67
i don't have enough time to play anymore i still think
68
that it's worth trying it i joined the school's volleyball team three weeks ago
69
and i spend my whole time in practicing for next sunday's match It's a shame.
70
You were pretty good.
71
Do you still have guitar lessons, or have you stopped them as well?
72
No, I didn't need to, as guitar lessons are once a week and last only an hour.
73
4. What does the boy want to buy tomorrow?
74
Hi, Maria.
75
I'm calling you to ask you to go shopping tomorrow morning.
76
I need you to help me buy a new coat, as next month I'll be going on a school trip to Iceland.
77
I had also thought to buy a new scarf and gloves, but my mum said to take my brother's ones.
78
Although I like his scarf and I'll take it with me, his gloves aren't my size.
79
Mum said that she will buy me a new pair that she had seen online.
80
So, please can we meet tomorrow at the big department store after school?
81
You always help me buy clothes that suit me fine.
82
Now, listen again.
83
Hi Maria.
84
I'm calling you to ask you to go shopping tomorrow morning.
85
I need you to help me buy a new coat, as next month I'll be going on a school trip to Iceland.
86
I had also thought to buy a new scarf and gloves, but my mum said to take my brother's ones.
87
Although I like his scarf and I'll take it with me, his gloves aren't my size.
88
Mum said that she will buy me a new pair that she had seen online.
89
So, please can we meet tomorrow at the big department store after school?
90
You always help me buy clothes that suit me fine.
91
Five.
92
Which is the boy's sister?
93
Who is your sister in this photo?
94
Is she the one with long, dark hair?
95
No. My sister is short hair and she also wears glasses.
96
Fortunately, in this picture, she doesn't wear this terrible hat that she always wears during the summer months.
97
I tell her that it doesn't suit her, and that it's very old -fashioned, but she keeps saying that it protects her head from sun.
98
Anyway, I can see her now, and she's very beautiful.
99
Now, listen again.
100
Who is your sister in this photo?
101
Is she the one with long, dark hair?
102
No. My sister has short hair, and she also wears glasses.
103
Fortunately, in this picture, she doesn't wear this terrible hat that she always wears during the summer months.
104
I tell her that it doesn't suit her and that it's very old -fashioned, but she keeps saying that it protects her head from the sun.
105
Anyway, I can see her now, and she's very beautiful.
106
6. What sort of film will they see?
107
How about going to see that new adventure movie tonight?
108
It hasn't got good reviews.
109
I read that the acting isn't that great.
110
There's also the new movie with Matt Dillon at the same cinema.
111
That might be good.
112
You know, I'm not keen on romantic films.
113
You can go and see that with Lorna.
114
Any good detective movies on?
115
There's one at the Odeon, but I think we have seen it.
116
You know, the one with Detective Purcell.
117
Oh, that.
118
You're right.
119
So I guess we ignore the reviews and see the first one.
120
now listen again how about going to see
121
that new adventure movie tonight it hasn't got good reviews i read
122
that the acting isn't
123
that great there's also the new movie with matt dylan at the same cinema
124
that might be good you know i'm not keen on romantic films you can go and see that with Lorna.
125
Any good detective movies on?
126
There's one at the Odeon, but I think we have seen it.
127
You know, the one with Detective Purcell.
128
Oh, that.
129
You're right.
130
So I guess we ignore the reviews and see the first one.
131
7. Where does the girl want to go on holiday?
132
Where do you go on holiday this summer?
133
I don't know, but I'd prefer to go to an island and not to the mountains, as we usually do with my parents.
134
My mum says that because we live near the sea, she needs a change on our holidays, so we always go to the mountains and sleep in tents,
135
or to big cities and visit museums all the time.
136
I don't like either of them.
137
Now, listen again.
138
Where do you go on holiday this summer?
139
I don't know, but I'd prefer to go to an island and not to the mountains, as we usually do with my parents.
140
My mum says that because we live near the sea, she needs a change on our holidays, so we always go to the mountains and sleep in tents,
141
or to big cities and visit museums all the time.
142
I don't like either of them.
143
That is the end of part one.
144
Test seven, part two.
145
Now look at part two.
146
For each question, choose the correct answer.
147
Eight.
148
You will hear two friends talking about a new girl in their class.
149
Have you had a chance to talk to that new girl?
150
Oh, you mean Jenny?
151
Yes, I have.
152
She is quite shy, so it's not easy to chat with her.
153
But I think she is going to be top of the class.
154
She is way ahead in maths.
155
Yes, she certainly seems amazing at maths.
156
Still not better than you, though.
157
But I think you are wrong about her being shy.
158
I saw her pushing some younger kids around in the break and telling them to go and get her something to drink.
159
Are you sure?
160
That doesn't sound like her.
161
And she seemed such a nice girl.
162
I am so disappointed.
163
Now, listen again.
164
Have you had a chance to talk to that new girl?
165
Oh, you mean Jenny?
166
Yes, I have.
167
She is quite shy, so it's not easy to chat with her.
168
But I think she is going to be top of the class.
169
She is way ahead in maths.
170
Yes, she certainly seems amazing at maths.
171
Still not better than you, though.
172
But I think you are wrong about her being shy.
173
I saw her pushing some younger kids around in the break and telling them to go and get her something to drink.
174
Are you sure?
175
That doesn't sound like her.
176
And she seems such a nice girl.
177
I am so disappointed.
178
9. You will hear two friends talking about a group's new song.
179
Have you heard that new song by Blitz?
180
Yeah, I heard it yesterday.
181
I guess it's good, but I prefer their older stuff.
182
You know, when they were first famous, their songs were more original.
183
Now they just sound like all the other groups playing the same sort of music.
184
I guess they don't care so much because they've made lots of money.
185
You're right about that.
186
They used to be so original back then, but I still think this is a good song.
187
Yeah, sure, but for me just good isn't enough.
188
I don't see myself listening to it that much.
189
Now, listen again.
190
have you heard that new song by blitz yeah i heard it yesterday i guess it's good
191
but i prefer their older stuff you know
192
when they were first famous their songs were more original now
193
they just sound like all the other groups playing the same sort of music
194
i guess they don't care so much
195
because they've made lots of money you're right about that they used to be so original back then, but I still think this is a good song.
196
Yeah, sure, but for me just good isn't enough.
197
I don't see myself listening to it that much.
198
10. You will hear a girl telling a friend about something she's bought online.
199
Look!
200
I got these great running shoes online.
201
I'd been looking for ages, but in the shops they were too expensive.
202
I found these at half price.
203
Wow, they are great.
204
I've wanted a pair of those since they first came out.
205
The trouble is that the last time I bought something online, I had to send it back.
206
The size was all wrong and then it took six months to get a refund.
207
Yes, I guess it can be a bit of a risk, but I've never had any problem.
208
I guess I was just unlucky.
209
Maybe I should give it another try.
210
My dad has promised to help me.
211
now listen again look i got these great running shoes online i'd been looking for ages
212
but in the shops they were too expensive i found these
213
at half price wow they are great i've wanted a pair
214
of those since they first came out the trouble is
215
that last time i bought something online i had to send it back the size was all wrong
216
and then it took six months to get a refund Yes, I guess it can be a bit of a risk, but I've never had any problem.
217
I guess I was just unlucky.
218
Maybe I should give it another try.
219
My dad has promised to help me.
220
Eleven.
221
You will hear two friends talking about their teacher.
222
OK, that's it.
223
I'm going to complain.
224
Mr Jones has given me low marks again.
225
What?
226
For English literature?
227
But you are one of the best in class.
228
But he says I don't take part in the lessons.
229
But my exam marks were so good.
230
He is completely unfair.
231
It's because I'm not English.
232
I agree it's not fair, but it's got nothing to do with your nationality.
233
Half the class are not English.
234
But the highest term mark went to someone who isn't as good as me, but is English.
235
I'm sure that if you talk to him, you'll understand what is going on.
236
And to be fair, you are not the most active student in class.
237
Now, listen again.
238
OK, that's it.
239
I'm going to complain.
240
Mr Jones has given me low marks again what for English literature
241
but you are one of the best in class
242
but he says I don't take part in the lessons
243
but my exam marks were so good he is completely unfair it's
244
because I'm not English I agree it's not fair
245
but it's got nothing to do with your nationality half the class are not English
246
but the highest term mark went to someone who isn't as good as me
247
but is English I'm sure that if you talk to him, you'll understand what is going on.
248
And to be fair, you are not the most active student in class.
249
12. You will hear two friends talking about a new film.
250
Have you seen that new film about that boy lost in the jungle?
251
Yes, I saw it last week.
252
It was a bit disappointing as a story, although I have to say the scenery was excellent.
253
Yes, you're right.
254
I've read the book, which was much better.
255
The film did not show any of the events which explained the reasons behind the boy's actions, but as you said, the scenery was so amazing that it's worth seeing just for that.
256
It has made me want to visit a jungle environment somewhere in the world.
257
Me too.
258
Now, listen again.
259
Have you seen that new film about
260
that boy lost in the jungle yes i saw it last
261
week it was a bit disappointing as a story although i
262
have to say the scenery was excellent yes you're right i've read the book
263
which was much better the film did not show any of the events
264
which explain the reasons behind the boy's actions
265
but as you said the scenery was so amazing that it's worth seeing just for that
266
it has made me want to visit a jungle environment somewhere in the world me too 13.
267
You will hear two friends talking about blogs.
268
I want to create a blog, but I find it too difficult.
269
There's so much information on the web and everyone's telling you to do different things.
270
I know.
271
I had the same problems.
272
When I started my blog, I knew less than nothing about blogging.
273
But now I'm very familiar with it and my blog's doing pretty well.
274
I receive nice comments from some readers.
275
Do you want me to help you?
276
I would be grateful if you could do that for me.
277
Now, listen again.
278
I want to create a blog, but I find it too difficult.
279
There's so much information on the web and everyone's telling you to do different things.
280
I know.
281
I had the same problems.
282
When I started my blog, I knew less than nothing about blogging.
283
But now I'm very familiar with it and my blog's doing pretty well.
284
I receive nice comments from some readers.
285
Do you want me to help you?
286
I would be grateful if you could do that for me.
287
That is the end of part two.
288
Test seven, part three.
289
Now look at part three.
290
For each question, write the correct answer in the gap.
291
Write one or two words or a number or a date or a time.
292
Look at questions 14 to 19 now.
293
You have 20 seconds.
294
You will hear a student giving a review of his visit to Cheswick House and Gardens to his class.
295
Well, London has many surprises waiting to be discovered.
296
So, imagine my surprise when I discovered the amazing Cheswick Park in West London.
297
Hidden amongst the houses, right next to the main station, in fact, just where you would not expect to find a beautiful park,
298
with a restaurant and an example of amazing architecture, Cheswick House was built in 1729.
299
It was designed by its owner, Lord Burlington.
300
The interior of the building is important, not only because of its beauty but because there are important paintings and furniture in it.
301
You can join group tours of Cheswick House which take place every weekend.
302
They last an hour and cost £18 per person.
303
There are also family tickets that cost £38.
304
I went on one of these tours and I can tell you it was well worth every penny.
305
Now, if being outside is more your thing, Cheswick Park, the huge garden which the house was built in, will inspire you.
306
You can go on a garden tour with a guide.
307
You will see the greenhouses filled with flowers and beautiful gardens full of whatever flowers are in season.
308
There is also a flower shop where you can buy plants and souvenirs.
309
The garden tour is £6 per person, or £50 for a group of ten.
310
It takes an hour and a half, after which you will be ready for a meal or a coffee at the restaurant.
311
There is a wide selection of cakes and snacks from as little as £2 for coffee and a piece of cake.
312
Oh, and if you're in London from the 7th of June, there is a music week.
313
You can sit on the grass and listen to music from 6 in the afternoon to 10 every evening.
314
The Music Week ends on the 13th of June with an amazing teenagers song competition.
315
Now, listen again.
316
Well, London has many surprises waiting to be discovered.
317
So imagine my surprise when I discovered the amazing Cheswick Park in West London.
318
Hidden amongst the houses, right next to the main station.
319
In fact, just where you would not expect to find a beautiful park, with a restaurant and an example of amazing architecture,
320
Cheswick House was built in 1729.
321
It was designed by its owner, Lord Burlington.
322
The interior of the building is important, not only because of its beauty but because there are important paintings and furniture in it.
323
You can join group tours of Cheswick House which take place every weekend.
324
They last an hour and cost £18 per person.
325
There are also family tickets that cost £38.
326
I went on one of these tours and I can tell you it was well worth every penny.
327
Now, if being outside is more your thing, Cheswick Park, the huge garden which the house was built in, will inspire you.
328
You can go on a garden tour with a guide.
329
You will see the greenhouses filled with flowers and beautiful gardens full of whatever flowers are in season.
330
There is also a flower shop where you can buy plants and souvenirs.
331
The garden tour is £6 per person, or £50 for a group of ten.
332
It takes an hour and a half, after which you will be ready for a meal or a coffee at the restaurant.
333
There is a wide selection of cakes and snacks from as little as £2 for coffee and a piece of cake.
334
Oh, and if you're in London from the 7th of June, there is a music week.
335
You can sit on the grass and listen to music from 6 in the afternoon to 10 every evening.
336
The music week ends on the 13th of June with an amazing teenagers song competition.
337
That is the end of part three.
338
Test seven, part four.
339
Now look at part four.
340
For each question, choose the correct answer.
341
Look at questions 20 to 25 now.
342
You have 45 seconds.
343
You will hear an interview with a young athlete called Miguel.
344
Today, we have Miguel with us, who is a young athlete in a very unusual sport, parkour.
345
Miguel, tell us a bit about this interesting sport.
346
What is the aim of it? well it's a very new
347
sport as it actually started in the 1980s it was started in france
348
and is also known as free running the athletes are aimed to move in whichever way they can over
349
and through any area without using any equipment only the ability of their body
350
and in the fastest and most efficient way mostly it is running
351
and jumping which obviously relies on strength
352
and fitness what is the main difficulty in this sport well i'd say self -control
353
and to rely only on yourself there is no room for
354
being scared the movements required to work all parts of your body
355
and the mind needs to control any worries about height
356
or difficulties the athlete faces what is true about parkour in
357
the uk well the uk has become the first country in the world to recognize it as a sport
358
so now it can get financial support from the government this also means
359
that it could soon be practiced in schools as it is an exciting
360
and interesting activity
361
which can develop useful skills in school children i think my
362
school will be one of the first to include this kind
363
of sport in the schedule what do you think about a
364
recent video about parkour not everybody seems to like this sport yes mainly
365
because some people do it in cities without the help of safety ropes so there is a danger to athletes, as well as people nearby.
366
This was not helped by the video which came out with a parkour athlete running across Cambridge.
367
Many people didn't like him, as he was filmed on ancient buildings, which they said was against the law and should be forbidden.
368
Well, I hear you are going to take part in the parkour competition on the Greek island of Santorini next month.
369
Is it true?
370
Yes, it will be my first time.
371
It's an amazing location and a real challenge.
372
The competition is very popular with athletes and can be watched on social media and on TV, which is great for the athletes as they become famous and get offered career opportunities.
373
What are your plans for the future?
374
Do you want to become a champion at parkour or is it just a hobby?
375
I would like to finish my school first and maybe study sports at university.
376
Regarding parkour, I really enjoy it, but I don't think I would like to be a professional parkour trainer.
377
Thanks, Miguel.
378
I'm sure many young people will be inspired to start parkour after this.
379
Now, listen again.
380
Today, we have Miguel with us, who is a young athlete in a very unusual sport.
381
parkour.
382
Miguel, tell us a bit about this interesting sport.
383
What is the aim of it?
384
Well, it's a very new sport as it actually started in the 1980s.
385
It was started in France and is also known as free running.
386
The athletes are aimed to move in whichever way they can over and through any area without using any equipment,
387
only the ability of their body and in the fastest and most efficient way.
388
Mostly it is running and jumping, which obviously relies on strength and fitness.
389
What is the main difficulty in this sport?
390
Well, I'd say self -control and to rely only on yourself.
391
There is no room for being scared.
392
The movements required to work all parts of your body
393
and the mind needs to control any worries about height or difficulties the athlete faces.
394
What is true about parkour in the UK?
395
Well, the UK has become the first country in the world to recognise it as a sport, so now it can get financial support from the government.
396
This also means that it could soon be practised in schools, as it is an exciting and interesting activity which can develop useful skills in school children.
397
I think my school will be one of the first to include this kind of sport in the schedule.
398
What do you think about a recent video about parkour?
399
Not everybody seems to like this sport.
400
yes mainly because some people do it in cities without the help of safety ropes
401
so there is a danger to athletes as well as people nearby this was not helped by the video
402
which came out with a parkour athlete running across cambridge many
403
people didn't like him as he was filmed on ancient buildings
404
which they said was against the law
405
and should be forbidden well i hear you are going to
406
take part in the parkour competition on the greek island of
407
santorini next month is it true yes it will be my first time it's an amazing location
408
and a real challenge the competition is very popular with athletes
409
and can be watched on social media and on tv
410
which is great for the athletes as they become famous and get offered career opportunities
411
what are your plans for the future do you want to become a champion at parkour
412
or is it just a hobby i would like to finish my school first and maybe study sports at university
413
regarding parkour i really enjoy it
414
but i don't think i would like to be a professional
415
parkour trainer thanks miguel i'm sure many young people will be inspired to start parkour after this
416
that is the end of part four Oh
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บริบทและความเป็นมา
ในวิดีโอนี้ เราจะได้ยินการสนทนาระหว่างเพื่อนสองคนที่กำลังพูดคุยเกี่ยวกับอาชีพที่พวกเขาสนใจและการสั่งอาหาร ในบทสนทนานี้ มีการกล่าวถึงการเลือกอาชีพ เช่น การเป็นผู้ช่วยขายของและการเป็นพยาบาล รวมถึงการตัดสินใจในการสั่งอาหารที่พวกเขาชอบ การสื่อสารในบริบทนี้ช่วยให้ผู้เรียนเข้าใจถึงการใช้ภาษาอังกฤษในชีวิตประจำวันได้ดีขึ้น
5 วลีสำคัญสำหรับการสื่อสารในชีวิตประจำวัน
- “Have you thought what job you would like to do?” - คุณเคยคิดมั้ยว่าคุณอยากทำงานอะไร?
- “I could become a shop assistant.” - ฉันอาจจะเป็นผู้ช่วยขายของได้
- “I enjoy looking after people who are sick.” - ฉันชอบดูแลคนที่ป่วย
- “How about ordering a pizza?” - สั่งพิซซ่าดีมั้ย?
- “I don’t like the pizza from this place.” - ฉันไม่ชอบพิซซ่าจากที่นี่
แนวทางการฝึกซ้อมแบบชาโดว์อิ้ง
การฝึกซ้อมด้วยเทคนิคชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษเป็นวิธีที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการพัฒนาทักษะการพูดของคุณ ในวิดีโอนี้ เราสามารถเริ่มต้นได้โดยการฟังบทสนทนาอย่างตั้งใจ จากนั้นจึงทำการพูดตามเสียงที่ได้ยิน อย่างเช่น:
- ฟังและทำความเข้าใจบริบทของการพูดในวิดีโอ
- เลือกประโยคที่ต้องการฝึก เช่น “I enjoy looking after people who are sick.”
- ฟังประโยคนี้ซ้ำและพยายามพูดตามให้ตรงตามสำเนียงและจังหวะ
- ทำซ้ำหลาย ๆ ครั้งจนรู้สึกมั่นใจในการพูดประโยคนั้น
- เพิ่มความยากโดยการฝึกพูดประโยคอื่น ๆ ในบทสนทนา
การใช้วิธีการนี้จะช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจการใช้งานคำศัพท์และวลีในบริบทจริง นอกจากนี้ การทำความเข้าใจถึงน้ำเสียงและการออกเสียงจะช่วยให้การสื่อสารของคุณมีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น การฝึกซ้อมแบบชาโดว์อิ้งสามารถนำไปใช้ในทุกวิดีโอการเรียนภาษาอังกฤษที่คุณสนใจ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการเรียนรู้จากการสนทนาหรือการฟังเพลง เพื่อเพิ่มพูนทักษะการพูดและการฟังของคุณอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | if you talk to him, you'll understand |
| “used to” used to + กริยา — นิสัยหรือสภาพในอดีตที่ตอนนี้ไม่เป็นแล้ว | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've seen · I've given · have seen |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be discovered · was built · was designed |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ