Shadowing Practice: Our Solar System Lost Two Planets! - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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We may have lost two planets.
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And no, I don't mean astrophysicists have another disagreement about what we're allowed to call a planet.
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I mean the result of a recent study which found that the solar system used to have six giant planets,
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not four, but we lost two of them billions of years ago.
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That's relatable.
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I mean, who hasn't lost a planet or two?
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But seriously, what the hell happened there?
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I have a brief summary.
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The solar system was not born as the neat diagram you find in schoolbooks with the planets all in place.
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It formed from a huge cloud of gas and dust.
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The cloud contracted under the pore of its own gravity and began to spin.
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The center became so dense and hot that nuclear fusion ignited it.
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That became our sun.
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The leftover material formed a flat disk around the young sun.
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Inside that disk, tiny grains began to stick together
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and slowly build larger and larger objects which became the planets and their moons.
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So far, so clear.
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The devil is in the details, and it's the details that the authors of the new paper have now put together and compared with evidence.
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What we do know is that in the early solar system, it was so hot close to the sun that only rock could clump and form planets.
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That's why the inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are small and rocky.
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Further out, it was coal enough for ice to also clump that gave the young planets out there much more building material.
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Jupiter and Saturn grew quickly and became massive enough to pull in huge amounts of gas.
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Uranus and Neptune also grew large but not large enough to collect as much gas before the disk disappeared.
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These four planets are called gas giants and they're fascinating.
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If Jupiter were hollow, about 1000 Earths could fit inside.
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Saturn has such a low density that it'll float in water if you could find a bathtub to fit it in.
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But here's the thing.
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If physicists try to reproduce the formation of our solar system on a computer, it doesn't work if there are only these planets.
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The way that they do this is to start with the initial distribution of matter and let it form a solar system.
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Then they keep only cases which result in something that looks similar to what we in fact observe.
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The thing is now that to match our observations, they need at least one, but better two, large extra planets.
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Otherwise, the solar system does not come out correctly.
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The idea is not entirely new.
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The biggest hint that something dramatic must have happened in the young solar system is Uranus
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because its axis is tilted a lot to the side and is not aligned with the overall axis of the solar system.
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This doesn't naturally come about during the formation of the solar system.
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It seems that something hit Uranus hard.
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The new paper now looked at Uranus's moons and finds that these fit the picture as well.
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The moons also orbit around the tilted axis, and these moons, especially one by the name of Miranda, have more ice than one would expect.
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The authors now say this all fits together like this.
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The early solar system had not four, but probably six of these ice giants.
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They were much closer together than the ice giants are now.
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If these giant planets are close together, this makes their orbits very unstable.
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Solar systems are naturally chaotic, and in a case like this, the chaos sets in very quickly.
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So two of the giant planets didn't stay on regular orbits, but instead began to wander around.
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And one of them hit Uranus and tilted its axis.
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In the aftermath, Uranus' moons got shaken out of their orbit and collided, which created multiple smaller moons, which then put on extra ice.
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The two extra planets eventually ended up on a path that took them out of the solar system entirely.
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This would have happened billions of years ago, so they'd be far away from us now.
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They may still exist somewhere, but by now they'd be wandering between the stars, cold and dark, alone, and probably not subscribed to my channel.
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I give this paper a 3 out of 10 on the bullshit meter.
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Not because of the paper, but because of the general difficulty of the subject.
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We're trying to patch together what happened in the distant past from what we see today, so all the evidence we can ever have is indirect.
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The problem is not so different from trying to understand the origin of life, but it's more dominated by physics, so I think it's more doable.
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I couldn't think of a closing joke, so I asked Chad GPT, and here's what he came up with.
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Six ice giants close together.
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This is not a solar system.
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This is the physics department after the coffee machine breaks.
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It only lets in and out what you want.
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NordVPN is an app that you install on your phone or laptop.
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It provides a secure and private connection for your internet browsing through one of their thousands of servers all over the world.
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NordVPN also regularly updates its service.
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They now offer an all -around virus protection of the next generation,
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not just against malware, but also trackers and scammers and whatever the next curse will be that AI brings upon us.
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NordVPN also has a post -quantum encryption, and one of the great benefits of using NordVPN is
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that it's super handy to access websites in other countries that are blocked for visitors from elsewhere.
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All you need to do is use a server in the respective country, and Nord has thousands of those.
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So go and check this out.
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Thanks for watching.
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See you tomorrow.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Our Solar System Lost Two Planets!” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: planet, solar, giant, moons, Nordvpn. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 75 cümle ve 1057 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 6:14 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 169 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin %82’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| axis isim | /ˈæksɪs/ | eksen |
| orbit isim | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | yörünge |
| disk isim | /dɪsk/ | disk, ağırşak |
| wander fiil | /ˈwɑndɚ/ | gezinmek |
| astrophysicist isim | /ˌæstɹəʊˈfɪzɪsɪst/ | astrofizikçi |
| bathtub isim | /ˈbæθtʌb/ | küvet |
| leftover sıfat | artakalan, fazladan | |
| malware isim | /ˈmæl.wɛəɹ/ | zararlı yazılım |
| physicist isim | /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ | fizikçi |
| browse fiil | /bɹaʊz/ | gözden geçirmek |
| tracker isim | /ˈtɹækə(ɹ)/ | izleyici, takipçi |
| align fiil | /əˈlaɪn/ | hizalanmak, hizaya geçmek |
| chaotic sıfat | /keɪˈɑtɪk/ | altüst |
| metre isim | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metre |
| diagram isim | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | şema |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| come out fiil | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | çıkmak |
| put together fiil | birleştirmek, bir araya getirmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | was not born · are called · is tilted |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | hasn't lost · have now put |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı doesn't, they'd, we're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 13 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/, aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/, fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: astrophysicist /ˌæstɹəʊˈfɪzɪsɪst/, disagreement /dɪsəˈɡɹiːmənt/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; axis, orbit, disk gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.