쉐도잉 연습: Our Solar System Lost Two Planets! - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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We may have lost two planets.
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And no, I don't mean astrophysicists have another disagreement about what we're allowed to call a planet.
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I mean the result of a recent study which found that the solar system used to have six giant planets,
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not four, but we lost two of them billions of years ago.
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That's relatable.
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I mean, who hasn't lost a planet or two?
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But seriously, what the hell happened there?
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I have a brief summary.
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The solar system was not born as the neat diagram you find in schoolbooks with the planets all in place.
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It formed from a huge cloud of gas and dust.
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The cloud contracted under the pore of its own gravity and began to spin.
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The center became so dense and hot that nuclear fusion ignited it.
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That became our sun.
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The leftover material formed a flat disk around the young sun.
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Inside that disk, tiny grains began to stick together
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and slowly build larger and larger objects which became the planets and their moons.
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So far, so clear.
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The devil is in the details, and it's the details that the authors of the new paper have now put together and compared with evidence.
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What we do know is that in the early solar system, it was so hot close to the sun that only rock could clump and form planets.
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That's why the inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are small and rocky.
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Further out, it was coal enough for ice to also clump that gave the young planets out there much more building material.
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Jupiter and Saturn grew quickly and became massive enough to pull in huge amounts of gas.
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Uranus and Neptune also grew large but not large enough to collect as much gas before the disk disappeared.
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These four planets are called gas giants and they're fascinating.
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If Jupiter were hollow, about 1000 Earths could fit inside.
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Saturn has such a low density that it'll float in water if you could find a bathtub to fit it in.
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But here's the thing.
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If physicists try to reproduce the formation of our solar system on a computer, it doesn't work if there are only these planets.
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The way that they do this is to start with the initial distribution of matter and let it form a solar system.
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Then they keep only cases which result in something that looks similar to what we in fact observe.
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The thing is now that to match our observations, they need at least one, but better two, large extra planets.
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Otherwise, the solar system does not come out correctly.
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The idea is not entirely new.
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The biggest hint that something dramatic must have happened in the young solar system is Uranus
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because its axis is tilted a lot to the side and is not aligned with the overall axis of the solar system.
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This doesn't naturally come about during the formation of the solar system.
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It seems that something hit Uranus hard.
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The new paper now looked at Uranus's moons and finds that these fit the picture as well.
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The moons also orbit around the tilted axis, and these moons, especially one by the name of Miranda, have more ice than one would expect.
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The authors now say this all fits together like this.
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The early solar system had not four, but probably six of these ice giants.
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They were much closer together than the ice giants are now.
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If these giant planets are close together, this makes their orbits very unstable.
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Solar systems are naturally chaotic, and in a case like this, the chaos sets in very quickly.
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So two of the giant planets didn't stay on regular orbits, but instead began to wander around.
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And one of them hit Uranus and tilted its axis.
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In the aftermath, Uranus' moons got shaken out of their orbit and collided, which created multiple smaller moons, which then put on extra ice.
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The two extra planets eventually ended up on a path that took them out of the solar system entirely.
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This would have happened billions of years ago, so they'd be far away from us now.
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They may still exist somewhere, but by now they'd be wandering between the stars, cold and dark, alone, and probably not subscribed to my channel.
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I give this paper a 3 out of 10 on the bullshit meter.
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Not because of the paper, but because of the general difficulty of the subject.
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We're trying to patch together what happened in the distant past from what we see today, so all the evidence we can ever have is indirect.
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The problem is not so different from trying to understand the origin of life, but it's more dominated by physics, so I think it's more doable.
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I couldn't think of a closing joke, so I asked Chad GPT, and here's what he came up with.
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Six ice giants close together.
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This is not a solar system.
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This is the physics department after the coffee machine breaks.
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So go and check this out.
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Thanks for watching.
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See you tomorrow.
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