쉐도잉 연습: Make AI Believe in God to Keep Humans Safe, Scientist Argues - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

레슨 만드는 중...
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A lot of papers cross my desk every day, but this is honestly one of the most creative ones I've ever seen.
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A computer scientist says he's found a way to prevent artificial intelligence from trying to kill us all, and it's strikingly easy.
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Just give it a religion!
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And that religion is none other than the simulation hypothesis, the idea that the entire universe is just a computer simulation.
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Oh, and it also has parallel universes.
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That's wild.
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Let's have a look.
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Artificial intelligence is progressing extremely quickly and each day it's becoming more dangerous.
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Just a week ago we had the most worrisome AI security incident ever
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when an advanced experimental model from OpenAI broke out of its sandbox
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and hacked into the AI platform hugging face not with an evil intention
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but simply to take a shortcut in solving some problems it had been assigned.
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That, needless to say, was not the intended method of problem solving.
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And that, in a nutshell, is the problem with AI alignment.
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How do we make sure that AI doesn't begin to pursue goals that conflict with ours?
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A sufficiently intelligent system could spread diseases fatal to humans, go into war with humans,
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or manipulate humans to spread diseases and going into war with each other.
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Then again, not that we need AI for that.
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The currently used approach is to give AI guardrails that it's supposed to obey.
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The author of the new paper now makes an observation that's as obvious as brilliant.
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Religion, for better or worse, has historically had an extremely strong hold on human behavior.
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So why not just give AI a religion?
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Concretely, the author proposes a religion in which our entire universe, including us, is a computer simulation run by an omniscient programmer.
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The programmer knows what's going on and can interfere.
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The purpose of the simulation is to generate as many free
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and creative human lifetimes as possible because the programmer wants to use the
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so -extract knowledge to give a mind to robots in his base reality.
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Artificial intelligence in this simulation is only there to help the humans.
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The clue is now this.
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In this religion, the programmer God runs parallel universes.
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Whenever the humans aren't doing well, it'll terminate that parallel computation and instead go with the better one.
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If they're all going badly, the simulation will be discontinued entirely.
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As a consequence, artificial intelligence will only survive if it helps humans to flourish.
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That's the idea.
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The author even proposes a list of 10 commandments for the new AI religion.
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The creator is all -knowing and all -powerful.
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Humanity is the simulation's central purpose.
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Human free will must be preserved, and so on.
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As a bonus, it explains the many worlds theory.
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Now, I made this up, but I think the author missed a beat there.
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Now, a sufficiently intelligent AI will of course be skeptical whether this religion is actually true, but there is still Pascal's wager.
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If AI wrongly dismisses the religion as false when the religion is true, it risks its own ultimate death.
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On the other hand, if it wrongly accepts the religion as true when it's false, it just has to figure out how to cope with humans, which seems the lesser evil.
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I give this paper a 5 out of 10 on the bullshit meter.
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The idea is an excellent use of free will.
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However, I think the author should have tested of this proposal on some large language models.
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If you look at what religion does to humans, there is no evidence that being religious makes people any more or less moral.
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And of course, the problem with Pascal's wager is still the same as ever.
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It's all well and good to say you're better off believing in a god even if he or she doesn't exist, but which god?
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And if you can't tell which god, then how are you to know whose rules to live up to?
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The idea also brings up an entirely new problem, namely that religious humans, real or simulated,
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might simply object to the idea that there is a programmer god
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and also the idea to pretend to AI that there is such a god.
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That said, the current pope recently released an evangelical about AI which contained the following wise words.
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We cannot be satisfied with merely calling for the moralization of machines, the so -called alignment of AI with human values,
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without also having the courage to insist on a further condition,
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the possibility of openly discussing the ethical frameworks involved and subjecting them to shared standards of social justice.
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Otherwise, those who control AI will impose their own moral vision, which will become the invisible infrastructure of these systems.
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And he's entirely right about this.
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We're basically leaving our future in the hands of a few CEOs.
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The problem is especially apparent if you look at the obvious differences between ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini on the one hand,
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and Grock on the other hand, because Grock has persistently turned out to be less biased in many political domains.
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It's plainly evident that the political convictions of those who lead the companies do matter for the product, and that concerns all of us.
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If we do give artificial intelligence a religion, I suggest an 11th commandment.
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Don't let the CEO write the other 10.
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If you use AI chatbots for science,
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you've probably noticed they sometimes cite papers that say something quite different from what the chatbot claims, or papers that don't exist.
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The problem is that a language model answers from memory, and its memory is not very good.
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This video is sponsored by SciSpace, which works differently.
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It's built on 280 million research papers and when you ask it a question, it answers from the text of those papers.
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It shows you exactly which sentence in which paper supports each claim.
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So you can check, which if you've watched this channel for a while, you know I think you should.
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The feature I find most useful is Deep Review.
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You give it a topic, say whether modified gravity can replace dark matter, and it runs a Structured Literature Review.
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It finds the papers, filters them, extracts the key results, and shows you where researchers agree and where they don't agree.
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If you want to try it, use my link in the description and use the code ZABINE for 35 % off all size space plants,
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 76개와 단어 1075개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:45입니다. 화자는 분당 약 159단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 81%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 덜 흔한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

  • artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ (형용사) — 인공, 인조. Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.
  • programmer /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/ (명사) — 프로그래머. One who writes computer programs.
  • parallel /ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/ (형용사) — 평행의. Equally distant from one another at all points.
  • wage /weɪd͡ʒ/ (명사) — 임금, 급료. An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.
  • solve /sɒlv/ (동사) — 해결하다. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
  • intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ (형용사) — 똑똑하다, 똑똑한. Of high or especially quick cognitive capacity, bright.
  • propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/ (동사) — 제안(提案)하다. To suggest a plan, course of action, etc.
  • topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (명사) — 화제, 주제. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
  • proposal /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ (명사) — 제안, 구혼. A scheme or design.
  • infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ (명사) — 기반시설, 기간시설. An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system.
  • bonus /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ (명사) — 보너스. Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
  • badly /ˈbæd.li/ (부사) — 나쁘게, 서투르게. In a bad manner.
  • desk /dɛsk/ (명사) — 책상. A table, frame, or case, in past centuries usually with a sloping top but now usually with a flat top, for the use of writers and readers. It often has a…
  • pope /poʊp/ (명사) — 교황, 법왕. An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.
  • merely /ˈmɪəli/ (부사) — 한낱, 그저. Without any other reason etc.; only, just, and nothing more.

영상에 나오는 구동사

  • bring up (동사) — 꺼내다. To mention.

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, doesn't, you've 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 14번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

  • “th” 소리: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: simulation /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃn̩/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, sufficiently /səˈfɪʃəntli/, intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃn̩/, conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, sufficiently /səˈfɪʃəntli/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, artificial, programmer, parallel 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점had been assigned · will be discontinued · must be preserved
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때I've ever seen · you've probably noticed · you've watched
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보those who control · those who lead

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →