Shadowing Practice: Where Does Stormwater Go? - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
141 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
Cities, those dense congregations of people and buildings, have made possible economies and lifestyles our early ancestors could never have imagined.
2
Whether you thrive in or despise the concrete jungle, there is no denying its benefits.
3
Putting all the people, houses, jobs, stores, offices, and diversions in one place gives us humans opportunities
4
that wouldn't be possible if we all lived agrarian lifestyles spread out across the countryside.
5
But there are some negative consequences that come from cramming so much into such a small area.
6
At no time is this more clear than when it rains.
7
Managing the flow of runoff through a city is an immensely complex challenge that affects us in so many ways, from public safety to property rights,
8
from the environment to the health and welfare of citizens.
9
Hey, I'm Grady, and this is Practical Engineering.
10
On today's episode, we're talking about urban stormwater management.
11
This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream and Nebula.
12
Get 26 % off at the link in the description.
13
More on that later.
14
The water cycle is one of the most basic science lessons we learn.
15
So basic in fact that it's easy to forget how relevant and important it is to our lives.
16
Take a look out your window when it's raining, even when it's raining hard, and it doesn't seem that significant.
17
Some of the rain soaks into the ground, some gets taken up by plants, some gets caught in puddles,
18
and some runs off downhill, usually into the street.
19
One of the biggest challenges in a city is the proportions of all these different paths that water can take.
20
All those streets, sidewalks, buildings, and parking lots cover the ground with impervious surfaces, which means that instead of water infiltrating,
21
it runs off toward creeks and rivers, swelling them faster and higher and filling them with more pollution.
22
One of the biggest impacts on the environment of building anything is its effect on how water moves above
23
and below the ground during storms.
24
Multiply that to the scale of a city and you can see how remarkably we modify our landscape.
25
Instead of acting like a sponge to absorb rainwater as it falls, urban watersheds act like funnels.
26
gathering and concentrating rainwater runoff.
27
In this video, I want to walk you through some of the infrastructure cities use to manage this massive challenge
28
and a few new ideas in stormwater management that are slowly taking hold in urban areas.
29
Like most of the biggest challenges of building and maintaining a civilization,
30
the negative impacts from adding impervious cover don't befall the property owner doing the adding, but rather the people downstream.
31
Just like dumping pollution into the river carries it away to the next guy, it's easy to make bad drainage decisions into someone else's problem.
32
That's why most large cities have rules about how to manage runoff and flooding when new buildings or neighborhoods get built.
33
Drainage reviews are just a normal part of the process of obtaining a building permit these days.
34
If you live in a major city, just do a search for your local drainage manual to see the kinds of things that are required.
35
Increased runoff has been a problem since people started living in cities in the first place,
36
and the first way we handled it was simply to get the water out and away as quickly as possible.
37
That's because runoff creates flooding, and flooding causes billions of dollars of property damage and many lives each year.
38
This solution is in the name we still use for how cities manage storms.
39
Drainage.
40
When it rains or when it pours, we try to give that runoff somewhere to go.
41
Most cities are organized so the streets serve as the first path of flow for rainfall.
42
Individual lots are graded with a slope toward the street so
43
that water flows away from buildings where it would otherwise cause problems.
44
The standard city street has a crown in the center with gutters on either side for water to flow.
45
This keeps the road mainly dry and safe for vehicle travel, while providing a channel to convey runoff.
46
But the streets aren't the end of the line.
47
Eventually, the road will reach a natural low point and start back uphill,
48
or will have collected so much runoff that it can't hold it all in the gutter.
49
At this point, the water needs a dedicated system to carry it away.
50
In the past, it was common to simply put all the runoff from the streets directly into the sewage system.
51
It's a well -developed network of pipes flowing by gravity out of the city.
52
Why not use it for stormwater too?
53
Well, there's actually a really good reason not to do that.
54
At the end of each sanitary sewer system is a wastewater treatment plant
55
that was almost certainly not designed to process a massive influx of combined sewage
56
and stormwater runoff at the whims of Mother Nature.
57
In the worst cases, these plants have to release untreated wastewater directly into waterways
58
when it's too much to be stored or processed.
59
That's why most cities now use municipal separate storm sewer systems, usually abbreviated as MS4s.
60
These are networks of ditches, curbs, gutters, sewer pipes,
61
and outfalls solely dedicated to moving runoff from everywhere in the city to the natural waterways that eventually carry it away.
62
These inlets aren't just places for clowns to hang out.
63
They usually represent a direct path between the street and the nearest creek or river.
64
Just to be clear, there's not usually any type of treatment happening along the way.
65
These sewers are not for waste.
66
Whatever you put in the storm sewer system goes directly into a waterway, so please don't dump stuff in there.
67
It's easy to see why cities try
68
so hard to get stormwater out as fast as possible if you look at the floodplain.
69
This is just the area most likely to be inundated during a major flood.
70
Land is one of the most valuable things within a city, but its value goes way down if it's exposed to flood risk.
71
No one wants to build something on land that could be flooded.
72
That being said, humans are notoriously bad at assessing risk, and no matter where you look, you're likely to find development near creeks and rivers.
73
Getting the water out quickly reduces the depth of flooding and thus shrinks the floodplain.
74
That's a big reason why you see natural waterways in cities enlarged, straightened, and lined with concrete.
75
You can see in my demo, for the same amount of flow,
76
the channel with lots of vegetation moves water more slowly and thus at a higher depth.
77
The channel with smooth sides gets the water moving faster and thus reduces the depth of flooding.
78
But channelization isn't all it's cut out to be.
79
It's ugly for one.
80
No one wants a big, dirty concrete channel as part of their surroundings.
81
But channelization also worsens flooding downstream for the next guy and degrades the habitat of the original waterway.
82
It didn't take long for cities to realize you can't just keep widening
83
and lining channels to keep up with the increased runoff from more and more development.
84
That's why most cities now require developers to take responsibility for their own increase in runoff.
85
By and large, that means on -site storage for stormwater.
86
Retention and detention ponds act like mini -sponges, absorbing all the rain that rushes off buildings,
87
streets, and parking lots, and releasing it slowly back into waterways.
88
This shaves off the peak of the runoff with the goal of reducing it back down to
89
or less than it was before all those buildings and parking lots got built.
90
They also help reduce pollution by slowing down the water so suspended particles can settle out.
91
On -site storage is a pretty effective solution and one you'll see everywhere if you're paying attention, but it still treats stormwater as a waste product,
92
something to be gotten rid of.
93
The reality is that rain is a resource, and natural watersheds do a lot more than just getting rid of it.
94
They serve as habitat for wildlife, they naturally clean runoff with vegetation, they divert rain into the ground to recharge aquifers,
95
and they reduce flooding by by slowing down the water at the source rather than letting it quickly wash away and concentrate.
96
That's why many cities are moving toward ways to replicate and recreate natural watershed functions within developed areas.
97
In the US, this is called low -impact development, and it includes strategies like rain gardens,
98
vegetated rooftops, rain barrels, and other ways to bring more harmony between the built environment and its original hydrologic and ecological functions.
99
It can also include better management of the floodplain by using it for purposes less vulnerable to flooding, like parks and trails.
100
One low -impact strategy is permeable pavement, and I have a video just on that topic if you want to check it out after this one.
101
One thing I have to mention when talking about flooding is vehicle crossings.
102
Any location where a waterway and a road cross paths, whether it's a bridge, a culvert, or a low water crossing,
103
there's always a chance of flooding getting so bad that it overtops the road.
104
If you ever see water over the top of a roadway, just turn around.
105
Half of all flood -related deaths happen when someone tries to drive a car or truck through water over a road.
106
If you can't see the road, you have no idea how deep the water is.
107
And even if you can, it only takes a small amount of swift water to push a vehicle down into a river or creek.
108
Water is heavy.
109
Even when it's flowing slowly, floodwaters can impart a massive force on a vehicle.
110
Even if it didn't, most cars will float once the water reaches the floorboard anyway.
111
Some cities have warning systems to help block roads when they're overtopped by floods, but it's not something you should count on.
112
It just isn't worth the risk.
113
Find another way.
114
As they say, turn around, don't drown.
115
Just like cities represent a colossal alteration of the landscape and thus the natural water cycle,
116
we're also going through a colossal shift in how we think about rainfall
117
and stormwater and how we value the processes of natural watersheds.
118
Look carefully as you travel through your city
119
and you'll notice all the different pieces and parts of infrastructure that help manage water during storm events.
120
You'll see plenty of ways to get water out and away from building and streets, But you hopefully also notice elements of low -impact design,
121
ways of harnessing and benefiting from stormwater on -site.
122
treating it like the resource that it truly is.
123
If you're here at the end of the video,
124
then I have to assume that you spend your valuable free time learning new things about the world.
125
You probably also don't have time to listen to a bunch of ads, which is perfect because Nebula doesn't have any.
126
Nebula is a streaming service built by and for independent creators like MinutePhysics, Real Engineering, Wendover Productions, and a bunch of others.
127
It's a way for us to try new ideas and longer videos that might not work on YouTube,
128
and and we're super excited to be partnering with CuriosityStream,
129
a service with thousands of documentaries and non -fiction titles on pretty much every subject you can imagine.
130
CuriosityStream loves independent creators and wants to help us grow our platform,
131
so they're offering free access to Nebula when you sign up at curiositystream .com slash practicalengineering.
132
There are a lot of streaming services right now, and if you add them all up it would be hundreds of dollars a month.
133
That's why this bundle is such an awesome deal.
134
For a short time, CuriosityStream is taking 26 % off an annual plan.
135
That's only $15 a year to get access to thousands of awesome documentaries on CuriosityStream and everything on Nebula as well.
136
Watch how the Hubble telescope's images get created, or deep dive into Swiss watchmaking on CuriosityStream,
137
or watch Tom Scott pit other YouTubers against each other in his Nebula exclusive game show, Money.
138
It's a great way to support my channel and a whole host of your other favorite educational creators.
139
Plus, it's just a good deal.
140
Do us both a favor and click that link in the description.
141
Thank you for watching and let me know what you think.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
Aynı Kanal
FOR YOU
Video Öner
C11
113 cümleler
Architectural Design Process Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
133 cümleler
How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1194
141 cümleler
Self Calming: On A Rainy Day | Learn English Podcast | Podcast Healing
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
122 cümleler
C1 T2 TEST1 PART3
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
314 cümleler
When Storm Chasers Are Hit By Tornadoes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
124 cümleler
How to design streets for everyone (Universal Design)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
182 cümleler
Why Is So Much of the Amazon Still Unexplored?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C16
261 cümleler
The Human Element
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
201 cümleler
Every Level of Engineering in 15 Minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2137
16 cümleler
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
115 cümleler
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 10 URBAN PLANNING 21st century
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “Where Does Stormwater Go?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: runoff, cities, flooding, stormwater, rain. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 28 cümle ve 2096 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 11:32 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 182 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin yalnızca %81’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| flood isim | /flʌd/ | sel, su taşkını |
| sewer isim | /ˈsuɚ/ | kanalizasyon, lağım döşemi |
| creek isim | /ˈkɹiːk/ | çay, dere |
| drainage isim | /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/ | drenaj |
| concrete sıfat | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | somut |
| pollution isim | /pəˈluʃən/ | kirlilik, kirlenme |
| infrastructure isim | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | altyapı, enfrastrüktür |
| resource isim | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | kaynak |
| landscape isim | /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ | manzara, panaroma |
| documentary isim | /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ | belgesel, belgesel film |
| lifestyle isim | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | yaşantı, hayat tarzı |
| pipe isim | /ˈpaɪp/ | düdük, kaval |
| absorb fiil | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorbe etmek, soğurmak |
| vegetation isim | /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/ | vejetasyon, bitki örtüsü |
| sponge isim | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | sünger |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| slow down fiil | yavaşlamak |
| turn around fiil | çevirmek, döndürmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Koşul cümleleri if + cümle, will/would + fiil — bir koşul ve sonucu | if it didn't, most cars will float |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is sponsored · are required · are organized |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have made · has been |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | surfaces, which means · ads, which is |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, can't, we're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 28 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: smooth /smuːð/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thrive /θɹajv/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: watershed /ˈwɔtɚʃɛd/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, documentary /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, municipal /mjuˈnɪsɪpəl/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: watershed /ˈwɔtɚʃɛd/, welfare /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/, wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/, swiss /swɪs/, swift /swɪft/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: flood /flʌd/, creek /ˈkɹiːk/, drainage /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/, creator /kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/, sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; flood, sewer, creek gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.