Shadowing Practice: Why robots still can't pick strawberries - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
460 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
I mostly stayed in cheap hotels just off the motorway on my road trip.
2
But three times, because there was nowhere else nearby, I stayed in places that I would describe as fancy.
3
And at breakfast, every one of them served Tiptree jam.
4
I took photos because I knew where I was going later in the trip, when I reached the southeast and the county of Essex.
5
This is not an advert, by the way.
6
My producers reached out to Tiptree, or officially Wilkin & Sons Ltd, and they jumped at the chance to show off their strawberries,
7
their robots, and what they called their fourth -generation growing system.
8
Also, their royal warrant, because they are the jam and preserve supplier to the king.
9
We're not even going to look inside the jam factory itself.
10
This is a story about mechanization and infrastructure, and why it's really difficult for a robot to pick strawberries.
11
Hi, Future Tom here.
12
The Visit Tiptree was filmed last year on my big road trip, and obviously AI has moved at an incredible pace since then.
13
But as far as I can tell, even now, no company has developed a machine that can pick strawberries faster and cheaper than humans.
14
There are a lot of tech demos from years ago, some machines that work under test conditions, and marketing blurb and puff pieces that mention trials with prospective customers.
15
But I couldn't find any evidence of machines working at commercial scale in the real world.
16
And from what I learned at Tiptree, I think that'll still be true for a while if I'm wrong about that, then AI really will have changed everything.
17
Also, given the pace of AI, if you're thinking of changing job or career, this video's sponsor, 80 ,000 Hours, might be able to help you.
18
More on them later.
19
Anyway, please enjoy this hopefully still relevant video of a city boy repeatedly finding out that, to quote Destin from Smarter Every Day, farmers are geniuses.
20
So, I parked up outside Tiptrees HQ.
21
The air smelled sweet, like sugar and oranges, and I got a tour around with Andre, the manager of the farm, who's been working there for more than 20 years.
22
First question, I assumed that in the 21st century, a jam manufacturer would buy in their fruit,
23
because growing fruit and preserving it are two very different skill sets.
24
They started with farming, initially all cereal crops, and ventured into fruiting around 160 years ago.
25
And when they made that fruiting site success, they were only selling the fruit to the market in London.
26
But it was a long way back then and everything was carted by horse and car.
27
And by the time they reached London, the fruit was almost like, you know, at the end of the shelf life.
28
So they decided to start the jamming operation on site.
29
So 140 years is this year since we've been making jam on site.
30
We were mostly there for the strawberries and the new technology, but we took a few diversions on the way.
31
We went past the on -site solar farm and irrigation reservoirs.
32
Essex is one of the driest places in England, so Tiptree have to keep as much water as possible to get them through the summer.
33
And to contrast the modern technology with how fruits traditionally grown, we also stopped by the mulberry trees, the oldest orchard on the farm.
34
So these are century -old minimum?
35
Like, how old are they?
36
Minimum.
37
We believe 150, but we don't have a hard proof for that.
38
We know they're over 100 years because we've got pictures and they look quite grown on the picture.
39
So that's why...
40
At least a 100 -year -old mulberry tree.
41
At least a 100 -year -old mulberry tree.
42
And you're still making preserves from it.
43
Still making, yeah, still picking them and making mulberry jelly from them.
44
Next to the mulberry trees was a fruit I'd never heard of, which surprised me.
45
Look, OK, if it was in some other far -flung part of the world, but I'm in Essex.
46
This is very unusual fruit for the UK.
47
What on earth is this?
48
This is Medlar, as you can see.
49
Medlar?
50
Medlar first has been brought by the Romans to UK.
51
Oh, hello, ladybird.
52
Let's get one without the ladybird in it.
53
There we go.
54
Medlar.
55
Medlar used to be really well known.
56
It turns out all over English literature, in Shakespeare's works, in the Canterbury Tales, although that's written in the 14th century in Middle English.
57
So medlar was referred to by a very different name, open arse.
58
Whatever you call it, it gets turned into medlar jelly, which is often more an ingredient than something that you'd want to eat on its own.
59
The demand for it isn't high, so I asked, are those the actual fruits that will become medlar jelly?
60
For medlar, this has been a very good year.
61
So what we've got from our orchards, from our trees, it will be probably 100 % tip tree fruit.
62
But in other years, when the yields are smaller, it depends on the spring and the flowering and the fruit,
63
we may need to look further and go to our own, you know, neighbouring farmers around us and buy fruit for what we need.
64
How is there a fruit I've never heard of in England?
65
I just… It's very unusual.
66
I feel like somewhere in the trivia bits of my brain, I should know fruit.
67
Those are cultivated and harvested like you'd expect, with humans tending to the trees and humans picking the fruit.
68
The next stop was for a much more popular crop, the strawberries, and the third -generation growing system.
69
As we're coming now, on the left -hand side, we've got our UV robots.
70
Huh.
71
Strawberry were picked yesterday, so not many berries.
72
Not many here.
73
Oh, so yesterday there were humans up and down here.
74
Humans up and down here, picking and everything, and not many left, but you still, you know, they start to ripen again.
75
It was nearly the end of the strawberry season, at least for the ones grown inside the tunnels.
76
This is open, so the control of weather, of the climate inside is limited, very little.
77
The polytunnel is going to keep the rain away.
78
It's going to act a little bit like a greenhouse, but not much when you've got open boats.
79
It's literally acting as an umbrella, keeping the plants dry, basically.
80
Beyond that, it's very little help on the plant.
81
And that's why these fruits, as you can see, it's less left on the plant and everything.
82
There's not much coming behind.
83
So this was the third generation system.
84
What does that actually mean?
85
First generation would be plant the strawberries in the ground.
86
Yeah, plant in the ground.
87
Second generation?
88
Second generation ridge bed.
89
We were, you know, raising earth by pushing it together and covered with mulch, and putting irrigation to the middle,
90
a tape for irrigating and concentrating the roots on.
91
And of course, the third generation getting them up in the air like this.
92
That's not going to be cheap.
93
Sure, there's going to be less back strain for the people picking them, but there's got to be other reasons to lift strawberries up into the air, because there's perfectly good soil down on the ground.
94
We stop applying herbicides, so we do not apply herbicides anymore.
95
What's the difference in the soil in the pot versus the soil down on the ground
96
that means you don't have to apply herbicide?
97
So basically when your strawberries are on the ground, you can see they're falling down, the grass is growing through and everything,
98
so you have to keep it cleaner around to not get the fungus and disease on the berries.
99
Oh, right.
100
So you have to keep almost, you know, have to keep the grass non -existent.
101
Otherwise grass puts vapour humidity around the plant and everything,
102
and that way you get more problems disease -wise.
103
Whereas that's just soil, that's just potted, I don't say clean soil, because soil isn't clean, it should have some stuff in it, but it's...
104
It's a substrate, it's actually the stuff
105
which is in here it's not soil it's not soil it's a coconut husk crushed coconut crushed coconut husk yeah huh
106
and it's acting just as a material which retains a little bit of moisture
107
and also the root is growing very very well in that
108
because it's nice and fluffy and
109
if i squeeze it oh right it's like a sponge
110
and now it's almost dry you can wet it
111
and dry it as you like and the coconut producers who are creating coconut milk
112
and coconut water don't want the husk don't want the husk
113
that was a waste product in country where the coconut grows
114
and the industry very cleverly turned it into useful product
115
which after use that can be spread on the ground and it acts as as an enhancer to the soil, basically.
116
It lightens up the ground.
117
Huh.
118
So you don't have to use herbicide partly because you're not touching the ground, but partly because that's not soil.
119
It doesn't have other seeds or grasses or weeds in it.
120
There are other things to deal with apart from weeds, though.
121
They also need an insecticide.
122
Don't worry if you're scared of creepy crawlies.
123
I'm not going to show anything.
124
Nowadays, applying biological control.
125
So these are little spiders, which are put in the crop.
126
You shake spiders over...
127
Shake spiders and put them in the crop.
128
You can bulk order spiders.
129
Connect.
130
It's a targeted predator for the things that attack strawberries.
131
Technically, those bottles have predatory mites, which are arachnids but aren't spiders if you're being really pedantic.
132
But close enough, it's tiny, tiny, tiny things with eight legs.
133
Yes.
134
Wow!
135
So that way, another element from the pesticides is taken away.
136
Did you have that bottle ready for this demonstration?
137
Was that one?
138
No, I didn't.
139
You probably go around and you'll find more bottles.
140
Andre didn't say that biological control is the only insecticide they use, just that the mites reduce how much they need.
141
And I'm sure none of this is news to anyone who lives outside a city, but as someone whose hands are best suited for typing, that blew me away.
142
Okay, so that's reducing herbicides and insecticides.
143
What about fungicides?
144
That's where the robot comes, so the UV -C robot comes.
145
UV -C?
146
Oh, that's not the name of the robot.
147
That's UV light?
148
It's a UV light?
149
UV -C is the particularly dangerous ultraviolet light.
150
Well, they're all dangerous.
151
UV -A causes aging and some skin cancers.
152
UV -B causes sunburn and more cancers.
153
UV -C is usually blocked by the atmosphere, but it's the nasty stuff that comes from welding torches and art lamps, and it can give you severe burns and blindness.
154
I did find being that close to UVC lights, even turned off, was a bit uncomfortable.
155
The robot walks the corpse three times a week and does it at nighttime.
156
Yes, because you can't have anyone near this when it's running.
157
That's...
158
You actually can if you have all the equipment needed.
159
So you've got special glasses and shield, basically and as soon as you stay away from it with the special glasses, it's absolutely safe for the human.
160
That is twice I've been confidently wrong so far, once about soil and once about UV light.
161
Not just the safety, but also the reason they run it at night.
162
It works better overnight.
163
It works better overnight?
164
The plant's defences are down, and scientifically the powdery mildew responds better when you do night -lend things.
165
Huh.
166
That voice from off -camera was Ella, an agricultural mechatronics technician from Antobot.
167
This is your robots, then?
168
Yeah, my companies, but yeah, I built them.
169
I can get them to move for you and navigate.
170
Yeah, go for it.
171
Just don't turn the UV on.
172
It's not too bad.
173
If you just stand here, you'll be fine.
174
Look, I've just read too many articles about concerts
175
or events where someone used cheaper or mislabeled UVC bulbs instead of human -safe ones and nearly blinded people, OK?
176
UV -C scares the hell out of me.
177
But Ella is right, it would be fine from that distance.
178
Later on they gave me a face shield and welder's cream so I could film the close -up shots.
179
Can we follow it?
180
Yeah, we can follow.
181
The middle row, obviously, it goes slower because it's wider
182
and they still need the same kind of exposure because we have set treatment protocols for how much UV the plants need.
183
Yeah, we've been at Tiptree for three years now and we've just been scaling up and scaling up.
184
We have roughly seven operational robots and we are here almost every night.
185
This feels like a fairly simple job for a robot.
186
I know there's going to be all sorts of real -world technical things, but you've got a LiDAR scanner, you've got the width detection, keep it going straight, keep it at a certain pace.
187
Yeah, yeah, I mean, you make it sound so simple.
188
Well, that's the thing, it always seems simple until you meet the real world.
189
Yes, yes, exactly.
190
The goal is to get to the point where they don't need operators on site.
191
Someone can just sit at the base, making sure it's all fine, or even better, work on something else and only pay attention if the system warns them that something's wrong.
192
With the new systems, with the new greenhouse we are building, we're making it much more easy for the robots to operate.
193
That's our idea.
194
It's not only the UV on this robot.
195
The robots, they've got cameras as well they actually are taking pictures of
196
every inch every every millimeter of the of the plant
197
and the architecture of the plant
198
and everything it gives you prediction for example it counts the
199
buds counts the flowers counts the berries we use um like
200
a really trained ai model to recognize each strawberry put a bounding box get the ripeness count
201
and then ideally what we do is Obviously that runs overnight, and then by the morning we've produced a report
202
and send it to the farmers
203
and then they have a rough idea of the ripeness count and the yield prediction for that day.
204
Yeah.
205
So this is it.
206
It's a little bit rough.
207
It's all a work in progress still, but that's their plan.
208
That's the third generation growing system.
209
Let's go see the fourth, the new growing system, now ten years old and this was where it felt like we were moving from agriculture to infrastructure.
210
We'll talk about that after the break.
211
I talked earlier about folks who are looking to change job or career.
212
If you are wondering what to do with your life, 80 ,000 Hours is a non -profit that helps people find careers that are fulfilling and also do good in the world.
213
They've got a decade of research, and this year they completely revised their career guide to help people in the increasingly automated world that we now live in.
214
And, if you'd prefer to try and make sure AI goes well and helps everyone, rather than concentrates power in the hands of a few,
215
they have researched what you might actually be able to do about that.
216
All their advice is free, forever, because they're a non -profit, they're not selling anything.
217
And the thing that makes me most confident about them, if they're not sure about something, they'll say so.
218
Their advice changes with the times, and they don't claim to have every answer.
219
They want to help people.
220
who want to do good.
221
So if you want to figure out what to do with the 80 ,000 hours in an average working life, there's a link on screen and in the description.
222
Join the mailing list and you'll get their free career guide.
223
Good luck for the future, and for now, back to the strawberries.
224
The fourth -generation growing system was inside a climate -controlled greenhouse.
225
Everything carefully managed with row after row after row of strawberry plants suspended in mid -air.
226
More plants per square meter, more plants per linear meter, and then, of course, better production.
227
We've reduced the footprint in these structures by a third, comparing to just doing it in the soil.
228
We've also increased the production season, so we're kind of starting to pick around May, and we finish here in November.
229
I remember, when I was a kid, being taken a couple of times to a farm that offered pick -your -own strawberries, which guaranteed that they would be as fresh as possible,
230
and also gave parents an excuse to let the kids run around and exhaust themselves.
231
But those farms weren't open for more than a couple of months, maybe three months at most.
232
Those strawberries are producing fruit for half the year.
233
It goes from that into a flower like the white ones we've got there.
234
Yeah.
235
And then from the centre of the flower you get something like that coming out.
236
That's the berry.
237
There we go, there's the berry and that then grows into the red fruit that we, well, into the white fruit initially, and then just overhead, there we go,
238
there's one just overhead there.
239
And that will happen over and over again with the same plant, at least with these varieties of strawberries.
240
You keep fruiting, keep fruiting, up until November time even, and then end of November, when the temperature drops, light level disappears and everything,
241
The ripening process, it happens from whiteberry, from green slowly turning, you can see from the tip,
242
to the shoulders, it takes more than like 10, 15 days.
243
And by the time it ripens at the top, the tip is already soft, it's spoiled.
244
So at that point you kind of give up and say you're done for the year.
245
The ripening process has to go fast enough, Otherwise, you end up with a half -unripe, half -rotten strawberry.
246
But still, six months to the year is pretty good.
247
The best part of this greenhouse design, by the way, is the vertical rows, because I assumed that those positions were to allow access.
248
You can pick one set of strawberries at chest height, and one by reaching up a little.
249
Nope, Ron, it's far more clever than that.
250
The lines can move up and down, and once we finish picking this line, we just press a button and they swap.
251
No!
252
Oh.
253
They do?
254
And I can demonstrate that.
255
Yeah.
256
It happens very slow.
257
Those are all on winches.
258
You're kidding me.
259
There you go.
260
So I've just put that side.
261
Yeah.
262
And they start moving.
263
One line comes down.
264
One line goes up.
265
Every other line.
266
Yes, they do.
267
I mean, it's very slow.
268
I'm hoping that's showing up on camera.
269
but that one there is steadily descending the one behind it is going yeah they've swapped
270
so i'm up there again like i'm going to try
271
and just reach up to get this shot there is a whole rotating system basically can swap them over
272
or turn them
273
and that's this whole set then all the way down there yeah with one motor that's incredible that's so much weight Okay, how far does that go down?
274
That's like 20, 30 metres down.
275
That's 40 metres.
276
40 metres.
277
All of those rows, 40 metres long, all moving up and down.
278
The wet substrate, the leaves, the fruit, everything, all of it can move.
279
If you take from here to the next bay, it's about ten times per bay.
280
It's a lot of weight, but it's done very cleverly.
281
Right.
282
Because you have one down, one up.
283
They're done on counterbalance.
284
You're not lifting.
285
Neither you're dropping.
286
You're just balancing.
287
It's just rotating and balancing.
288
Oh, that's clever.
289
So basically the motors are doing very little work.
290
They're only rotating.
291
That's so clever.
292
If you would like to do, you know, if you have an empty line and two full lines, then you have a problem.
293
oh yes that's true okay or different varieties
294
or different lot you have a problem but if you
295
if you counterbalancing them then you're absolutely fine we were the first company in uk to bring the technology here
296
and it was 10 years ago first of its kind in the country for strawberries So why not add more?
297
Because there are vertical farms in the world, places that will add layer on layer on layer, a skyscraper of produce.
298
With this system we're using every inch of the surface available for growing.
299
That's the beauty of the whole system.
300
Right.
301
That's what I hadn't got until just now, which is that you can't add more than this because you're using literally all the sunlight.
302
Yeah.
303
So basically, this structure is using all the natural resources, like the sunlight and everything.
304
We don't have any artificial lighting and everything.
305
So that's why we cannot add any more we actually
306
when we level the lines underneath is almost dark right cannot
307
we initially we started here uh with 19 lines per bay
308
but that was way too much the strawberry were close together
309
they were touching when you offset them and everything
310
and then slowly with kind of a space the mouth space enough to find the balance
311
and that's where we've got them 12 lines almost per bay, and we kind of balance them very beautifully.
312
What an operation.
313
I'm just in awe of the scale of it.
314
There's more infrastructure to make sure all the plants are watered evenly, a micro -irrigation system, sensors to turn the water pumps on and off,
315
fancy soft pipes that drip specific amounts of water per hour, climate control that opens or closes the greenhouse windows, turns fans on and off,
316
all of it fed back to a central monitoring system and thankfully, because I didn't want to be cheeky and ask, Andre offered me a strawberry.
317
There's another couple of days before we start picking here, but hopefully I'll find something.
318
There you go.
319
So you have to.
320
Look at that.
321
So what variety did you say this was?
322
This is Aurora Karima, or Karima we call it.
323
Aurora Karima.
324
The aroma, you can actually smell the aroma at this time of the year.
325
Yeah, and you can eat it when you eat it.
326
It's always like you have to have the best experience in terms of juiciness,
327
flavor, and, you know, the perfect strawberry shape as well.
328
That sometimes could be an issue, it depends on the, you know, on the temperatures and everything is combined.
329
I'm so used to just supermarket strawberries that don't taste that good.
330
That's incredible.
331
I think that was the best strawberry I've ever tasted.
332
Because there is continual research and development in farming, there are new varieties, new cultivars of strawberries.
333
I looked up Aurora Karima.
334
It was only developed in the last few years.
335
Researchers crossbred existing varieties with the traits they want, using endless trial and error.
336
Some cultivars will be optimised for hardiness, they don't bruise during transport or rot while they're on the way to supermarket shelves.
337
Some will be optimised for size, so they look good.
338
And some, maybe because they're going to the jam factory immediately after being picked, are optimised for long growing seasons and taste.
339
I have never tasted a strawberry that good, and I swear this is not an advert.
340
They always taste better straight from the plant.
341
Right, of course they do, of course they do.
342
Oh, thank you.
343
You're very well.
344
I'm going to go off and ask about the robots before I just try to eat every strawberry in here.
345
That tastes so good.
346
Which brings me to the strawberry -picking robots.
347
Andre introduced me to Dr Vishu from the University of Essex, along with his colleague Daniel.
348
They're developing a low -cost robot for strawberry -picking.
349
And city -dweller here may not know much about agriculture or farming and may be easily impressed by modern farming techniques,
350
but I do know a bit about computer vision and robot movement.
351
And I know that this is one of the most difficult, repetitive tasks you could ask a robot to do.
352
It's the first generation platform.
353
It's called as the Beast.
354
Okay.
355
So first generation?
356
First generation because we've already built a second generation
357
which is a low -cost platform and the third generation is currently under development.
358
So this one costs about £100 ,000.
359
Okay.
360
The third generation is a 10 times reduction in cost while retaining the precision and speed.
361
Let's see the robot.
362
Strawberry picking is a very complex task because it involves perception, the vision system, the action system, the decision making which berry to pick,
363
soft interaction because we don't touch the berry, it's soft and easily damaged.
364
These are all things that traditionally robots are not good at.
365
Problem number one is just identifying a ripe strawberry.
366
Every strawberry is different, so the colour, the shape, the size, the cluster in which it's coming in, there are occlusions because of leaves.
367
Yeah, because problem number one is not identifying a strawberry, it's identifying a strawberry in the middle of a bush.
368
And which is ripe and pickable.
369
They've built a.. a deep learning model for it, which seemed like overkill to me, but I was wrong again, because it doesn't just have to identify the berry.
370
That would be simple.
371
It's the red thing.
372
But it has to identify which stem belongs to that berry in three -dimensional space, work out if its clipper can reach it, and then go into position.
373
So it's completely 3D printed, and there are a lot of other interesting things in the design like the stem holder
374
because now it's too windy so even the berry moves the stem holder stabilizes the stem
375
and there is a soft material here
376
which basically holds the berry once it's cut this is something that's
377
so easy for humans you can you just reach in with your hand
378
and yeah and it comes off yeah so because we can't make contact
379
and there is no additional sensing we don't put any camera or anything on the gripper, so this also reduces the cost of the system.
380
I was going to ask why, because presumably the more data you have… We want to have the structure perform the function.
381
Oh, that's a nice way of putting it.
382
The design already gives it the capability to perform that interaction, hence reduces the computational overhead.
383
There are other companies working on this, both in the UK and elsewhere.
384
Some of those products are extremely expensive.
385
One competitor's robot costs £30 ,000, requires a recurring subscription, and involves large amounts of custom -manufactured equipment.
386
Others are very, very slow.
387
And most of them don't seem to have cleared the awkward phase yet.
388
This is going to try and pick strawberries now.
389
Hopefully.
390
Hopefully.
391
Not quite.
392
It did manage to pick strawberries quite well, sometimes. And...
393
Yes!
394
Right now it's dropping, but now it's going to...
395
There will be a basket there, right?
396
Yes, there will be a basket, but now there is no berry, so it's searching, searching, searching, searching.
397
OK, but, like, that...
398
What startled me there is that it managed to move all of the other ones out the way.
399
There was a whole cluster there.
400
Yes.
401
There was a whole...
402
So, OK, it's going to come in on this one here.
403
I think it should.
404
Oh!
405
Or it might try and stab itself.
406
To be fair, once it got reset, it did get on a roll.
407
It's fully autonomous, so, I mean, once you press it...
408
Oh, that's good.
409
That's spot on.
410
Hey!
411
I think it'll go for this one now.
412
Okay, that's a perfect straw video.
413
That's a little high for it.
414
It got it!
415
Okay, I...
416
Now he's searching, searching, searching, searching, searching.
417
Yeah.
418
I...
419
Uh...
420
It's actually good. That.. you...
421
There is some damage...
422
You shouldn't sound quite so surprised by that.
423
This is a really difficult task, and they're using off -the -shelf components.
424
I think it likes this one.
425
It should pick this from my...
426
But can it?
427
Let's find out.
428
It is a bit close.
429
That's a bit close to me.
430
It does, yeah.
431
Yeah.
432
Spot on.
433
Spot on both the robot and they got that in focus, which was nice.
434
No, that's a tricky cluster.
435
I'm aware that the audience is going to see the robot fail a lot here.
436
Sometimes it's going to nail it, sometimes it's not.
437
I don't want to make this, oh, the robot doesn't work, because it clearly does sometimes and your job is to just...
438
Make it precise.
439
Make it precise enough.
440
I'm wary of saying that it will be a long time before a robot can pick strawberries to a human standard.
441
After all, four years ago, it was going to be a long time before a robot could write poetry.
442
Two years ago, it was going to be a long time before a robot could create realistic fake video.
443
But despite all that, it still seems like it should be a long time before picking strawberries better than humans is possible.
444
After all, humans can reach out and get immediate feedback and the nerves in our fingers.
445
There are companies working on that too, but the cost is immense.
446
And like, you could build all of those things into it, but then you have a million -pound robot that...
447
Yeah, yeah.
448
And touch is still not to the level that you can get precise feedback from it.
449
So haptics is a little bit too far away because we don't want to make any contact because these are very, very easily deformable.
450
Yeah.
451
If you squeeze in the wrong place, It just...
452
Just a little bit of force and the berry gets blemished.
453
In theory, a strawberry -picking robot would put humans out of work the same way
454
that every agricultural and mechanization advance has put humans out of work, or at least change what those jobs involve.
455
Farmers in England do struggle to recruit enough seasonal workers.
456
There aren't currently enough people to pick all the fruit.
457
That said, I think there's still a few growing seasons, at least, before the robots are going to be competitive.
458
Not quite.
459
Next time, or right now, on Nebula, But I fill in a gap in my map
460
and realize that I don't know nearly as much about clocks as I thought I did.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
📺 Aynı Kanal
B22
The world's most frustrating work of art
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
The secret underground pipeline across Britain
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B12
The never-used road where the BBC crash cars
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Flying a plane badly, on purpose.
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Why Britain Uses Separate Hot and Cold Taps
British AccentCambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
How much helium does it take to lift a person?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
This Video Is 2D And 3D Simultaneously: the Pulfrich Effect
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
Making an international standard cup of tea
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Will YouTube Ever Run Out Of Video IDs?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
The US-Canada border splits this road down the middle
British AccentTravel EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B12
This 1970s tank simulator drives through a tiny world
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
How can you legally fly a plane designed in 1910?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Why California's musical road sounds terrible
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
If Educational Videos Were Filmed Like Music Videos
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
This 100-year-old ride must never change again.
British AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
I get excited about &.
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Testing the world's longest echo
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Thomas, a tank engine, is not Thomas the Tank Engine.
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Video Öner
B21
409 cümleler
I think AI slop is about to trigger a renaissance, actually
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
111 cümleler
Rolling a Reliant Robin | Top Gear | BBC
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
169 cümleler
World’s most advanced robotic warehouse (AI automation)
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2330
33 cümleler
Tokyo’s Vertical Farms - The Future of Farming | WIRED
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
38 cümleler
Internet of Things (IoT) Explained in 3 minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
32 cümleler
Gemini Robotics 2 brings whole body intelligence to robots
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
196 cümleler
Something Weird Happens When You See How Connected Everything Is
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
331 cümleler
Dear Higgsfield, I reverse engineered you in 12 hours
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2278 cümleler
Fastest way to become an AI Engineer in 2026
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
38 cümleler
The importance of detasseling for agriculture innovation and making corn more weather resilient
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
122 cümleler
The Rise of the Machines – Why Automation is Different this Time
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
546 cümleler
Do Elite Degrees Still Matter In The AI Era? | Jamie Beaton from Crimson Education | EP 410
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “Why robots still can't pick strawberries” videosuna dayanıyor. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 397 cümle ve 5129 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 30:41 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 167 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin %82’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| strawberry isim | /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/ | çilek |
| robot isim | /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/ | robot |
| berry isim | /ˈbɛɹi/ | meyve, yemiş |
| soil isim | /sɔɪl/ | toprak |
| coconut isim | /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/ | Hindistan cevizi |
| metre isim | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metre |
| spider isim | /ˈspaɪ̯dɚ/ | örümcek |
| farmer isim | /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ | ziraatçı, çiftçi |
| greenhouse isim | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | sera, limonluk |
| infrastructure isim | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | altyapı, enfrastrüktür |
| layer isim | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | katman, tabaka |
| grass isim | /ɡɹɑːs/ | ot, çimen |
| clever sıfat | /ˈklɛv.ɚ/ | becerikli |
| precise sıfat | /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ | dakik, kesin |
| cluster isim | /ˈklʌstɚ/ | salkım |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak | |
| come down fiil | düşmek | |
| come out fiil | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | çıkmak |
| figure out fiil | açığa çıkarmak | |
| go off fiil | patlamak | |
| look up fiil | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | yukarı bakmak |
| show off fiil | hava atmak | |
| take away fiil | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | götürmek |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- And you’re still making preserves from it?
- You can bulk order spiders?
- Did you have that bottle ready for this demonstration?
- You’ll probably go around, and you’ll find more bottles.
- This is your robots, then?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — önceden başlayıp hâlâ süren bir eylem | who's been working · we've been making · we've just been scaling |
| Koşul cümleleri if + cümle, will/would + fiil — bir koşul ve sonucu | If you just stand here, you'll be · if they're not sure about something, they'll say |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has moved · has developed · have changed |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | was filmed · was carted · has been brought |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, you're, we've gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 116 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, shield /ˈʃild/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: weed /wiːd/, squeeze /skwiːz/, swap /ˈswɑp/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: strawberry /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/, spider /ˈspaɪ̯dɚ/, crop /kɹɑp/, stem /stɛm/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, fancy /ˈfæn.si/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, basket /ˈbæskɪt/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; strawberry, robot, berry gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.