Shadowing Practice: Why The War on Drugs Is a Huge Failure - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Over 40 years ago, US President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse public enemy number one, starting an unprecedented global campaign, the War on Drugs.
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Today, the numbers are in.
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The War on Drugs is a huge failure, with devastating unintended consequences.
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It led to mass incarceration in the US; to corruption, political destabilization, and violence in Latin America, Asia, and Africa; to systemic human rights abuses across the world.
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It negatively affected the lives of millions of people.
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All of this while we waste billions of dollars every year only to create and fuel powerful drug cartels while the goal of the War on Drugs seems less achievable than ever: a world without drugs.
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How could this happen?
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The core strategy of the War on Drugs is “no drugs, no problems”.
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So almost all of the efforts in the last few decades have been focused on eradicating the supply of drugs and incarcerating drug traffickers.
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But this ignores the most fundamental of market forces, supply and demand.
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If you reduce the supply of anything without reducing the demand first, its price goes up.
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This might lower sales for many products, but not for drugs.
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The drugs market is not price-sensitive.
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Drugs will be consumed no matter what they cost.
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So the effect is to encourage production of more drugs and recruitment of more traffickers, which increases availability.
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This is also known as the balloon effect: even if drug production or a major supply route is destroyed, the supply for the end user is not reduced.
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A perfect example of this is crystal meth.
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The US Government tried to stop its production by strictly regulating the sale of chemicals used to manufacture the drug.
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This forced big meth producers out of business, but the unintended consequences were that thousands of small-scale operations started all over the country, mostly in small towns and rural communities, using chemicals that weren’t regulated.
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In response to this, some US states wanted to reduce the supply of home-grown meth by regulating even more chemicals, which reduced small-scale meth production drastically.
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But the supply of meth still stayed the same.
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Mexican drug cartels immediately took over and opened big production operations.
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Their meth was even better than it was before, and they had lots of experience in smuggling.
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So all these efforts made meth production more professional, the drug more potent, while supply wasn’t reduced at all.
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You can’t win this war on the supply side.
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Not only are drugs widely available, demand unbroken, and some drugs purer than in the past, with a budget of around $30 billion, the US Drug Enforcement Agency has an efficiency rate of less than 1% when it comes to stopping the flow of drugs into the US and inside the US.
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For many minors around the world, it’s as easy to get illegal drugs as alcohol.
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But it doesn’t stop here.
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Prohibition may prevent a certain amount of people from taking drugs, but in the process it causes huge damage to society as a whole.
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Many of the problems we associate with drug use are actually caused by the war against them.
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For example, prohibition makes drugs stronger.
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The more potent drugs you can store in as little space as possible, the more profit you’ll make.
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It was the same during alcohol prohibition, which led to an increased consumption of strong liquor over beer.
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The prohibition of drugs also led to more violence and murders around the world.
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Gangs and cartels have no access to the legal system to settle disputes, so they use violence.
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This led to an ever-increasing spiral of brutality.
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According to some estimates, the homicide rate in the US is 25–75% higher because of the War on Drugs.
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And in Mexico, the country on the frontline, an estimated 164,000 have been murdered between 2007 and 2014, more people than in the war zones of Afghanistan and Iraq in the same period, combined.
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But where the War on Drugs might do the most damage to society is the incarceration of non-violent drug offenders.
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For example, the United States, one of the driving forces of the War on Drugs, has 5% of the world’s total population, but 25% of the world’s prison population, largely due to the harsh punishments and mandatory minimums.
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Minorities suffer because of this especially.
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African Americans make up 40% of all US prison inmates.
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And while white kids are more likely to abuse drugs, black kids are 10 times more likely to get arrested for drug offenses.
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OK, but is there actually something different we could do?
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Is there a way out of this mess?
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In the 1980s, Switzerland experienced a public health crisis related to heroin use.
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HIV rates skyrocketed and street crime became a problem.
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Swiss authorities tried a new strategy: harm reduction.
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They opened free heroin maintenance centers, where addicts would be treated and stabilized.
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Here, people would be given free heroin of high quality, they would get clean needles and have access to safe injection rooms, showers, beds, and medical supervision.
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Social workers help them find housing and deal with other problems in their lives.
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The results were a sharp drop in drug-related crime and two thirds of the people in the centers got regular jobs, because now they could focus on getting better insetad of financing their addiction.
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Today, over 70% of all heroin addicts in Switzerland receive treatment.
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HIV infections have dropped drastically.
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Deaths from heroin overdoses have dropped by 50%.
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And drug-related street sex work and crime has been reduced enormously.
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So there are methods that are not only way cheaper, but also actually work, instead of creating more problems.
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Drug prohibition led to a system that bulldozes human rights, costs vasts sums of money, and creates a lot of human misery, all in pursuit of an unobtainable goal.
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After 40 years of fighting, it’s time to finally end the War on Drugs and move on to something better.
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This video was supported by the Open Society Foundations and by viewer donations on Patreon.
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If you want to learn more about how you can influence drug policy, check out the Stop the Harm campaign.
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We finally have some merchandise!
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If you want your own Kurzgesagt poster, T-shirt, mug, or stickers of little monsters, you can get them now at the DFTBA store!
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Subtitles by the Amara.org community
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 64 cümle ve 1056 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 6:26 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 164 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin %84’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| prohibition isim | /ˌpɹoʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ | yasak, memnuiyet |
| heroine isim | /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ | kadın kahraman |
| regulate fiil | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | regüle etmek |
| harm isim | /hɑːm/ | zarar, hasar |
| consequence isim | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | sonuç, netice |
| addict isim | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | bağımlı, müptela |
| vast sıfat | /væst/ | dev, engin |
| ignore fiil | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | görmezden gelmek |
| sharp sıfat | /ʃɑɹp/ | keskin, sivri |
| sensitive sıfat | /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ | alıngan, darılgan |
| violent sıfat | /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ | şiddetli |
| encourage fiil | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | teşvik etmek, cesaretlendirmek |
| suffer fiil | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | çekmek, acı çekmek |
| producer isim | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | üretici |
| worker isim | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | işçi, emekçi |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| check out fiil | gözden geçirmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | will be consumed · is also known · weren't regulated |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have been · have been murdered · have dropped |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı can't, doesn't, wasn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 5 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: prohibition /ˌpɹoʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: prohibition /ˌpɹoʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/, minority /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; prohibition, heroine, regulate gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.