Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: OWASP Top 10 Explained
Đang tạo bài học...
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where we will look at security risk based on the OWASP top 10.
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So we have these top 10 security risks here, which we are going to dive into.
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We will be looking at what they are and how we can prevent and protect our web application against them.
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So first off, we have the injection.
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And what is injection?
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An injection of code is when a given user, for example, we see here,
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are trying to input something into a user input field that is not intended there.
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In this case we are looking at SQL injection.
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There are other injection forms, for example OS command.
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But here we are looking at SQL injection where in a username
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and password field a user could try to input some SQL statement
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that will in all cases return true
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and then the database will just act on that and return all the information in that given table.
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So for example here he has said that if 1 equals 1 which is always true then this should
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act upon that and most likely if your web location are vulnerable to that you will be
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returning information that the users are not intended to see or the malicious users are not intended to see.
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So this is one of the attacks that is very important to protect against
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and we still see even larger companies in 2020 being vulnerable to this attack.
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So this is definitely something to pay attention to.
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And the way that you can prevent this is to check the input
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that users are given and not only in the front end
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but also in the back end because if you take front end
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verification only and validation then the users can again just manipulate the HTML
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and JavaScript on the local browser machine
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and then request your server by going around these validations
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so you also have to have backend validation to ensure
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that people are not just going around because then it doesn't make any sense to to have front-end protection.
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So the second one is broken authentication.
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And broken authentication is when your application is vulnerable to,
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for example, session hijacking, where a user is logging in and he is getting an ID which says,
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okay, this is this particular user and he has these right.
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But then an attacker somehow using a vulnerability in your web application
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is capable of getting this ID or this token and then he is acting like he was this user
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and can thereby make changes to the application in a way that this user has access to.
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And a way to prevent this is of course never deploy any default credentials, store the passwords
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using a one-way hash function such that
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if your database of user accounts is getting leaked you You should not just store these passwords in plain text
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so that everybody can use other people's credentials.
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You also need to ensure that there are, for example, a limited attempt of authentication to the server
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such that you cannot make a script that tries a thousand different password combinations in a minute
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Because what human will do that if they actually have a real account on your system?
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Basically no one.
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So that is another way.
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And then we have the sensitive data exposure
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and a good example here is when yahoo got hit by this and they actually
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confirmed that three billion user accounts were affected by this hacking attack meaning
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that three billion user accounts got some of their information leaked in different hacking forums
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and online where it was public for people who knew how to access it to view.
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And that is of course not something that nobody ever wants for their application.
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And a good way again to prevent this is use a password hashing function to store passwords
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because if the database is then leaked you at least are sure that it is not in plain text.
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and you should also be careful of what protocols you are using in order to check
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that what is coming in and out of your system is using the right security protocol
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and is not communicating in plain text.
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For example, you should never have your web application communicating with the server in plain HTTP,
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but you should also always use an encrypted protocol, for example, HTTPS.
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Then we have the XML external entities,
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and that is something that happens when an application is passing XML inputs and responses back and forth.
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and when an application is doing this and this is not in an encrypted way,
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an attacker might be able to manipulate with the input to the server in XML
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and then request something from the server that was not intended by the developers.
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So it is very important here that you implement, if you are using XML, that you implement a positive whitelisting such
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that it is only a limited amount of input that is valid for your XML request.
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Because then all XML input that is not part of this whitelisting will simply be blocked.
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and thereby limiting the damage that such attack can inflict on your application.
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Then we have number five, which is the broken access control.
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A broken access control is, as we see here, when you have different roles for users,
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and these roles have different authorization mechanisms mechanisms, for example, a basic user can log in, he can see his profile name,
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profile page, and he can change his own password.
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Then you might have an admin role
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that can view all the other users profiles
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and he can maybe make changes to the web application itself to make it behave in different ways.
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And when these are conflicting
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and you are not have not implemented this in the right way you might risk
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that malicious users try to exploit this access control by getting
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by getting themselves into a position where they have in your applications view a higher
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authentication authorization than intended by you so they will try to get access to admin level
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where they can do some stuff that they were not intended to because they were only the basic users
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And a good way to prevent this is always follow the principle of least privileged,
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meaning that you should never give a given role more access than
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that needs because there's no reason for for example an admin to be able to change a password
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and see passwords of the roles beneath him
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because why should an admin ever go into a web application
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and see these because the developers will always have access to the main database
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if they are trusted and can see this information.
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And again, if you use a secure way of storing the password, not even the developers will be able to see it because the passwords are hashed.
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So there are definitely something that you should consider when implementing access control within your web application.
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Then we have the security misconfiguration and
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that is pretty much as the name says when you have an application
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and you have configured in a way that make it vulnerable you are in real problem.
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For example, that could be that you have unprotected files or that we saw with the web server.
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If you have files placed on a server that is actually public but you are thinking it's private, then people might get access to this information anyways.
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A good way to prevent against this is to remove
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and never install any unnecessary features or dependencies into your server
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or in the development of your application because the less features
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and the less dependencies and packages and libraries you are having on the server
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and the web application the easier it is to control
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and the less likely you are to miss some of these configurations up and make your application vulnerable.
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Then we have the cross-site scripting where people are trying to input stuff into,
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for example, user input fields similar to when we saw SQL indexing.
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But here we are seeing it such that people try to, for example, in an input field,
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inject some scripts that is then going to be saved to the database, for example, in a comment field.
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And then when another user tries to go into the web page like he normally would,
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then that comment field is getting loaded from the database and then the script might get executed on his machine,
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even though the attacker and the user has never interacted directly.
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He is still getting attacked by this hacker
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because he managed to save some script in the database
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and the database and application just loaded it because it thought that it was a basic comment.
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So it's also important to be very aware of this and also use the right frameworks to protect against this.
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So again be aware of what framework you are using
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and try to use the standard within that framework to escape these types of attack.
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by for example have validation in your input fields and never allow your application to store
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certain types of signs in the database.
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It will insecure deserialization when data is stored or transmitted it is done so in bytes and and these are serialized.
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As we see here, when you have a basic object and you want to transfer that, it is getting serialized into a stream of bytes
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which is then going into for example the database
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or into memory on the machine and then
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when you want to read this again you transfer this from a stream of bytes where it has been stored
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into the actual object again.
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If you are not aware of how this is working,
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you can open up for modification of this when the serialization is happening.
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So that the object that you serialized is not the same, which is getting transferred back into an object when it is deserialized.
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And that might damage the application or the data source that you wanted to save.
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So a good way to prevent against this is to implement integrity checks
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and encrypt the serialization of the object to prevent that malicious people
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or people outside the application scope can read and temper with this stream of bytes.
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And then we have number nine, which is using components with known vulnerabilities.
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This is also similar to the security misconfiguration.
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So when you are using different components or libraries in your web application, you should always update them and keep them updated,
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because new vulnerabilities might be discovered after you build your application.
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And if you are not updating these, your application will be vulnerable to these attacks attacks and
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that is also why we keep seeing for us who use windows for example 10 that windows 10 is
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pushing these security updates because the windows
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that we have today might be vulnerable to certain attacks just two months ago
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so if you haven't updated your windows in just two months you might be at risk
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and it is the same for mobile phones
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because new attacks is always popping up
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and people are trying all kind of things to try to break into these different applications
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and software systems and the vendors are
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if they are good vendors they are trying to fix these
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as quickly as possible to avoid their users being affected
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so you should always try to update and search for dependency
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and library updates when you have a web application because
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if you are not you will most likely risk being attacked
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when the right users discover that you have an unpatched library using an old module on your web application.
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Then we have number 10 which is insufficient logging and monitoring.
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As the name says, if you're not logging or monitoring your web application you don't know what is going on.
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So you need to be aware of what is going on with your web application
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and have the the right triggers and alarms set up to respond in time.
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Because those people can just sit for days and try different things out
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and if you are not discovering that someone is trying to temper with your application, you have no way of stopping them
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because at one point they will hit the golden button
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and actually find a vulnerability and you will never discover
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that they tried to find this and you will never discover that they actually got into the system before it's too late.
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So always log and monitor your web application.
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It is crucial in order to stop your web application from being exploited.
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So this was all for this video.
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Remember to like and subscribe and then I will see you next time here on Vinsloth Academy.
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Ấn Tượng Đầu Tiên
Khi xem video này, bạn sẽ nhận thấy cách giải thích rõ ràng về các rủi ro bảo mật trong ứng dụng web. Đây là một tài liệu tuyệt vời cho những ai đang tìm kiếm cách nâng cao kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh của mình. Nội dung phong phú và thực tiễn sẽ giúp bạn không chỉ học từ vựng mà còn nâng cao khả năng phát âm tiếng Anh chuẩn. Bằng cách lắng nghe và thực hành với video này, bạn sẽ có cơ hội cải thiện kỹ năng luyện nghe nói qua video hiệu quả.
Phân Tích Câu Nói
- "An injection of code is when a given user..." - Câu này giúp bạn hiểu rõ cấu trúc của một câu phức tạp, với cách diễn đạt tự nhiên và logic. Bạn có thể học cách sử dụng từ "when" để diễn tả mối quan hệ thời gian.
- "There are other injection forms, for example..." - Việc sử dụng cụm từ "for example" là một cách tuyệt vời để giới thiệu ví dụ, giúp câu trở nên sinh động và dễ hiểu hơn. Điều này cũng giúp bạn dễ dàng mở rộng vốn từ vựng của mình.
- "A way to prevent this is to check the input..." - Câu này nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc bảo vệ thông tin. Cách diễn đạt này không chỉ tự nhiên mà còn thể hiện sự chú ý đến chi tiết, điều này rất quan trọng trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh.
Thói Quen Thực Hành
Để cải thiện khả năng phát âm và phản xạ tiếng Anh, bạn có thể áp dụng phương pháp shadow speak. Dưới đây là một quy trình đơn giản mà bạn có thể thực hiện:
- Xem một đoạn ngắn trong video (khoảng 30 giây).
- Nghe và lặp lại từng câu nói sau khi nhân vật trong video nói xong. Hãy cố gắng luyện nghe nói qua video bằng cách bắt chước cách phát âm và ngữ điệu của họ.
- Ghi âm lại giọng nói của bạn để so sánh với bản gốc. Điều này sẽ giúp bạn nhận ra được điểm mạnh và điểm yếu trong cách phát âm của mình.
- Thực hiện quy trình này hàng ngày và theo dõi sự tiến bộ của bạn.
Bằng cách này, bạn sẽ không chỉ cải thiện phát âm tiếng anh chuẩn mà còn tự tin hơn khi giao tiếp. Hãy bắt đầu ngay hôm nay và cảm nhận sự khác biệt!
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | if you are not you will most |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is not intended · are not intended · are given |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | has said · have configured · have unprotected |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who knew · five, which is · same, which is |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.