Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: The Math of Winning in Prop Firms

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Passing a prop firm challenge is basic math and

Vượt qua bài kiểm tra của công ty tài trợ chỉ là vấn đề toán học cơ bản và

if you don't understand these five essential concepts no matter how good your strategy is you'll never get funded

nếu bạn không hiểu năm khái niệm cốt lõi này, thì cho dù chiến lược của bạn có tốt đến đâu, bạn cũng sẽ không bao giờ nhận được vốn đầu tư.

but once you understand them your trading will change forever.

nhưng một khi bạn hiểu rõ chúng, cách giao dịch của bạn sẽ thay đổi mãi mãi.

In this video I'll go over the full math of passing prop firms accounts in five parts.

Trong video này, tôi sẽ đi qua toàn bộ các phép tính toán để vượt qua bài kiểm tra tài khoản của các công ty cấp vốn giao dịch theo năm phần.

The account, the edge, the size, the rules and the real return.

Tài khoản, đòn bẩy, quy mô, quy tắc và lợi nhuận thực tế.

Let's start.

Bắt đầu thôi.

Now the first thing we really need to fix is how we see the account.

Bây giờ điều đầu tiên chúng ta thực sự cần khắc phục là cách chúng ta xem tài khoản.

If you buy a $50 ,000 account it feels like you're trading 50 ,000

Nếu bạn mua một tài khoản trị giá 50.000 đô la, bạn sẽ cảm thấy như đang giao dịch với số tiền 50.000 đô la.

but it's not you're only trading the 2 ,000 the amount

nhưng không phải vậy, bạn chỉ đang giao dịch với số tiền 2.000 đó thôi.

that you're allowed to lose and we're gonna go over some futures

rằng bạn được phép thua lỗ và chúng ta sẽ xem xét một số hợp đồng tương lai

and some forex but we're gonna focus on one specific account 50 ,000 for this video

và một phần là forex nhưng trong video này chúng ta sẽ tập trung vào một tài khoản cụ thể có giá trị 50.000 đô la.

so 50 ,000 you think you're trading 50 ,000

vậy là 50.000, bạn nghĩ mình đang giao dịch với 50.000

but you're only trading the 2 ,000 that's the real drawdown

nhưng bạn chỉ đang giao dịch với 2.000 đô la, đó mới là mức thua lỗ thực tế.

the same thing goes for a hundred thousand forex funded account

Điều tương tự cũng đúng với tài khoản giao dịch forex có vốn 100.000 đô la.

the room is 10 ,000 you're not allowed to lose the

Cái phòng này giá 10.000, bạn không được làm mất cái

full hundred thousand dollars you're only allowed to lose a ten thousand dollars

Tổng cộng một trăm nghìn đô la, bạn chỉ được phép thua tối đa mười nghìn đô la thôi.

so that's the real account size and it's not the advertised one

vậy đó là quy mô tài khoản thực tế chứ không phải là con số được quảng cáo.

so think about it this way the fifty thousand tells you the size of the product

vậy thì hãy nghĩ theo cách này, con số năm mươi nghìn cho bạn biết quy mô của sản phẩm đó.

but the two thousand tells you how many mistakes you can

nhưng con số hai nghìn cho bạn biết bạn có thể mắc bao nhiêu lỗi

survive now let's look at the account in the most simple way

để tồn tại, bây giờ hãy xem xét tài khoản theo cách đơn giản nhất

and we only care about two things the pass

và chúng tôi chỉ quan tâm đến hai thứ là việc vượt qua

and the failure boundary

và ranh giới hỏng hóc

so we have two lines that's exactly how we can simplify passing funded accounts

vậy là chúng ta có hai dòng, đó chính là cách chúng ta có thể đơn giản hóa việc chuyển các tài khoản đã được cấp vốn.

and it's all about the same thing here

và ở đây mọi thứ đều xoay quanh cùng một vấn đề đó.

so you're starting here your job is simply to touch the

vậy là bạn bắt đầu từ đây, công việc của bạn chỉ đơn giản là chạm vào

plus three thousand dollars before the minus two thousand dollars that's all

cộng thêm ba nghìn đô la trước khi trừ đi hai nghìn đô la, thế là hết.

so you need to simply first touch this boundary before this one

vì vậy bạn chỉ cần chạm vào ranh giới này trước, rồi mới đến ranh giới kia.

and this way you're succeeding in prop firms

và theo cách này bạn sẽ thành công ở các công ty giao dịch ký quỹ.

and that's why prop firms are sometimes harder than personal accounts

và đó là lý do tại sao các công ty giao dịch ký quỹ đôi khi khó khăn hơn các tài khoản cá nhân.

because you touch this before this you did not do anything you actually lost the account

vì bạn đã chạm vào cái này trước khi làm cái kia, bạn không thực hiện bất kỳ thao tác nào và thực tế là bạn đã mất tài khoản rồi.

and this also mean you need to make one

và điều này cũng có nghĩa là bạn cần tạo ra một cái

and a half dollars for every one dollar the rules allow you to lose

và một rưỡi đô la cho mỗi một đô la mà các quy tắc cho phép bạn thua lỗ

and in the other case in forex you need to make a dollar for every dollar you could lose

và trong trường hợp khác trên thị trường ngoại hối, bạn cần kiếm được một đô la cho mỗi đô la mà bạn có thể mất.

so here we have a 1 .5 to 1 reward to risk

vậy là chúng ta có tỷ lệ lợi nhuận so với rủi ro là 1,5 trên 1.

and here the whole account has this reward to risk ratio

và ở đây toàn bộ tài khoản có tỷ lệ thưởng so với rủi ro này.

and these numbers could be different for different problems and different accounts

và những con số này có thể khác nhau đối với các vấn đề khác nhau và các tài khoản khác nhau.

so before you take a trade the challenge already has a reward to risk ratio

vì vậy trước khi bạn mở một lệnh giao dịch, thử thách đó đã có tỷ lệ lợi nhuận so với rủi ro.

and the strategy has to fit inside

và chiến lược đó phải phù hợp với bối cảnh tổng thể

and that's simply what passing a funded account is now whenever

và đó đơn giản là cách mà việc vượt qua bài kiểm tra tài khoản có vốn hoạt động hiện nay đang diễn ra, bất cứ lúc nào.

we talk about a chance of passing in the next sections it all goes back to one thing

chúng ta nói về cơ hội vượt qua các phần tiếp theo, tất cả đều quy về một vấn đề duy nhất.

which is reaching the profit target before the max drawdown limit

trong đó đạt được mục tiêu lợi nhuận trước khi chạm ngưỡng thua lỗ tối đa.

using the futures 50k account now we need to understand

hiện đang sử dụng tài khoản tương lai 50k, bây giờ chúng ta cần hiểu rõ

that there are multiple types of funded accounts

rằng có nhiều loại tài khoản được cấp vốn

but two popular ones are the futures type

nhưng hai loại phổ biến là loại hợp đồng tương lai

and the forex cfd for example ftmo style

và ví dụ như hợp đồng chênh lệch (CFD) ngoại hối theo phong cách FTMO

so for futures you have a 50 000 you only need to reach a three thousand

Vậy đối với hợp đồng tương lai, bạn có 50.000 thì chỉ cần đạt đến mức 3.000 thôi.

which is six percent profit and then four percent drawdown

but in forex it's more of a one -to -one

so this is 1 .5 to one in forex is one -to -one

but we have two phases instead of one

and we also have daily loss limit in some of the futures one you don't have

but a big difference here is also the drawdown type

and this is something that we're going to go over a lot of details on

which is the trailing drawdown instead of static or sometimes trailing

so simply one account has less room

but one phase the other one has more room for you to pass maybe an easier reward to risk

but ask you to pass twice so you need to understand both of these

and then pick the one that fits you fits your trading style

and what you prefer to trade for me my main thing is trading forex

so that's why i prefer to go with these however we're

going to explain everything now this is where it gets interesting imagine two traders take the exact same 10 trades

so here we have 10 and 10 trades

and they both have the same six winners

and same four losers the first trade receives the winners earlier

and then gets to the path zone

but the other one takes his loser first reaching this fail level

and then getting the six winners this guy passed the account this one did not

and failed the account even though they all have at the end the same number of winners

and the same number of losers but the difference is

that this guy passed his account the other guy did not

and this is what i called variance

so i've explained this in my the math of trading video the link is in the description

and this proves to you that you could have the same traits same strategy

but because you're trading a prop firm with specific rules

and you have only two boundaries there is randomness in here

and you could reach one before the other with the same win rate strategy

and that takes us directly to the edge

so the order of the trade matters a lot now let's talk about edge

and the passing probability or the system is about four things

so we're going to cover the win rate the payoff shape the position size

and the rule set now the most important formula

and it's the one that tells you if you have an edge

or not is expectancy or expected value and it goes like this win rate times the average win

minus the loss rate times the average loss

so we're simply looking at two things in here one rate

and the reward risk or the average winner and the loss rate

and the average loss the time you have all of these data you can put the numbers here

and the result that you have if it's positive

that means over a large sample of trades you'll be making money

if it's minus then no matter what you do you'll be losing at the end

so if you have some data already then make sure to substitute you these with your data

and see if you're gonna make money on the long term

and we already understand from the previous formula

that win rate itself is not enough it tells you almost

nothing at one to one reward to risk you need 50

percent win rate to actually break even at two to one you need 33

or you know the bigger the reward to risk you need less win rate to break even

so three to one you need only 25 percent of trades

so if you have 10 trades and you lose seven of them

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and you get only three winners with a three to one

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you're actually making money now looking at one to one

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if you take 10 trades and five winners

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and five losers then you're back to break even you're actually making no money

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so a low win rate can work

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when the average win is large enough it's always about the combination of win rate

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and reward risk so

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if we just look at the variance a high win rate

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would have a low variance a medium let's say 55 % win rate has a medium variance

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and then a 35 % win rate with a bigger average win has higher variance

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and notice how all of these are actually profitable strategies even though the win rate is different

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so remember the win rate itself is nothing and

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if we look at the equity curve notice how the low variance has a smooth equity curve

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and you're making money in a smooth way

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and then this one is balanced so it goes up

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and down but the volatile one actually goes up

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and down a bit more aggressive compared to the smooth

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and balanced so this is how variance actually appears

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so you'll be having you know making a lot of money aggressively

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and then you'll go into some losing streaks

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and then making money on the other hand in a smooth one you're basically making one to one

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and then losing one make it one losing one just like this

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if you zoom out you'll see this one just going up like this okay

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so that is the main difference now this visual takes the same strategy

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and runs it many times so it's a 55 % win rate model

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but it runs it with different orders of wins

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and losses some lines goes up almost immediately

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so it's starting to go up and some goes down first

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and then maybe recover after

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and there are a lot of different orders of trades all of them came from the same basic numbers

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and that proves you

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that one beautiful back disk is only one possible order you should ask a harder question

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if the same wins and losses come in a worse order would the account still survive

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and this is what we need to actually understand

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and focus on the risk section because you could have a profitable one

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but then you would not have enough time for price to reach the upper boundary before reaching the lower one

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because of the different order so if

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that answer to the question is no then the problem may be the size

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and it's not the setup itself now if we look at this

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and this is the passing probability or failing probability for the three setups

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that we discussed the a b and c

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and this one is for futures for forex with the different risk size it's going to be much different

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but we're talking about futures in this case it will be applied to forex

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but in a slightly different way

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so we can see why strategies with the same average edge

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or expected value or expectancy can have different chances of passing

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and in this example strategy a passes 68 percent of the time strategy b passed 57

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and c passed 42 percent of the times

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but why does strategy c pass less because it wins less often

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and depends on bigger wins because of the high reward risk

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and if those bigger wins arrive late the account may hit the loss limit first

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so think about it this way if we actually start with the losers first

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and hit the lower boundary and then get the winners then you're losing the account

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but then if the winners comes first you're probably going to pass the account even faster than a

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and b but the probability we're talking about the probability in this case

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so what we need to understand is

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that a strategy can be profitable over time

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and still be poor match for a tight challenge

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so in a personal account the question becomes can this make money

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but then in prop firms it's a much different question it's can it reach the target before the loss limit

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or the maximum drawdown that's the question

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so very different questions for both of these account types now

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let's look at the chance of losing several trades in a

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row now the formula is here it's one minus one rate raised to the number of losses

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so at 45 percent win rate the chance of four losses in

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that exact four trade group is about 9 .2 percent at 55 it falls to 4 .1 percent

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and then at 65 it's actually 1 .5 percent so it's clear

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that the lower run rate we have then the probability of having four consecutive losses is higher

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so the risk here is very important

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because it allows you to have these consecutive losses

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and then comes back instead of just reaching the lower boundary

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and then losing the account and that explains the high variance

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and low variance so notice how high variance goes up aggressively

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so before this going up we might actually see price going down first

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and hitting the max drawdown and this what actually happens in some of these different orders

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because we're testing different orders of the you know the order of the trades the winners

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and losers so it could go like this first

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and it could go first here it's going to go only here

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so we need to understand low variance and high variance

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and adjust the risk based on it now

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if what you actually need is a strategy what

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if your full plan is just a week now this week

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here is going to give you the direction the entry stop loss

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and actually everything you need just based on one week

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and it's a high reward risk setup and the edge model is universal meaning

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that it works in most pairs and most time frames so

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if you think this is right for you

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and what you actually need make sure to check out each

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school these are some results of the people inside the community

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and these are some of the classes let's continue now let's talk about risk

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and the main goal here is to actually survive

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because survival is passing the account

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and what i mean is we're not trying to go extremely to the left

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or extremely to the right we're not going too small

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that you never reach the target in time you'll just go up

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and down and up and down

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and you'll spend years just trying to pass the account

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because you're too afraid and you're having a smaller risk per trade

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but we're also not going too big

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that one streak breaches the draw down with a larger risk

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per trade now we are trying to aim here in a survival one

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that can also pass not too big

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and not too small now this one shows you the win rate

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and the risk per trade and then the pass probability of each based on the risk

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and these are the colors

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so the darker it gets then you're more likely to pass the account

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and we're always trying to be in the middle here you're losing

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and here it's not something realistic

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so we're not trying to go here we're trying to be

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in the middle in the sweet spot now notice how as

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we go lower we're actually increasing the risk per trade

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and notice how at four percent with a 40 percent one rate three percent probability of passing the account

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and notice how 10 percent 20 percent so you're almost not passing

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and then as you lower the risk so you go one percent

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or half percent

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and then you're going to get a good win rate for

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example a 50 % win rate then you could pass the account

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so you have 41 % of passing the account

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and this is about the variance and about the order of the trades

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so we're basically looking at how many times based on this

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win rate based on the order of the trades you could pass

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because if you risk four percent anytime

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that one is a loser then you're failing the account

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so even if you have a 90 % win rate

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and risking four percent then only 56 % of the time

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or 56 % probability of passing the account you have that's it

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but even lower than that 70 % you're not passing you're not passing you're not passing

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so this simply tells you

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that you need to pick the right risk per trade for your win rate so

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if you have a 50 % win rate then what makes

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you passing you know you always need to look for here 0 .5 %

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or 0 .25 % to actually have a probability of passing

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but then 60 % yeah 65 you don't need to go 4 %

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because you will 90 % of the time lose the account

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and now this one shows you the relationship between risk per trade

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so we have 0 .25 % 0 .75

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and here are the number of trades to a boundary

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so either pass or fail

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and notice how we're dealing with a 55 % win rate with a one -to -one

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and now notice how at for example 0 .75 it's going

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to take less than 50 trades for example to actually reach a pass

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or fail and then it gets lower and no it gets lower

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and lower the number of trades to actually reach a pass or fail

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so for example more than 1 .75 you actually need almost

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no trades maybe a few trades in order to either pass That's what it feels.

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So it gets tighter and tighter the more you risk even though you have a profitable strategy

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which is a 55 % win rate and a one -to -one

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but you could still lose the account because you're not allowing the edge to actually show up.

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So this table explains everything in details in case you wanted to understand it more with numbers and calculations.

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Now this is one of the most important sections of this video.

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At the bottom we have a win rate from 40 to 60%.

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So this is the win rate

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and on the left we have the reward to risk from three to one

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so here it's one to one and then here it's a three to one

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and then we have the risk here

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so each of these data looks at risk of 0 .5 percent one percent

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and two percent and each number inside of here is actually the model chance of passing

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and then we repeat the same table for half percent one percent

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and two percent so let's take for example 50 %

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and 1 to 1 so just right here we can see

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that the number is 40 in all of these

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so the probability of passing is the same for all of

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these different risk this is break -even strategy before cost size cannot create an edge now take 60 %

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when wait with a 3 to 1 and we can see 100

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but as we go higher and risk we can see

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that it goes lower 95 % and 79 %

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so the strategy is strong

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but too much size gives a bad group enough power to

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fail the account it's based on the order of the trades the winners and losers

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which one comes first at 40 % win rate with a

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one to one here the number goes from one to seven to nineteen

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that means the strategy is still a losing one it's still negative

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but a lucky group simply reaches the target faster

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because here we're risking two percent we could actually pass

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or fail faster than with the low risk

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because sometimes it can get lucky based on the order

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so never confuse a chance of passing with a profitable system

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these are two completely different things that's actually the sweet spot

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i want you to focus on not a very high reward risk

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and a low win rate and not a very high win rate

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and low reward risk you could actually this depends on you

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but this is the realistic sweet spot

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but this shows you for passing a 50 000 future account

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what do you need to actually focus on it shows you the probability of passing for the reward risk

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and the win rate and the sweet spot now let's talk about the rules

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because we have different ones

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and we're going to take them one by one we have daily loss maximum drawdown distribution consistency

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and all of these different things and there are multiple layers for every system

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that when you add one layer then the probability of passing actually changes

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and there are a lot of details we're going to go

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over now we need to understand how the loss limit works

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and in this case we have a static limit now this one stays in the same place

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so we have four percent and

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that is fixed as you go higher it's a four percent

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if the fail level starts at minus four percent it remains there even

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when the account makes money so you make more money

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but the static drawdown stays here

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so you need to go all the way back here to lose the account

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and you'll see the difference between this

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and the other ones we have in other firms

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and account types we have a moving limit or a trailing limit

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or trailing drawdown and this one moves upward when the account makes money

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so you make money here this one goes up with you

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now depends on the timings they're actually different types of moving

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limits depending on the time now the difference between static is

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that this one stays here the trailing goes up as you go higher

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so you make money then the trailing goes higher

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and we're going to explain now the timings of these

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and the types of the trailing ones there are actually two popular ones we have the intraday

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and the end of the day now the intraday updates at your highest equity

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or highest balance so

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if you reach for example here 2k then the drawdown goes higher highest high in this case

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and then as you break the high it updates at the next high

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so this is your highest balance maybe 4k this one goes higher now

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and it trails by the highest balance

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or equity you're having the end of the day is different

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in this case let's say the highest balance you have at the end of the day is 2k

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and then the next day starts you go lower

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and then you go lower where's your balance at the end

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of the day it's right here this becomes the number

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and in this case this is number even if it's not the highest

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or the lowest so for example

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if it's a four percent then it's going to be four percent of this specific balance

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that you close the day with

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and it's the same thing it's going to go four percent from this amount

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that you were having

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and also the same thing here it updates at the end of the day

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so this one is a bit more forgiving than this one

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the intraday is more aggressive now let's look at the layers of the rules

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and the paths of passing the account

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so let's say the strategy itself has a positive expectancy

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and you will be passing because you have a positive expectancy allowing the time without any strict rules

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you'd be passing the account 100 % of the time.

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But then what happens is that you have a max drawdown

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and then the probability of passing goes lower

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and then you have a daily loss and then the probability goes lower

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because there is a new boundary or a new strict rule

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that does not allow you or does not allow the setup that you're having, the strategy that you're having to pass the account.

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And then we have the trailing drawdown and it goes much lower.

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And then you have other rules like consistency rule

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and then the probability goes lower

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so that's why a personal account is different than a funded account also a strategy

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that you are making money based on on a personal account might not work on a funded account

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or it might work sometime and not in others

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because in a real account you would be making money you'd be losing money

345

and then you could come back

346

but in a funded account you're making money maybe you did not pass

347

or you did not get to maybe here for percent in

348

a funded account in a futures account you'd be passing the account

349

but then going lower you'd lose it in a personal account

350

you would go here you would lose all of this

351

and you could still come back

352

but in a funded account you already lost the account now let's look at the returns

353

and this example begins with 100 challenge purchased 86 fail before funding 14 reach the funded phase

354

and then eight of those funded accounts never reach a payout only six got a payout the number

355

that matters financially is how many purchases become money received six out of 100 here

356

and now let's attach money to it

357

so let's say a 100 challenge with 150 dollars each for the fee

358

that is a fifteen thousand dollars and six payout pay two thousand dollars each

359

that is twelve thousand dollars and

360

when we go twelve thousand minus 15 we have a minus

361

that gives us a negative three thousand dollars

362

so even with six payouts the group lost three thousand dollars

363

or thirty dollars per challenge purchased the payout screenshots do not

364

show whether the full process made money we need the cost of reaching them

365

so do not be happy with just one payout calculate the cost of all the account purchased

366

and the fees of them and then compare it to the payout

367

that you're getting and you realize

368

that a lot of people are actually losing money even

369

when getting a payout and now we can connect everything

370

so we have the win rate and the average win

371

and loss creates the edge

372

and then the position size decide how strongly each trade moves the account

373

and then the rules decide

374

which trade orders continue together they create the chance of reaching funded

375

and then the payout rules decide how many funded accounts pay

376

payouts minus every fee gives us the real return the full

377

question is does my strategy trade it at this size inside these rules produce enough payouts to cover every attempt

378

and leave money after it

379

that is the math of prop firms that's it for this

380

video i hope you enjoyed it make sure to check out each school my community

381

if you want to trade with me

382

and learn my setup my one week setup that's it and i will see you next one

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “The Math of Winning in Prop Firms”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: account, rate, risk, percent, trade. Video này có 382 câu và 4312 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 22:53. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 188 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 89% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
probability danh từ	/ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/	xác suất, khả năng
reward danh từ	/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/	tặng thưởng, thưởng
loser danh từ	/luzɚ/	bại giả
minus	/ˈmaɪ.nəs/	trừ
equity danh từ	/ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/	sự bình đẳng
depend động từ	/dɪˈpɛnd/	phụ thuộc
mathematics danh từ	/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/	toán học
formula danh từ	/ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/	công thức
layer danh từ	/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/	lớp
ratio danh từ	/ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/	tỉ lệ
aggressive tính từ	/əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/	xâm lược
consecutive tính từ	/kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/	liên tiếp
curve danh từ	/kɚv/	khúc quanh
streak danh từ	/stɹiːk/	vệt
compare động từ	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	so sánh, so

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
go up động từ		lên
come back động từ		trở lại, trở về
check out động từ		tính tiền, trả phòng
zoom out động từ	/ˌzuːm ˈaʊt/	thu nho

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả	if you zoom out you'll see
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	is balanced · will be applied · is fixed

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 78 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, we're, you'll. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: smooth /smuːð/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, thirty /ˈθɝti/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, screenshot /ˈskriːn.ʃɑt/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/, consistency /kənˈsɪs.tən.si/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/

Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:

Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, forex /ˈfɔɹˌɛks/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, twelve /twɛlv/
Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: substitute /ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/, breach /ˈbɹiːt͡ʃ/, adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/
Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, static /ˈstæt.ɪk/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như probability, reward, loser.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: The Math of Winning in Prop Firms

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