Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: What's an if statement? 🤔
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1
All right guys, we are on if statements.
Được rồi các bạn, bây giờ chúng ta sẽ học về câu lệnh if.
2
With an if statement, you do something if a condition you set is true.
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If not, then don't do it.
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It's as simple as that.
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We'll ask a user what their age is.
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If their age is greater than or equal to 18, they'll be allowed into our site.
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If they're under 18, well, we won't let them in.
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Let's declare variable age.
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Int age.
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Then we'll create a prompt.
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standard output enter your age.
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Standard input age.
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Okay, this is how to write an if statement.
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You type if, then a set of parentheses, then a set of curly braces.
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If some condition within the parentheses is true, you perform some subset of code.
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We are going to check if age is greater than or equal to 18.
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Greater than or equal to is a comparison operator.
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There's other comparison operators such as less than or equals to, less than, greater than.
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If you need to compare if two values are equal, you use two equal signs.
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You don't wanna say equals because then you're setting age equal to 18.
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Equals is the assignment operator.
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So let's check to see if age is greater than or equal to 18.
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Then we'll print a message.
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Standard output.
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Welcome to the site.
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Okay, let's Let's try this.
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Enter your age.
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Let's say that I'm 12.
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Well, it doesn't do anything.
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Since this condition evaluated to be false, we skip over this body of code.
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If it were true, then we execute it.
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This time my age is 21.
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I hit enter.
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Welcome to the site.
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If you would rather do something else if a condition is false, you can use an else statement.
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An else statement you will place at the end.
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There is no condition.
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Else, we will print standard output.
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You are not old enough to enter.
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Okay, let's try this again.
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Enter your age.
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I'll say that I'm 12.
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You are not old enough to enter.
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That's an if statement.
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If some condition is true, you do something.
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If not, you can do something else or nothing at all.
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There are more conditions you can check by using an else if statement.
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We can check another condition by adding else if.
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If this condition is false, check this else if condition.
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Let's check to see if age is less than zero.
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That means somebody hasn't been born yet.
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You haven't been born yet.
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Okay, now check this out.
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Let's say that my age is negative 10.
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Then I hit enter.
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You haven't been born yet.
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Since this condition was false, we skip this section of code.
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Then we check the else if statement.
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Since this condition was true, we execute this body of code.
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Then skip over the else statement.
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Let's add one more else if statement.
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Else if...
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Age is greater than or equal to 100.
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Standard.
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Output.
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You are too old to enter this site.
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Okay, enter your age.
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I am 120 years old.
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I hit enter.
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Welcome to the site.
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We check these conditions one by one starting from the top.
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We stated that our age was 120 years old.
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Even though we were expecting to execute this body of code, we instead executed this body of code within the if statement.
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That's because our age was technically still greater than or equal to 18.
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So the order of your if and else if statements does matter.
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It makes a difference.
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If we need to execute this body of code, if somebody's age is greater than or equal to 100, well then we should probably move that to the top.
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Then turn it into an if statement.
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Else if age is greater than or equal to 18, we will display this message.
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Let's try this one more time.
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Enter your age.
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I am 120 years old.
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I hit enter.
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You are too old to enter this site.
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So yeah, that's an if statement.
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You do something if a condition is true.
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If not, then you don't do it.
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If you would rather do something else, you can use an else statement.
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If there's other conditions you would like to check before reaching the else statement, you can use an else if statement.
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And there's really no limit to these.
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If you would like a copy of this code, I'll post this in the comment section down below.
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And well, yeah, those are if statements in C++.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This B1 speaking lesson is built on the video “What's an if statement? 🤔”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: statement, condition, equal, enter, greater. This video has 92 sentences and 733 words to shadow. The speech runs for 4:53. The speaker talks at a natural 150 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 92% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is easy to follow.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 13 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| execute verb | /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ | To kill, especially as punishment for a capital crime. |
| skip verb | /skɪp/ | To move by hopping on alternate feet. |
| operator noun | /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ | A person or organisation that operates a device, system, service, etc. |
| parenthesis noun | /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/ | A clause, phrase or word which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a passage which is already grammatically complete, and usually… |
| subset noun | /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ | A set A such that every element of A is also an element of S. |
| curly adjective | /ˈkɝli/ | Having curls. |
| brace noun | /bɹeɪs/ | A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock. |
| prompt verb | /pɹɑmpt/ | To lead (someone) toward what they should say or do. |
| evaluate verb | /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/ | To draw conclusions from examining; to assess; to appraise. |
| declare verb | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | To assert or announce formally, officially, explicitly, or emphatically. |
| technically adverb | /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/ | Based on precise facts, which, however, may be contrary to common belief or casual terminology. |
| variable adjective | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | Able to vary or be varied. |
| assignment noun | /əˈsaɪn.mənt/ | The act of assigning; the allocation of a job or a set of tasks. |
Sentences worth repeating
Short, complete lines from the video that you can reuse in everyday conversation:
- We'll ask a user what their age is.
- Then we'll create a prompt.
- Then we'll print a message.
- You haven't been born yet.
- Let's add one more else if statement.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | If they're under 18, well, we won't let · If there's other conditions you would like |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | be allowed · been born |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | hasn't been born · haven't been born |
| So sánh hơn -er than / more … than — so sánh hai đối tượng | greater than |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 19 contractions and reduced forms, such as don't, we'll, haven't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- Long words — get the stress right: operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, parenthesis /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like execute, skip, operator.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.