跟讀練習: How to Think Fast Before You Speak: Framework Thinking - 通過影片學習英語口語
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why do some people always know what to say it seems
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like they're never flustered they can always answer questions on the fly i thought it was high iq
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but it turns out
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that we can train our brains to do the same as well welcome back to my channel i'm vicky
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and today we are talking about the one thing you can
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train your brain on in order to think fast before you
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speak in the last video we talked about the one thing you need to focus on
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when you're under high pressure and that is steer, don't follow.
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In a nutshell, it means that when the other person is giving you pressure and you don't know where you're going, you want to be able to take back the control
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and steer the conversation towards what you want to talk about instead of just following their logic.
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If you want to see the details, you can check out this video below.
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I'll put the link in the description as well.
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But before you go, I want to talk about why a lot of people struggle with making sure they steer
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and not follow.
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And that's because a lot of people feel like it's hard to find a point they can steer the conversation towards.
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They have to scramble and think, okay, where do I want this conversation to go?
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So today we'll address exactly that.
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The reason a lot of us find it really difficult to steer a conversation on the fly towards a point
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that we want to talk about is because we haven't disciplined our mind to think in frameworks.
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Frameworks are structures to help organize your thoughts so that you can identify the key levers that influence a result.
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I think it's also important to reason from first principles rather than by analogy
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because it's kind of mentally easier to reason by analogy rather than from first principles
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but you kind of boil things down to the most fundamental truths
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and say okay what are we sure is true
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or as sure as possible is true
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and then reason up from there for example revenue equals number
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of units times price this is a framework for knowing what
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influences revenue right there are only two things either you sell more units
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or you increase the price or you increase both
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so whenever someone talks about how can my company make more
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money you know exactly what to say doesn't matter what version of the story it is
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if their question is about revenue
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and they want to know how to grow it it's very
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simple you either talk about the number of units they can sell how they can increase
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that or increase their price and how they might do that
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or even increase both if there's an opportunity to do so
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so immediately any question
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that talks about revenue you can always bring it back to these two levers number of units
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and price so simple right
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so now it doesn't matter what people throw at you in terms of a company making revenue doesn't matter
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if they say the vision of this and the strategic priorities of
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that and the marketing creatives of this and
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that doesn't matter you always come back to either number of units sold the price
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or both of them
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and the goal for framework thinking is to have a library of these frameworks on topics
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that are important to you that you can talk about
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and pro tip if you can connect different frameworks then the amount of depth
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and insights you can provide is even greater let me give you just a simple example
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so we talked about revenue
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but a lot of people are want to focus on profits as well right
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so how can i make more money to take home now
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here you can use the very simple framework again profit equals
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revenue minus cost revenue we've already talked about costs you can separate it into marginal cost
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and fixed cost so now
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if people want to talk about how can i make more
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profits you know exactly again what to talk about you have to increase your revenue
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or you have to decrease your cost
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and pick one to focus on then you can double click into
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that topic right now you've got the revenue framework you can say
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if you want to increase your revenue let's look at how
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many units are you selling what is the price what can we how can we tweak these things right or
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if you want to talk about cost you can say okay
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let's look at the cost structure where can you take things out right is it in the fixed cost
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or is it in the marginal cost and this way now
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if people ask you you know how can i make more
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money you know exactly what to talk about you can use
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these frameworks as almost an assessment tell me your situation
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and i will tell you what you can tweak so
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that in essence is you know how consulting firms sell hundreds
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of thousands of dollars of projects millions of dollars of projects
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based on frameworks like this as Charlie Munger says you can't really know anything
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if you just remember isolated facts and try to bang them back
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if the facts don't hang together on the latticework of theory you don't have them in a useful form.
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To think fast, you need to put your knowledge
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into frameworks sort them organize them
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so you can very quickly recall what you want to talk about what are the key levers
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that make sense
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so where do you find these frameworks they don't really teach
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them in school right well there are two ways i'll share with you
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and the first one is to create them yourself
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and it's really not
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that hard hear me out here apple teaches their employees with
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Picasso's art the bowl Picasso was drawing these bowls trying to
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capture the essence of it he calls the spirit of the beast
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and as you see at the beginning everything is very realistic there's a lot of detail
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but as he iterates he tries to bring it down to the skull
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and eventually down to something very abstract just a few lines
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right to represent the horns to represent the body to represent the legs and
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so we want to do the same things distill the things
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we know down to the very essence of it once you know the essence then you can think faster right
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because all you need to look for in your brain is a structure
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and not just one piece of information that takes a lot of sorting through
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that takes a lot of memory space but
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if you're just looking for one structure it's a lot quicker
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and that's how people think fast on their feet for example I work in business storytelling
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and there are quite a few frameworks for that.
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One of the ones I use is ethos, pathos, and logos, which means credibility, emotions, and logic.
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Now, whenever people come to me with a question about, hey, why is my presentation not very compelling?
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Why don't people take action when they visit my website?
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Or why is my marketing message not working?
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I start there, right?
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Let's look at the three levers and let's see what you're doing right now.
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By seeing the essence of something and then having multiple frameworks
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that connect you're going to be able to talk about a variety of things very quickly
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because you know the structures and you can connect them together.
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Now
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if you feel like whoa this is way too much work
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I don't want to start from scratch that's okay let's talk about the second way of finding frameworks.
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Finding hidden frameworks on the internet.
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Now why do I say hidden?
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Because we're not trained to thinking frameworks.
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When we find information on the internet, most of the authors who have done a lot of condensing and finding the key levers to problems, they don't call it a framework.
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So all you have to do is take that information
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and structure it so that it becomes a framework for you to reference very easily
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when you are thinking fast before you talk.
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Let's use an example to make this more concrete.
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Say you're talking about how to make money doing what you
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love right there isn't per se a framework out there on google
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but there is this concept of ikigai
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which means like the purpose of your life in japanese
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and already ikigai breaks down the four elements the four key
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levers you need in order to make money doing what you
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love they are what you love what you're good at what you can be paid for
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and what the world needs so easy all the work is done for you, all you need to do is just remember
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that there are four levers there and you make that connection between the four levers and the topic, which is how to make money doing what you love.
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So now whenever people ask you, hey, I hate my job.
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I don't know what to do.
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How can I be happy and make money doing what I really love?
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You can just take these four levers
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and talk them through it of course the information you provide
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might still be very surface level right unless you have the expertise you have the experience
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so with that in mind really it's about building
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that library of frameworks so that you can expand the things
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that you can talk about very comfortably and then you have the direction knowing
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which areas which topics which levers i need to look further into in order to expand.
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If you're interested in learning more mental models or frameworks, let me know in the comments below.
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I can always share the ones I use almost on a daily basis.
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And if you found this helpful, please give this a thumbs up.
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Subscribe if you haven't already.
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It really helps the channel and I'll see you in the next video.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“How to Think Fast Before You Speak: Framework Thinking”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：framework, cost, revenue, conversation, units。 這段影片共有 25 個句子、1074 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 9:23。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 114 個詞，很適合跟讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。 全部 25 個句子中有 4 個是問句，適合練習疑問語調和簡短回答。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| framework 名詞 | /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/ | 骨架, 框架 |
| steer 動詞 | /stɪɹ/ | 掌舵, 駕駛 |
| lever 名詞 | /ˈliː.və/ | 槓桿 /槓桿 |
| essence 名詞 | /ˈɛsəns/ | 本質 /本質 |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主題, 話題 /話題 |
| helpful 形容詞 | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | 有幫助 /有幫助 |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 連線 /連線 |
| principle 名詞 | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | 原理, 原則 /原則 |
| insight 名詞 | /ˈɪnsaɪ̯t/ | 見地 /見地 |
| organize 動詞 | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | 組織 /組織 |
| analogy 名詞 | /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/ | 類推 /類推, 類比 /類比 |
| marginal 形容詞 | /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/ | 邊際的, 邊緣的 |
| element 名詞 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| strategic 形容詞 | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | 戰略的 /戰略的 |
| priority 名詞 | /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ | 優先權 /優先權, 更重要的事 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| check out 動詞 | 退房 |
| figure out 動詞 | 弄清楚 |
| take back 動詞 | 撤回 |
| turn out 動詞 | 原來 /原來 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Today, we’ll address exactly that.
- We’ve already discussed revenue, so let’s talk about costs.
- For revenue, you’ll look at units sold and price.
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | haven't disciplined · we've already talked · have done |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | logos, which means · topic, which is |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 30 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't, isn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: thumb /ˈθʌm/, ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, iteration /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/, credibility /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: lever /ˈliː.və/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, dive /daɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: framework /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/, essence /ˈɛsəns/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, insight /ˈɪnsaɪ̯t/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, realistic /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/, credibility /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 framework, steer, lever 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。