Pratique du Shadowing: How to Think Fast Before You Speak: Framework Thinking - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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why do some people always know what to say it seems
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like they're never flustered they can always answer questions on the fly i thought it was high iq
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but it turns out
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that we can train our brains to do the same as well welcome back to my channel i'm vicky
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and today we are talking about the one thing you can
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train your brain on in order to think fast before you
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speak in the last video we talked about the one thing you need to focus on
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when you're under high pressure and that is steer, don't follow.
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In a nutshell, it means that when the other person is giving you pressure and you don't know where you're going, you want to be able to take back the control
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and steer the conversation towards what you want to talk about instead of just following their logic.
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If you want to see the details, you can check out this video below.
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I'll put the link in the description as well.
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But before you go, I want to talk about why a lot of people struggle with making sure they steer
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and not follow.
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And that's because a lot of people feel like it's hard to find a point they can steer the conversation towards.
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They have to scramble and think, okay, where do I want this conversation to go?
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So today we'll address exactly that.
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The reason a lot of us find it really difficult to steer a conversation on the fly towards a point
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that we want to talk about is because we haven't disciplined our mind to think in frameworks.
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Frameworks are structures to help organize your thoughts so that you can identify the key levers that influence a result.
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I think it's also important to reason from first principles rather than by analogy
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because it's kind of mentally easier to reason by analogy rather than from first principles
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but you kind of boil things down to the most fundamental truths
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and say okay what are we sure is true
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or as sure as possible is true
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and then reason up from there for example revenue equals number
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of units times price this is a framework for knowing what
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influences revenue right there are only two things either you sell more units
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or you increase the price or you increase both
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so whenever someone talks about how can my company make more
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money you know exactly what to say doesn't matter what version of the story it is
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if their question is about revenue
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and they want to know how to grow it it's very
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simple you either talk about the number of units they can sell how they can increase
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that or increase their price and how they might do that
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or even increase both if there's an opportunity to do so
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so immediately any question
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that talks about revenue you can always bring it back to these two levers number of units
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and price so simple right
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so now it doesn't matter what people throw at you in terms of a company making revenue doesn't matter
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if they say the vision of this and the strategic priorities of
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that and the marketing creatives of this and
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that doesn't matter you always come back to either number of units sold the price
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or both of them
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and the goal for framework thinking is to have a library of these frameworks on topics
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that are important to you that you can talk about
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and pro tip if you can connect different frameworks then the amount of depth
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and insights you can provide is even greater let me give you just a simple example
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so we talked about revenue
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but a lot of people are want to focus on profits as well right
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so how can i make more money to take home now
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here you can use the very simple framework again profit equals
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revenue minus cost revenue we've already talked about costs you can separate it into marginal cost
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and fixed cost so now
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if people want to talk about how can i make more
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profits you know exactly again what to talk about you have to increase your revenue
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or you have to decrease your cost
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and pick one to focus on then you can double click into
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that topic right now you've got the revenue framework you can say
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if you want to increase your revenue let's look at how
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many units are you selling what is the price what can we how can we tweak these things right or
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if you want to talk about cost you can say okay
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let's look at the cost structure where can you take things out right is it in the fixed cost
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or is it in the marginal cost and this way now
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if people ask you you know how can i make more
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money you know exactly what to talk about you can use
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these frameworks as almost an assessment tell me your situation
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and i will tell you what you can tweak so
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that in essence is you know how consulting firms sell hundreds
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of thousands of dollars of projects millions of dollars of projects
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based on frameworks like this as Charlie Munger says you can't really know anything
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if you just remember isolated facts and try to bang them back
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if the facts don't hang together on the latticework of theory you don't have them in a useful form.
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To think fast, you need to put your knowledge
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into frameworks sort them organize them
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so you can very quickly recall what you want to talk about what are the key levers
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that make sense
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so where do you find these frameworks they don't really teach
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them in school right well there are two ways i'll share with you
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and the first one is to create them yourself
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and it's really not
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that hard hear me out here apple teaches their employees with
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Picasso's art the bowl Picasso was drawing these bowls trying to
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capture the essence of it he calls the spirit of the beast
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and as you see at the beginning everything is very realistic there's a lot of detail
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but as he iterates he tries to bring it down to the skull
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and eventually down to something very abstract just a few lines
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right to represent the horns to represent the body to represent the legs and
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so we want to do the same things distill the things
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we know down to the very essence of it once you know the essence then you can think faster right
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because all you need to look for in your brain is a structure
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and not just one piece of information that takes a lot of sorting through
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that takes a lot of memory space but
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if you're just looking for one structure it's a lot quicker
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and that's how people think fast on their feet for example I work in business storytelling
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and there are quite a few frameworks for that.
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One of the ones I use is ethos, pathos, and logos, which means credibility, emotions, and logic.
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Now, whenever people come to me with a question about, hey, why is my presentation not very compelling?
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Why don't people take action when they visit my website?
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Or why is my marketing message not working?
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I start there, right?
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Let's look at the three levers and let's see what you're doing right now.
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By seeing the essence of something and then having multiple frameworks
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that connect you're going to be able to talk about a variety of things very quickly
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because you know the structures and you can connect them together.
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Now
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if you feel like whoa this is way too much work
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I don't want to start from scratch that's okay let's talk about the second way of finding frameworks.
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Finding hidden frameworks on the internet.
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Now why do I say hidden?
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Because we're not trained to thinking frameworks.
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When we find information on the internet, most of the authors who have done a lot of condensing and finding the key levers to problems, they don't call it a framework.
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So all you have to do is take that information
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and structure it so that it becomes a framework for you to reference very easily
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when you are thinking fast before you talk.
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Let's use an example to make this more concrete.
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Say you're talking about how to make money doing what you
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love right there isn't per se a framework out there on google
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but there is this concept of ikigai
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which means like the purpose of your life in japanese
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and already ikigai breaks down the four elements the four key
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levers you need in order to make money doing what you
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love they are what you love what you're good at what you can be paid for
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and what the world needs so easy all the work is done for you, all you need to do is just remember
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that there are four levers there and you make that connection between the four levers and the topic, which is how to make money doing what you love.
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So now whenever people ask you, hey, I hate my job.
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I don't know what to do.
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How can I be happy and make money doing what I really love?
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You can just take these four levers
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and talk them through it of course the information you provide
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might still be very surface level right unless you have the expertise you have the experience
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so with that in mind really it's about building
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that library of frameworks so that you can expand the things
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that you can talk about very comfortably and then you have the direction knowing
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which areas which topics which levers i need to look further into in order to expand.
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If you're interested in learning more mental models or frameworks, let me know in the comments below.
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I can always share the ones I use almost on a daily basis.
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And if you found this helpful, please give this a thumbs up.
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Subscribe if you haven't already.
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It really helps the channel and I'll see you in the next video.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Think Fast Before You Speak: Framework Thinking ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : framework, cost, revenue, conversation, units. Cette vidéo contient 25 phrases et 1074 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:23. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 114 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 4 de ses 25 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| steer verbe | /stɪɹ/ | conduire, guider |
| lever nom | /ˈliː.və/ | levier |
| essence nom | /ˈɛsəns/ | essence |
| topic nom | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | sujet, thème |
| helpful adjectif | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | utile, serviable |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| principle nom | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | principe |
| insight nom | /ˈɪnsaɪ̯t/ | introspection |
| organize verbe | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | organiser |
| analogy nom | /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/ | analogie |
| marginal adjectif | /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/ | marginal, périphérique |
| element nom | /ˈɛləmənt/ | élément |
| strategic adjectif | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | stratégique |
| priority nom | /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ | priorité |
| recall verbe | /ɹɪˈkɔl/ | rappeler |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| check out verbe | mater, regarder |
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| take back verbe | retirer |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Today, we’ll address exactly that.
- We’ve already discussed revenue, so let’s talk about costs.
- For revenue, you’ll look at units sold and price.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | haven't disciplined · we've already talked · have done |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be paid · is done |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | logos, which means · topic, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 30 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, don't, isn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: thumb /ˈθʌm/, ethos /ˈiθɑs/, pathos /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, actionable /ˈæk.ʃə.nə.bəl/, iteration /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/, credibility /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, marginal /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/, strategic /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: framework /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/, steer /stɪɹ/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, strategic /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme steer, lever, essence.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.