跟讀練習: Introduction to PLC | Siemens PLC Training Course - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Hello everyone.

Today we are going to learn about PLC.

Let's start with its introduction.

So PLC, it is Programmable Logic Controller.

Okay.

Generally what is controller?

A controller is used to control some operations fine

that is what controller meant to it's right okay

so plc is a dedicated controller specially used in a industry okay

so plc are used in every aspect of industry to expand

and enhance its production for its production only mainly plc is very introduced in the industry okay

so in generally the definition of plc can be it is a unit of hardware used to control

and automate the industrial process.

Fine.

So let me share the evolution of PLC image.

So this is the evolution of PLC.

So once upon a time we were into the manual control.

Okay.

So can you find the image over here a man who

is operating a hand wall by you know looking into the

temperature gauge okay he's very nearer to the furnace according to

the temperature range he is going to change the hand wall

okay do you think it is really safe for a human

being who is always nearer to the furnace obviously no

and the second thing as a point of as a industry point of view obviously we are losing a precision

and accuracy over here.

Fine.

So, this is the main problem in a manual control.

Okay.

That's what we have shifted to the hardware control.

Okay.

So, what is this hardware control?

This is nothing but a relay control system.

Okay.

So, older automated systems were used, hundreds and thousands of relays.

Okay.

So, obviously, we know relay, right?

It is a, you know, electromagnetic switch.

Okay.

For a simple, to make a simpler, you know, simple control system, we are in need of more wires to make it possible okay

so a single plc unit can replace the hundred

and thousands of relay control release okay

that is the main thing that's what we have faced

so much of difficulty in this hardware control

so one of the main disappointments over here is it is really tough to find where the fault occurs

if for example in a simple control system there is one error in a wiring okay

and it's really hard to find

because we are into thousands of wires okay there is one

statement in the control industry they will tell the relay control system as

if the fault is happening means it is five hours to find the fault

and five minutes to fix it okay

that is one of the main disadvantage in this hardware control

system that's what we have moved into the electronics control

which is nothing but a pcb designing and all okay so there was a problem with the troubleshooting and the cost also.

Okay.

That's what we have shifted to the PLC control.

Okay.

PLC is a specialized computer used to control the machine and the process.

Okay.

It using the programmable memory to store the instruction and execute the functions that include on -off control,

timing, function and counting function, sequencing, processing, logical, arithmetic and data handling functions.

Okay.

So, the design of most PLC is similar to that of other computers, normal or personal computers.

Okay.

But it is specially for the manufacturing process equipments and machinery.

Okay.

Unlike an office computer, it can be, it has been designed to operate in the industrial environment.

Obviously, industry means controller need to run for 24 into 7.

Right.

So PLC can withstand those temperature.

Okay.

Because it is equipped with special input and output interface and control programming language.

Right.

Yeah.

Let us see the architecture of PLC.

yeah so yeah before

that i would like to introduce him he is a dick

richard dick marley who is the father of plc okay in 1960s he has introduced this plc

and he is a father of plc let's move PLC architecture

so as I have already told it is similar to our personal computer right

so our personal computer obviously it is having

a processor correct now so it is having a processor which is a brain of the control system

okay so before

that let's have a look into this power supply okay it is used to power the cpu

and other field devices right it is a source it is giving the source to all the devices okay

and let's have a look into this input

and output module what is this means it is act as a bridge

which is connecting our input

and output devices with the cpu okay is used to give the communication between io devices

that means a field instruments like push buttons switchers transmitters control valve solenoid valve vft

so these are the field instruments

so it is making a bridge between those field instruments

and the cpu okay and can you find the optical isolation over here

okay it is a isolation barrier okay to electrically isolate the

internal components of cpu from the io terminals plc employs an isolation okay

so and coming back to the cpu it is a brain of the plc

and it is having a processor used to perform logic and controlling the communication among the modules.

Okay.

User can enter the desired circuit in the ladder logic program.

100

Okay.

101

Which is by using this programming device.

102

Okay.

103

The processor accepts the input data from various input devices

104

and execute the program which is stored in the program memory and send the signal to the output device.

105

Okay.

106

So and this one programming device.

107

This may be a handled device in our older days

108

and now we are using pcs and laptop where we are installing our plc software

109

and we will be writing the program into it by using the communication portals we are downloading

110

and uploading the program into one from the plc okay

111

so these are the main components we have in the plc

112

and apart from this additional components we may have a operator interface device to allow the data entry

113

and data monitoring by the operators

114

and the second one is communication adapters for remote IOS so

115

that the central controller you know can be connected to remote sensor

116

and actuators okay and the third one is the network interface

117

which is allow the interconnecting of PLCs with other controllers

118

and the distributed control system okay so the above three are the additional components

119

but these five are the very important components that you can find in all the PLCs.

120

Okay.

121

So, let's move on to the advantages of PLC.

122

Okay.

123

Let me share one more image.

124

Okay.

125

So, advantage of PLC.

126

So, why we are using PLC over the PLC, you know, previous control systems.

127

Okay.

128

Let's see the first point which is increasing the reliability.

129

Okay.

130

So here once the program has been written into the PLC and is tested it can easily download to the PLC.

131

Okay.

132

Since all the logic is contained in the PLC memory there is no chance of making the logical error.

133

That is a one of the main advantages in a PLC.

134

Okay.

135

This program takes the place of much of the external wiring

136

that would normally be required for controlling of the process okay

137

hard wiring is still required to connect the field devices

138

but it is very less comparing to the relay control system okay

139

so that's what it is increasing the reliability okay the second point we can see is it's more flexible okay

140

so more flexible in the terms like it is not really easy to wire

141

and rewire the circuit correct na but in a plc changing a program will be very easy.

142

End user can modify the program in the field or

143

if desired security can be provided by future such as key locks and passwords.

144

Okay, it is more flexible.

145

And the third point we are having is a communication capability.

146

Okay, so PLC can communicate with other PLC and other computer equipment to perform some functions.

147

Okay, it can easily communicate with the SCADA systems, HMIs and other PLC and all.

148

Okay.

149

And also it is used for the uploading and downloading of programs.

150

Okay.

151

So comparing to the previous control system here, the communication capability is having more features.

152

Okay.

153

The next one is faster response time.

154

Okay.

155

It operates in a real time, which means the event take place in the field results in the execution of the output.

156

okay

157

and the next is easier to troubleshoot it is having a

158

led indication okay to easily find out the faulty i o

159

to fix the problems user can display the control program

160

and the monitor and watch it in a real time as it exhibits

161

okay by using all these we are finding more advantages in the plc okay

162

so this is all about the introduction of plc let you know meet you in the next session thank you

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這部影片適合誰？

這部介紹PLC的影片適合具備基礎英語聽力、想提升專業領域英語理解與表達能力的學習者。不論你是工程領域的學生，還是希望進一步掌握工業自動化相關英語術語的職場人士，透過影片中的實用內容，不僅能瞭解PLC的基本知識，還能磨練專業英語的聽說技巧，為日後閱讀技術文獻或與國際同行交流打下基礎。

值得借鑑的詞彙與短語

影片中出現了不少實用的專業術語和表達，以下是幾個值得關注的例子：

Programmable Logic Controller：即可程式設計邏輯控制器，簡稱PLC，是工業自動化領域的核心裝置。
relay control system：繼電器控制系統，影片中用於對比PLC的早期控制方式。
precision and accuracy：精確度和準確性，描述手動控制的不足時用到的關鍵短語。
find the fault：排查故障，工業控制領域的常用表達，影片中反覆提及。

如何練好口音？

這位講者的口音清晰，語速適中，非常適合進行英語影子跟讀（shadow speech）練習。以下是兩個提升口音的關鍵點：

重讀關鍵名詞

講者在提到專業術語時會適當加重語氣，例如“PLC”“relay control system”，練習時可模仿這種重讀方式，突出技術詞彙的重要性，同時增強表達的邏輯性。

注意連讀與停頓

講者在長句中會自然停頓，如“it is five hours to find the fault”，停頓處恰好在“five hours”之後，練習時可仔細聆聽並模仿停頓的節奏，避免語速過快導致的含糊不清。透過反覆的shadow speak練習，能逐漸掌握這種自然的表達節奏。

建議每天花10-15分鐘進行影子跟讀，專注於模仿語調和停頓，堅持一段時間後，口語的流暢度和口音的相似度會明顯提升。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	has been designed · is equipped · is stored
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have shifted · have faced · have moved
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	processor which is · program which is · point which is

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Introduction to PLC | Siemens PLC Training Course - 通過影片學習英語口語

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這部影片適合誰？

值得借鑑的詞彙與短語

如何練好口音？

重讀關鍵名詞

注意連讀與停頓

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？