Практика Shadowing: Introduction to PLC | Siemens PLC Training Course - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Hello everyone.
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Today we are going to learn about PLC.
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Let's start with its introduction.
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So PLC, it is Programmable Logic Controller.
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Okay.
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Generally what is controller?
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A controller is used to control some operations fine
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that is what controller meant to it's right okay
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so plc is a dedicated controller specially used in a industry okay
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so plc are used in every aspect of industry to expand
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and enhance its production for its production only mainly plc is very introduced in the industry okay
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so in generally the definition of plc can be it is a unit of hardware used to control
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and automate the industrial process.
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Fine.
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So let me share the evolution of PLC image.
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So this is the evolution of PLC.
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So once upon a time we were into the manual control.
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Okay.
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So can you find the image over here a man who
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is operating a hand wall by you know looking into the
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temperature gauge okay he's very nearer to the furnace according to
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the temperature range he is going to change the hand wall
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okay do you think it is really safe for a human
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being who is always nearer to the furnace obviously no
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and the second thing as a point of as a industry point of view obviously we are losing a precision
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and accuracy over here.
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Fine.
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So, this is the main problem in a manual control.
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Okay.
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That's what we have shifted to the hardware control.
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Okay.
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So, what is this hardware control?
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This is nothing but a relay control system.
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Okay.
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So, older automated systems were used, hundreds and thousands of relays.
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Okay.
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So, obviously, we know relay, right?
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It is a, you know, electromagnetic switch.
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Okay.
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For a simple, to make a simpler, you know, simple control system, we are in need of more wires to make it possible okay
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so a single plc unit can replace the hundred
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and thousands of relay control release okay
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that is the main thing that's what we have faced
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so much of difficulty in this hardware control
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so one of the main disappointments over here is it is really tough to find where the fault occurs
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if for example in a simple control system there is one error in a wiring okay
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and it's really hard to find
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because we are into thousands of wires okay there is one
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statement in the control industry they will tell the relay control system as
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if the fault is happening means it is five hours to find the fault
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and five minutes to fix it okay
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that is one of the main disadvantage in this hardware control
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system that's what we have moved into the electronics control
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which is nothing but a pcb designing and all okay so there was a problem with the troubleshooting and the cost also.
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Okay.
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That's what we have shifted to the PLC control.
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Okay.
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PLC is a specialized computer used to control the machine and the process.
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Okay.
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It using the programmable memory to store the instruction and execute the functions that include on -off control,
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timing, function and counting function, sequencing, processing, logical, arithmetic and data handling functions.
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Okay.
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So, the design of most PLC is similar to that of other computers, normal or personal computers.
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Okay.
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But it is specially for the manufacturing process equipments and machinery.
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Okay.
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Unlike an office computer, it can be, it has been designed to operate in the industrial environment.
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Obviously, industry means controller need to run for 24 into 7.
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Right.
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So PLC can withstand those temperature.
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Okay.
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Because it is equipped with special input and output interface and control programming language.
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Right.
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Yeah.
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Let us see the architecture of PLC.
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yeah so yeah before
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that i would like to introduce him he is a dick
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richard dick marley who is the father of plc okay in 1960s he has introduced this plc
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and he is a father of plc let's move PLC architecture
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so as I have already told it is similar to our personal computer right
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so our personal computer obviously it is having
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a processor correct now so it is having a processor which is a brain of the control system
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okay so before
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that let's have a look into this power supply okay it is used to power the cpu
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and other field devices right it is a source it is giving the source to all the devices okay
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and let's have a look into this input
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and output module what is this means it is act as a bridge
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which is connecting our input
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and output devices with the cpu okay is used to give the communication between io devices
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that means a field instruments like push buttons switchers transmitters control valve solenoid valve vft
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so these are the field instruments
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so it is making a bridge between those field instruments
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and the cpu okay and can you find the optical isolation over here
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okay it is a isolation barrier okay to electrically isolate the
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internal components of cpu from the io terminals plc employs an isolation okay
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so and coming back to the cpu it is a brain of the plc
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and it is having a processor used to perform logic and controlling the communication among the modules.
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Okay.
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User can enter the desired circuit in the ladder logic program.
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Okay.
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Which is by using this programming device.
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Okay.
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The processor accepts the input data from various input devices
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and execute the program which is stored in the program memory and send the signal to the output device.
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Okay.
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So and this one programming device.
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This may be a handled device in our older days
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and now we are using pcs and laptop where we are installing our plc software
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and we will be writing the program into it by using the communication portals we are downloading
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and uploading the program into one from the plc okay
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so these are the main components we have in the plc
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and apart from this additional components we may have a operator interface device to allow the data entry
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and data monitoring by the operators
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and the second one is communication adapters for remote IOS so
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that the central controller you know can be connected to remote sensor
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and actuators okay and the third one is the network interface
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which is allow the interconnecting of PLCs with other controllers
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and the distributed control system okay so the above three are the additional components
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but these five are the very important components that you can find in all the PLCs.
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Okay.
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So, let's move on to the advantages of PLC.
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Okay.
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Let me share one more image.
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Okay.
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So, advantage of PLC.
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So, why we are using PLC over the PLC, you know, previous control systems.
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Okay.
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Let's see the first point which is increasing the reliability.
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Okay.
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So here once the program has been written into the PLC and is tested it can easily download to the PLC.
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Okay.
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Since all the logic is contained in the PLC memory there is no chance of making the logical error.
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That is a one of the main advantages in a PLC.
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Okay.
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This program takes the place of much of the external wiring
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that would normally be required for controlling of the process okay
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hard wiring is still required to connect the field devices
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but it is very less comparing to the relay control system okay
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so that's what it is increasing the reliability okay the second point we can see is it's more flexible okay
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so more flexible in the terms like it is not really easy to wire
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and rewire the circuit correct na but in a plc changing a program will be very easy.
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End user can modify the program in the field or
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if desired security can be provided by future such as key locks and passwords.
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Okay, it is more flexible.
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And the third point we are having is a communication capability.
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Okay, so PLC can communicate with other PLC and other computer equipment to perform some functions.
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Okay, it can easily communicate with the SCADA systems, HMIs and other PLC and all.
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Okay.
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And also it is used for the uploading and downloading of programs.
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Okay.
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So comparing to the previous control system here, the communication capability is having more features.
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Okay.
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The next one is faster response time.
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Okay.
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It operates in a real time, which means the event take place in the field results in the execution of the output.
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okay
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and the next is easier to troubleshoot it is having a
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led indication okay to easily find out the faulty i o
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to fix the problems user can display the control program
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and the monitor and watch it in a real time as it exhibits
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okay by using all these we are finding more advantages in the plc okay
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so this is all about the introduction of plc let you know meet you in the next session thank you
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О данном уроке
В этом уроке ты познакомишься с основами PLC (Программируемый логический контроллер) и попрактикуешься в воспроизведении английской речи по видео. Ты узнаешь, как работают контроллеры в промышленности, их эволюцию и преимущества, а также улучшишь произношение английского с помощью техники shadowing. Это отличная возможность совмещать изучение специализированной лексики с тренировкой речи!
Основная лексика и фразы
- PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) — Программируемый логический контроллер
- Controller — Контроллер (устройство для управления)
- Industrial process — Промышленный процесс
- Relay control system — Релевая система управления
- Precision and accuracy — Точность и точность (в контексте промышленного контроля)
- Fault — Неисправность, сбой
Советы для практики
Чтобы эффективно учить английский по видео, используй технику shadowing (или "shadow speak"): повторяй за спикером сразу же после его речи, стараясь копировать не только слова, но и интонацию, темп и паузы. В видео речь идёт медленно и чётко, что идеально подходит для новичков. Начни с коротких отрывков (5-10 секунд), затем увеличивай длительность. Обратите внимание на словосочетания вроде "dedicated controller" или "manual control" — повторяй их несколько раз, чтобы запомнить правильное произношение. Не бойся ошибок: shadowing помогает развить чувство ритма и естественной речи, а постоянная практика гарантированно улучшит твое произношение английского. Проведи по 10-15 минут каждый день, и ты скоро заметишь прогресс!
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| «Used to» used to + глагол — прошлая привычка или состояние, которых больше нет | used to control · used to perform |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | has been designed · is equipped · is stored |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | have shifted · have faced · have moved |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | processor which is · program which is · point which is |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.