跟讀練習: Taoist Wisdom For Inner Peace - 通過影片學習英語口語
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96 句
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Taoism is an ancient Chinese mystical, philosophical, and religious tradition that emphasizes living in agreement with the Tao.
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The main work in Taoism is the Daodejing, created by a mysterious author called Laozi, which contains profound wisdom and insights.
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But there are more ancient works that define Taoism, like Zhuangzi and Lizi.
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It can be difficult to make sense out of the poetry, parables, anecdotes, and other forms of writing that Daoist scriptures have to offer.
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Nevertheless, we can find a lot of value in them.
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In this video, I would like to discuss some Daoist wisdom for inner peace.
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Daoism contains a philosophy that almost directly opposes today's culture.
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We're all about work hard, play hard, being proactive, unlocking your full potential,
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social, achieving social status, which often goes hand -in -hand with stretching ourselves beyond our capacities.
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This doesn't mean that accomplishment is evil.
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A certain degree of accomplishment is necessary for survival, and lies at the basis of civilization.
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But the Taoists highlight that there are alternative ways to live our lives.
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Ways that are less burdened, but less glamorous too.
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This all comes down to living more in tune with the Tao.
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Tao, the all -encompassing and thriving force behind the universe.
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Here are four pieces of wisdom that might bring us closer to the Tao.
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Don't stand on your tiptoes.
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In current culture, we're likely to overstretch ourselves in order to achieve our goals.
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Oftentimes we rush, exaggerate our achievements, lie, boast about our abilities, and push too hard.
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But the problem with this behavior is that we often lack the foundation to do what we want to do,
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which results in a very unstable position.
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I quote, Those who stand on tiptoes do not stand firmly.
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Those who rush ahead don't get very far.
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Those who try to outshine others dim their own light.
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Those who call themselves righteous can't know how wrong they are.
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Those who boast of their accomplishments diminish the things they have done.
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End quote.
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So, it's better that we don't rush into tasks, don't buy things that we can't afford, don't lie about our abilities,
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and don't show ourselves off all the time.
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Because if we do, we put ourselves in an extremely vulnerable and stressful position.
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This doesn't mean that we shouldn't go out and accomplish things.
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It's just that we do so in a manner that's sustainable and within our true capacities.
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Let softness overcome the heart.
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As a follow -up to not standing on our tiptoes,
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it could be very beneficial to realize that softness is a way to overcome the greatest of tasks.
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Here's what Lao Tzu wrote about this, and I quote, Water is the softest and most yielding substance,
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yet nothing is better than water for overcoming the hard and rigid, because nothing can compete with it.
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End quote.
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We can interpret this in many ways.
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When we look at how water has carved out mountains and rocks on our planet,
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we could say that repeating the same acts of softness over and over again will eventually overcome the hard.
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If we put emphasis on small tasks and efforts, these eventually add up into one big undertaking.
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This is the power of discipline, which means that we do the same things over and over again to achieve something big.
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A great factor in this process is the virtue of patience, which is also a form of softness,
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in which we simply accept the slowness of a natural process.
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Another factor is the willingness to let go, so the universe can manifest itself.
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We can see this with planting a tree, for example.
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We can't will the tree into growth.
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We can only water it and let nature do the rest.
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Being soft also means being flexible.
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People that are too hard and brittle cannot adapt to new situations easily and are often subdued to external circumstances.
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When we're flexible, like water, we can adapt to these circumstances.
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When a rock breaks off from a mountain by an earthquake, the fall pulverizes it.
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Water, on the other hand, will just find another way to flow.
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Three.
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Appreciate uselessness.
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In the Zhuangzi, there's a story about a useless, crooked tree.
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The lumberjack didn't want to cut that tree because that would have been a waste of his time and energy.
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The tree was so crooked and ugly that he probably couldn't even make one decent wooden plank out of it.
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But then, Zhuangzi came along.
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He observed that the straight trees were all cut down because they were useful for mankind.
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Thus, the uselessness of the crooked tree became the reason for its survival.
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Moreover, people thought… that the tree's deformations and age made it special and began to worship it like a holy object.
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Our society expects us to be useful.
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We're more appreciated when we're intelligent, diligent, good -looking, etc. Being useless doesn't get us any respect, and is even seen as a vice.
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Even the Stoics think that living virtuously includes being useful for the community.
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But the Taoists, as rebellious as they are, go against the grain by saying that uselessness is actually very useful.
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In the case of the tree, uselessness led to its preservation.
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When it comes to humans, we'll see that when we don't possess many desirable traits, we're often saved from a lot of trouble.
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So if you aren't very gifted, don't sweat over it.
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Instead, be happy, because gifted people are often the first ones that get exploited.
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Don't strive, but flow along.
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Zhuangzi observed that striving for external things is the same as striving for an illusion.
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Wealth doesn't buy happiness, and it certainly doesn't buy inner peace.
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On the contrary, being too much encumbered by possessions can evoke anxiety.
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I quote, The ears of the rich are provided with the music of bells,
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drums, flageolettes, and flutes, and their mouths are stuffed with the flesh of fat beasts, and with wine of the richest flavor.
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However, so are their desires satisfied, till they forget their proper business.
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Theirs may be pronounced a condition of disorder.
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Sunk deeply in their self -sufficiency, they resemble individuals ascending a height with a heavy burden on their backs.
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Their condition may be pronounced one of bitter suffering.
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End quote.
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The Taoists see any kind of grasping towards externals and tightly holding on to them as unnatural.
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It's not aligned with the Tao, so to say.
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But current society seems to completely revolve around this, and perhaps this is one of the main reasons why
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so many people are on antidepressants these days and flee in drugs and alcohol.
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A healthier way would be to stop striving and let go.
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And when we flow along with the current of life, we'll find out that many things will come to us, and that it doesn't take much,
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in a materialistic sense, to be satisfied.
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When a bird drinks from a pond, it only fills its belly with enough water to keep on living.
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Even animals in hibernation eat just enough to survive the coldness and scarcity of the winter.
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By following a more natural course, we will most likely end up in places that are more in agreement with our own nature.
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The act of striving often blinds us to the things
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that already are and the possibilities that life presents and that we can simply take without effort.
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So, it can't harm us to lay down the arms for a
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while and just experience what the universe has in store for us, instead of constantly striving for a conceptual future.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Taoist Wisdom For Inner Peace”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：tree, quote, striving, Tao, Taoist。 這段影片共有 75 個句子、1275 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 7:57。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 160 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 79% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| strive 動詞 | /ˈstɹaɪv/ | 努力, 奮鬥 /奮鬥 |
| overcome 動詞 | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | 征服, 克服 |
| rush 動詞 | /ɹʌʃ/ | 急速去, 急速做 |
| wisdom 名詞 | /ˈwɪzdəm/ | 智慧 |
| accomplishment 名詞 | /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/ | 成就, 成果 |
| crooked 形容詞 | /kɹʊkɪd/ | 彎曲 /彎曲, 歪 |
| survival 名詞 | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | 生存 |
| burden 名詞 | /ˈbɝdn̩/ | 負荷 /負荷 |
| flexible 形容詞 | /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ | 靈活 /靈活 |
| observe 動詞 | /əbˈzɜːv/ | 遵守, 遵循 |
| adapt 動詞 | /əˈdæpt/ | 適應 /適應 |
| satisfy 動詞 | /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ | 滿足 /滿足 |
| circumstance 名詞 | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | 情況 /情況, 狀態 /狀態 |
| pronounce 動詞 | /pɹəˈnaʊns/ | 宣稱 /宣稱, 宣告 |
| boast 動詞 | /boʊst/ | 吹牛, 吹噓 /吹噓 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| come along 動詞 | 陪伴, 陪同 |
| cut down 動詞 | 砍倒 |
| find out 動詞 | 找出, 查明 |
| go out 動詞 | 出, 出口 |
| lie down 動詞 | 偃, 躺下 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | Those who stand · Those who rush · Those who try |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are often subdued · is even seen · are provided |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have done · has carved |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 32 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, doesn't, we're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, theirs /ðɛɚz/, thrive /θɹajv/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: rush /ɹʌʃ/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, possession /pəˈzɛʃn̩/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, flesh /flɛʃ/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, crooked /kɹʊkɪd/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/, stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/, resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/, glamorous /ˈɡlæ.mə.ɹəs/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 strive, overcome, rush 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。