跟讀練習: EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius - 通過影片學習英語口語

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67 句

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We know very little for certain about the life of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.

He is said to have been born in 551 BC in China.

He may have been a student of the Taoist master Lao Tzu.

According to tradition, he began government service and served many roles, including Minister of Crime under Duke Ding in the state of Lu.

However, Confucius and the Duke fell out after the Duke received a present from a neighboring ruler, beautiful women and 124 horses.

The Duke spent all his time riding horses and being entertained by the women, which Confucius found deeply improper for a ruler.

So he left the court and wandered for years.

Around between the 3rd and 5th century BC, Confucius's works were collected into the Analects, a collection of sayings written down by his followers.

Some of the morals Confucius taught are easily recognizable, most notably his version of the Golden Rule, do not do unto others what you don't want done to yourself.

But some of them also sound very strange or old-fashioned to modern ears, especially to Western ones.

But we need his advice all the more for this.

It serves as an antidote to the troubles we currently face.

Here are a few examples of what Confucius helps us to remember.

1. Ceremony is important The Analects are filled with strange conversations between Confucius and his disciples, like this one.

Tsé-Kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep.

Confucius said, Tsé, you love the sheep, I love the ceremony.

At first this is baffling, if not also humorous.

Why not save the sheep?

But Confucius is reminding Tze and us about the importance of ceremony.

In the modern world we tend to shun ceremony and see this as a good thing, a sign of intimacy or a lack of pretension.

But Confucius believed in the value of ceremonies over sheep because he valued what he called ritual propriety.

This might seem a very outdated and conservative idea, but in fact many of us long for particular rituals that meal mum cooked for us whenever we were sick,

or the yearly birthday outing, or our wedding vows.

We understand that certain premeditated, deliberate and precise gestures stir our emotions deeply.

Rituals make our intentions clear and they help us to understand how to behave.

Two, we should treat our parents with reverence.

In particular, Confucius had a very strict idea about how we should behave towards our parents.

He believed that we should obey them when we're young, care for them when they're old, mourn at length when they die and make huge sacrifices in their memory thereafter.

He even said that we shouldn't travel far away

while our parents are alive and should cover for them if they steal a sheep.

This attitude is known as filial piety.

This sounds strange now, when many of us leave our parents home as teenagers and rarely return to visit.

We may even see them as strangers, arbitrarily thrust upon us by fate.

After all, our parents are so out of touch, so pitifully human in their shortcomings, so difficult, so judgmental, and they have such bad taste in music.

Yet Confucius recognize that in many ways moral life begins in the family.

We cannot truly be caring, wise, grateful and conscientious unless we remember mum's birthday and meet dad for lunch.

3. We should be obedient to honourable people Modern society is very egalitarian.

We believe that we're all born equal and should ultimately be able to say and do whatever we like.

We reject many rigid hierarchical roles.

Yet Confucius told his followers Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject, a father a father, and a son a son.

This might sound jarring, but it is in fact important to realise that there are people worthy of our deep veneration, even our simple and humble obedience.

We need to be modest enough to recognise the people whose experience or accomplishments outweigh our own.

We should also practise peaceably doing what these people need, ask or command.

Confucius explained, The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and the grass.

The grass must bend when the wind blows across it.

Bending gracefully is in fact not a sign of weakness but a gesture of humility and respect.

Four.

Cultivated knowledge can be more important than creativity.

Modern culture places a lot of emphasis on creativity, unique insights that come to us suddenly.

But Confucius was adamant about the importance of the universal wisdom that comes comes from years of hard work and reflection.

He listed benevolence, ritual propriety, righteousness, wisdom, integrity, as the five constant virtues.

While Confucius believed that people were inherently good, he also saw that virtues like these must be constantly cultivated, just like plants in a garden.

He spoke about moral character and wisdom as the work of a lifetime.

We can see now why he had such reverence for his elders.

Of course, a burst of inspiration may well be what we need to start our business

or redo our rough draft or reinvent our life.

But if we're being very honest with ourselves, we'll have to admit that we also need to devote more energy to slowly changing our habits.

This, more than anything else, is what prevents us from becoming truly intelligent, accomplished and wise.

Confucius died without reforming the decadent Duke and his officials.

But after his death, his followers created schools and temples in his honour across East Asia, passing his teachings along for over 2,000 years.

Today, millions of people still follow Confucius' teachings as a spiritual or religious discipline, and his thought has been a huge influence on Eastern political ideas about morality,

obedience and good leadership.

We might find Confucian virtues a bit strange or old-fashioned, but this is what ultimately makes them all the more important.

We need them as a corrective to our own excesses.

The modern world is almost surprisingly totally un-Confucian, informal, egalitarian and full of innovation.

So we're conversely at risk of becoming impulsive, irreverent and thoughtless without a little advice from Confucius about good behaviour and cheap.

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：Confucius, sheep, Duke, modern, parents。這段影片共有 67 個句子、1040 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:23。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 193 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。只有 76% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
ruler 名詞	/ˈɹulɚ/	尺, 直尺
ritual 名詞	/ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/	儀式 /儀式, 典禮 /典禮
follower 名詞	/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/	追隨者 /追隨者
cultivate 動詞	/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/	耕種 /耕種, 種植 /種植
egalitarian 形容詞	/ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/	平等主義的 /平等主義的, 平均主義的 /平均主義的
obedience 名詞	/oʊˈbidiəns/	百依百順 /百依百順, 服從 /服從
reverence 名詞	/ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/	崇敬
gesture 名詞	/ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/	手勢 /手勢, 姿勢 /姿勢
behave 動詞	/bɪˈheɪv/	為人 /為人
creativity 名詞	/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/	創造力 /創造力, 創造性 /創造性
adamant 形容詞	/ˈæd.ə.mənt/	堅定不移 /堅定不移, 堅決 /堅決
antidote 名詞	/ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/	解藥 /解藥, 解毒藥 /解毒藥
arbitrarily 副詞		任意地
baffle 動詞	/ˈbæf(ə)l/	迷惑, 使困惑
benevolence 名詞	/bəˈnɛvələns/	仁慈, 仁

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
do away with 動詞	廢除 /廢除, 終止 /終止
fall out 動詞	掉出來 /掉出來
write down 動詞	寫下來 /寫下來, 寫下 /寫下

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, don't, shouldn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: thoughtless /ˈθɔtləs/, thrust /θɹʌst/, thereafter /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/, veneration /ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
長單詞——注意重音位置: egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/, conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/, reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/, obedience /oʊˈbidiəns/, reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, adamant /ˈæd.ə.mənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: ruler /ˈɹulɚ/, ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, gracefully /ˈɡɹeɪsfəli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 ruler, ritual, follower 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius - 通過影片學習英語口語

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