Практика Shadowing: EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
1
We know very little for certain about the life of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.
2
He is said to have been born in 551 BC in China.
3
He may have been a student of the Taoist master Lao Tzu.
4
According to tradition, he began government service and served many roles, including Minister of Crime under Duke Ding in the state of Lu.
5
However, Confucius and the Duke fell out after the Duke received a present from a neighboring ruler, beautiful women and 124 horses.
6
The Duke spent all his time riding horses and being entertained by the women, which Confucius found deeply improper for a ruler.
7
So he left the court and wandered for years.
8
Around between the 3rd and 5th century BC, Confucius's works were collected into the Analects, a collection of sayings written down by his followers.
9
Some of the morals Confucius taught are easily recognizable, most notably his version of the Golden Rule, do not do unto others what you don't want done to yourself.
10
But some of them also sound very strange or old-fashioned to modern ears, especially to Western ones.
11
But we need his advice all the more for this.
12
It serves as an antidote to the troubles we currently face.
13
Here are a few examples of what Confucius helps us to remember.
14
1. Ceremony is important The Analects are filled with strange conversations between Confucius and his disciples, like this one.
15
Tsé-Kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep.
16
Confucius said, Tsé, you love the sheep, I love the ceremony.
17
At first this is baffling, if not also humorous.
18
Why not save the sheep?
19
But Confucius is reminding Tze and us about the importance of ceremony.
20
In the modern world we tend to shun ceremony and see this as a good thing, a sign of intimacy or a lack of pretension.
21
But Confucius believed in the value of ceremonies over sheep because he valued what he called ritual propriety.
22
This might seem a very outdated and conservative idea, but in fact many of us long for particular rituals that meal mum cooked for us whenever we were sick,
23
or the yearly birthday outing, or our wedding vows.
24
We understand that certain premeditated, deliberate and precise gestures stir our emotions deeply.
25
Rituals make our intentions clear and they help us to understand how to behave.
26
Two, we should treat our parents with reverence.
27
In particular, Confucius had a very strict idea about how we should behave towards our parents.
28
He believed that we should obey them when we're young, care for them when they're old, mourn at length when they die and make huge sacrifices in their memory thereafter.
29
He even said that we shouldn't travel far away
30
while our parents are alive and should cover for them if they steal a sheep.
31
This attitude is known as filial piety.
32
This sounds strange now, when many of us leave our parents home as teenagers and rarely return to visit.
33
We may even see them as strangers, arbitrarily thrust upon us by fate.
34
After all, our parents are so out of touch, so pitifully human in their shortcomings, so difficult, so judgmental, and they have such bad taste in music.
35
Yet Confucius recognize that in many ways moral life begins in the family.
36
We cannot truly be caring, wise, grateful and conscientious unless we remember mum's birthday and meet dad for lunch.
37
3. We should be obedient to honourable people Modern society is very egalitarian.
38
We believe that we're all born equal and should ultimately be able to say and do whatever we like.
39
We reject many rigid hierarchical roles.
40
Yet Confucius told his followers Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject, a father a father, and a son a son.
41
This might sound jarring, but it is in fact important to realise that there are people worthy of our deep veneration, even our simple and humble obedience.
42
We need to be modest enough to recognise the people whose experience or accomplishments outweigh our own.
43
We should also practise peaceably doing what these people need, ask or command.
44
Confucius explained, The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and the grass.
45
The grass must bend when the wind blows across it.
46
Bending gracefully is in fact not a sign of weakness but a gesture of humility and respect.
47
Four.
48
Cultivated knowledge can be more important than creativity.
49
Modern culture places a lot of emphasis on creativity, unique insights that come to us suddenly.
50
But Confucius was adamant about the importance of the universal wisdom that comes comes from years of hard work and reflection.
51
He listed benevolence, ritual propriety, righteousness, wisdom, integrity, as the five constant virtues.
52
While Confucius believed that people were inherently good, he also saw that virtues like these must be constantly cultivated, just like plants in a garden.
53
He spoke about moral character and wisdom as the work of a lifetime.
54
We can see now why he had such reverence for his elders.
55
Of course, a burst of inspiration may well be what we need to start our business
56
or redo our rough draft or reinvent our life.
57
But if we're being very honest with ourselves, we'll have to admit that we also need to devote more energy to slowly changing our habits.
58
This, more than anything else, is what prevents us from becoming truly intelligent, accomplished and wise.
59
Confucius died without reforming the decadent Duke and his officials.
60
But after his death, his followers created schools and temples in his honour across East Asia, passing his teachings along for over 2,000 years.
61
Today, millions of people still follow Confucius' teachings as a spiritual or religious discipline, and his thought has been a huge influence on Eastern political ideas about morality,
62
obedience and good leadership.
63
We might find Confucian virtues a bit strange or old-fashioned, but this is what ultimately makes them all the more important.
64
We need them as a corrective to our own excesses.
65
The modern world is almost surprisingly totally un-Confucian, informal, egalitarian and full of innovation.
66
So we're conversely at risk of becoming impulsive, irreverent and thoughtless without a little advice from Confucius about good behaviour and cheap.
67
Thank you.
📺 Тот же канал
C2483
The Purpose and Benefit of Emotional Education
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Childish Behavior That Ruins Adult Relationships
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
Why Religious Beliefs Aren't Just Silly
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
How to Love without fear
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C110
What Years of Heartbreak Actually Teach Us
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B247
What is The School of Life?
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
Why Heartbroken People Make the Best Lovers
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C148
Don't Despair
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C2386
What's Education For?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Why Some Breakups Hurt So Much More Than Others
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How to Spot the Loveliest People in the World
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Are You Neurotic or Psychotic? How to Tell the Difference
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
Why We Should Refuse to Get Into Arguments
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C111
When Love Isn't Easy
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
Who Dreams of the Greatest Love? (it's not who you expect)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How to Find Out What's Really on Your Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How to Be Strong and Resilient
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
What to think of the Rice Theory of the Japanese Character
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
PHILOSOPHY - Plato
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Рекомендуемое видео
B214
97 предложений
Ancient Chinese Wisdom to Calm Your Modern Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C142
29 предложений
Shakespeare: Hamlet
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C15
93 предложений
Some brains are built for philosophy. Is yours?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
![[ SHAOLIN MASTER ] The Four Noble Truths | Shi Heng Yi 2023](https://img.youtube.com/vi/Q40NFK6MQSU/mqdefault.jpg)
C12
143 предложений
[ SHAOLIN MASTER ] The Four Noble Truths | Shi Heng Yi 2023
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
301 предложений
10 Traditional Chinese Health Habits My Mom Taught Me (What Science Says)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1120
21 предложений
Impulse Control: The No You Never Practice (Epictetus)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
97 предложений
Jordan Peterson - You Need a Routine!
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C15
4 предложений
Loneliness and the Illusion of Connection | Thich Nhat Hanh, 2012.12.13
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21,042
16 предложений
Steve Jobs: Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
6 предложений
The Book of Proverbs • What It Teaches About Being Good at Life
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
54 предложений
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius». Чаще всего повторяются слова: Confucius, sheep, Duke, modern, parents. В этом видео 67 предложений и 1040 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:23. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 193 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 76% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| ruler существительное | /ˈɹulɚ/ | лине́йка |
| ritual существительное | /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ | ритуа́л, обря́д |
| follower существительное | /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/ | после́дователь, после́довательница |
| cultivate глагол | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | выра́щивать, вы́растить |
| egalitarian прилагательное | /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ | уравни́тельный, эгалита́рный |
| obedience существительное | /oʊˈbidiəns/ | послуша́ние, поко́рность |
| reverence существительное | /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/ | почита́ние, благогове́ние |
| gesture существительное | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | жест, телодвиже́ние |
| behave глагол | /bɪˈheɪv/ | вести́ себя́, поступа́ть |
| creativity существительное | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | креати́вность, тво́рческие спосо́бности |
| adamant прилагательное | /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ | непода́тливый, непрекло́нный |
| antidote существительное | /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ | противоя́дие, антидо́т |
| arbitrarily наречие | произво́льно | |
| baffle глагол | /ˈbæf(ə)l/ | озада́чивать, озада́чить |
| benevolence существительное | /bəˈnɛvələns/ | благожела́тельность, доброжела́тельность |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| do away with глагол | прико́нчить |
| fall out глагол | выпада́ть, вы́пасть |
| write down глагол | запи́сывать, записа́ть |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 8 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we're, don't, shouldn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: thoughtless /ˈθɔtləs/, thrust /θɹʌst/, thereafter /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/, veneration /ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/, conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/, wander /ˈwɑndɚ/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: behave /bɪˈheɪv/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, humorous /ˈhjuːməɹəs/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: behave /bɪˈheɪv/, corrective /kəˈɹɛktɪv/, impulsive /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/, outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/, rigid /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как ruler, ritual, follower.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.