Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius
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We know very little for certain about the life of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.
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He is said to have been born in 551 BC in China.
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He may have been a student of the Taoist master Lao Tzu.
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According to tradition, he began government service and served many roles, including Minister of Crime under Duke Ding in the state of Lu.
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However, Confucius and the Duke fell out after the Duke received a present from a neighboring ruler, beautiful women and 124 horses.
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The Duke spent all his time riding horses and being entertained by the women, which Confucius found deeply improper for a ruler.
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So he left the court and wandered for years.
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Around between the 3rd and 5th century BC, Confucius's works were collected into the Analects, a collection of sayings written down by his followers.
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Some of the morals Confucius taught are easily recognizable, most notably his version of the Golden Rule, do not do unto others what you don't want done to yourself.
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But some of them also sound very strange or old-fashioned to modern ears, especially to Western ones.
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But we need his advice all the more for this.
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It serves as an antidote to the troubles we currently face.
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Here are a few examples of what Confucius helps us to remember.
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1. Ceremony is important The Analects are filled with strange conversations between Confucius and his disciples, like this one.
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Tsé-Kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep.
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Confucius said, Tsé, you love the sheep, I love the ceremony.
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At first this is baffling, if not also humorous.
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Why not save the sheep?
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But Confucius is reminding Tze and us about the importance of ceremony.
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In the modern world we tend to shun ceremony and see this as a good thing, a sign of intimacy or a lack of pretension.
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But Confucius believed in the value of ceremonies over sheep because he valued what he called ritual propriety.
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This might seem a very outdated and conservative idea, but in fact many of us long for particular rituals that meal mum cooked for us whenever we were sick,
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or the yearly birthday outing, or our wedding vows.
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We understand that certain premeditated, deliberate and precise gestures stir our emotions deeply.
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Rituals make our intentions clear and they help us to understand how to behave.
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Two, we should treat our parents with reverence.
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In particular, Confucius had a very strict idea about how we should behave towards our parents.
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He believed that we should obey them when we're young, care for them when they're old, mourn at length when they die and make huge sacrifices in their memory thereafter.
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He even said that we shouldn't travel far away
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while our parents are alive and should cover for them if they steal a sheep.
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This attitude is known as filial piety.
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This sounds strange now, when many of us leave our parents home as teenagers and rarely return to visit.
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We may even see them as strangers, arbitrarily thrust upon us by fate.
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After all, our parents are so out of touch, so pitifully human in their shortcomings, so difficult, so judgmental, and they have such bad taste in music.
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Yet Confucius recognize that in many ways moral life begins in the family.
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We cannot truly be caring, wise, grateful and conscientious unless we remember mum's birthday and meet dad for lunch.
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3. We should be obedient to honourable people Modern society is very egalitarian.
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We believe that we're all born equal and should ultimately be able to say and do whatever we like.
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We reject many rigid hierarchical roles.
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Yet Confucius told his followers Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject, a father a father, and a son a son.
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This might sound jarring, but it is in fact important to realise that there are people worthy of our deep veneration, even our simple and humble obedience.
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We need to be modest enough to recognise the people whose experience or accomplishments outweigh our own.
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We should also practise peaceably doing what these people need, ask or command.
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Confucius explained, The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and the grass.
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The grass must bend when the wind blows across it.
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Bending gracefully is in fact not a sign of weakness but a gesture of humility and respect.
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Four.
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Cultivated knowledge can be more important than creativity.
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Modern culture places a lot of emphasis on creativity, unique insights that come to us suddenly.
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But Confucius was adamant about the importance of the universal wisdom that comes comes from years of hard work and reflection.
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He listed benevolence, ritual propriety, righteousness, wisdom, integrity, as the five constant virtues.
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While Confucius believed that people were inherently good, he also saw that virtues like these must be constantly cultivated, just like plants in a garden.
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He spoke about moral character and wisdom as the work of a lifetime.
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We can see now why he had such reverence for his elders.
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Of course, a burst of inspiration may well be what we need to start our business
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or redo our rough draft or reinvent our life.
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But if we're being very honest with ourselves, we'll have to admit that we also need to devote more energy to slowly changing our habits.
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This, more than anything else, is what prevents us from becoming truly intelligent, accomplished and wise.
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Confucius died without reforming the decadent Duke and his officials.
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But after his death, his followers created schools and temples in his honour across East Asia, passing his teachings along for over 2,000 years.
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Today, millions of people still follow Confucius' teachings as a spiritual or religious discipline, and his thought has been a huge influence on Eastern political ideas about morality,
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obedience and good leadership.
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We might find Confucian virtues a bit strange or old-fashioned, but this is what ultimately makes them all the more important.
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We need them as a corrective to our own excesses.
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The modern world is almost surprisingly totally un-Confucian, informal, egalitarian and full of innovation.
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So we're conversely at risk of becoming impulsive, irreverent and thoughtless without a little advice from Confucius about good behaviour and cheap.
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Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ C1 này dựa trên video “EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: Confucius, sheep, Duke, modern, parents. Video này có 67 câu và 1040 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 5:23. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 193 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. Chỉ 76% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| ruler danh từ | /ˈɹulɚ/ | thước kẻ, thước |
| ritual danh từ | /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ | lễ nghi, nghi lễ |
| cultivate động từ | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | cày cấy, canh tác |
| obedience danh từ | /oʊˈbidiəns/ | sự nghe lời |
| gesture danh từ | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | cử chỉ, bộ tịch |
| behave động từ | /bɪˈheɪv/ | cư xử |
| creativity danh từ | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | óc sáng tạo, tính sáng tạo |
| adamant tính từ | /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ | kiên quyết |
| antidote danh từ | /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ | chất giải độc |
| obedient tính từ | /əˈbidiənt/ | vâng lời, tuân lời |
| conversely trạng từ | /kənˈvɝsli/ | ngược lại |
| vow danh từ | /vaʊ/ | lời thề, lời nguyền |
| wander động từ | /ˈwɑndɚ/ | lang thang |
| philosopher danh từ | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | nhà triết học, triết gia |
| rigid tính từ | /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/ | cứng ngắc, cứng nhắc |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| write down động từ | viết ra, ghi xuống |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 8 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, don't, shouldn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: thoughtless /ˈθɔtləs/, thrust /θɹʌst/, thereafter /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/, veneration /ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/, conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: obedience /oʊˈbidiəns/, reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/, adamant /ˈæd.ə.mənt/, benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/, decadent /ˈdɛkədənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/, virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, gesture /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/, judgmental /ˌd͡ʒʌd͡ʒˈmɛnt(ə)l/, righteousness /ˈɹaɪt͡ʃəsnəs/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, adamant /ˈæd.ə.mənt/, antidote /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/, baffle /ˈbæf(ə)l/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như ruler, ritual, cultivate.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.