跟读练习: EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius - 通过视频学习英语口语
正在创建课程...
1
We know very little for certain about the life of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.
2
He is said to have been born in 551 BC in China.
3
He may have been a student of the Taoist master Lao Tzu.
4
According to tradition, he began government service and served many roles, including Minister of Crime under Duke Ding in the state of Lu.
5
However, Confucius and the Duke fell out after the Duke received a present from a neighboring ruler, beautiful women and 124 horses.
6
The Duke spent all his time riding horses and being entertained by the women, which Confucius found deeply improper for a ruler.
7
So he left the court and wandered for years.
8
Around between the 3rd and 5th century BC, Confucius's works were collected into the Analects, a collection of sayings written down by his followers.
9
Some of the morals Confucius taught are easily recognizable, most notably his version of the Golden Rule, do not do unto others what you don't want done to yourself.
10
But some of them also sound very strange or old-fashioned to modern ears, especially to Western ones.
11
But we need his advice all the more for this.
12
It serves as an antidote to the troubles we currently face.
13
Here are a few examples of what Confucius helps us to remember.
14
1. Ceremony is important The Analects are filled with strange conversations between Confucius and his disciples, like this one.
15
Tsé-Kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep.
16
Confucius said, Tsé, you love the sheep, I love the ceremony.
17
At first this is baffling, if not also humorous.
18
Why not save the sheep?
19
But Confucius is reminding Tze and us about the importance of ceremony.
20
In the modern world we tend to shun ceremony and see this as a good thing, a sign of intimacy or a lack of pretension.
21
But Confucius believed in the value of ceremonies over sheep because he valued what he called ritual propriety.
22
This might seem a very outdated and conservative idea, but in fact many of us long for particular rituals that meal mum cooked for us whenever we were sick,
23
or the yearly birthday outing, or our wedding vows.
24
We understand that certain premeditated, deliberate and precise gestures stir our emotions deeply.
25
Rituals make our intentions clear and they help us to understand how to behave.
26
Two, we should treat our parents with reverence.
27
In particular, Confucius had a very strict idea about how we should behave towards our parents.
28
He believed that we should obey them when we're young, care for them when they're old, mourn at length when they die and make huge sacrifices in their memory thereafter.
29
He even said that we shouldn't travel far away
30
while our parents are alive and should cover for them if they steal a sheep.
31
This attitude is known as filial piety.
32
This sounds strange now, when many of us leave our parents home as teenagers and rarely return to visit.
33
We may even see them as strangers, arbitrarily thrust upon us by fate.
34
After all, our parents are so out of touch, so pitifully human in their shortcomings, so difficult, so judgmental, and they have such bad taste in music.
35
Yet Confucius recognize that in many ways moral life begins in the family.
36
We cannot truly be caring, wise, grateful and conscientious unless we remember mum's birthday and meet dad for lunch.
37
3. We should be obedient to honourable people Modern society is very egalitarian.
38
We believe that we're all born equal and should ultimately be able to say and do whatever we like.
39
We reject many rigid hierarchical roles.
40
Yet Confucius told his followers Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject, a father a father, and a son a son.
41
This might sound jarring, but it is in fact important to realise that there are people worthy of our deep veneration, even our simple and humble obedience.
42
We need to be modest enough to recognise the people whose experience or accomplishments outweigh our own.
43
We should also practise peaceably doing what these people need, ask or command.
44
Confucius explained, The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and the grass.
45
The grass must bend when the wind blows across it.
46
Bending gracefully is in fact not a sign of weakness but a gesture of humility and respect.
47
Four.
48
Cultivated knowledge can be more important than creativity.
49
Modern culture places a lot of emphasis on creativity, unique insights that come to us suddenly.
50
But Confucius was adamant about the importance of the universal wisdom that comes comes from years of hard work and reflection.
51
He listed benevolence, ritual propriety, righteousness, wisdom, integrity, as the five constant virtues.
52
While Confucius believed that people were inherently good, he also saw that virtues like these must be constantly cultivated, just like plants in a garden.
53
He spoke about moral character and wisdom as the work of a lifetime.
54
We can see now why he had such reverence for his elders.
55
Of course, a burst of inspiration may well be what we need to start our business
56
or redo our rough draft or reinvent our life.
57
But if we're being very honest with ourselves, we'll have to admit that we also need to devote more energy to slowly changing our habits.
58
This, more than anything else, is what prevents us from becoming truly intelligent, accomplished and wise.
59
Confucius died without reforming the decadent Duke and his officials.
60
But after his death, his followers created schools and temples in his honour across East Asia, passing his teachings along for over 2,000 years.
61
Today, millions of people still follow Confucius' teachings as a spiritual or religious discipline, and his thought has been a huge influence on Eastern political ideas about morality,
62
obedience and good leadership.
63
We might find Confucian virtues a bit strange or old-fashioned, but this is what ultimately makes them all the more important.
64
We need them as a corrective to our own excesses.
65
The modern world is almost surprisingly totally un-Confucian, informal, egalitarian and full of innovation.
66
So we're conversely at risk of becoming impulsive, irreverent and thoughtless without a little advice from Confucius about good behaviour and cheap.
67
Thank you.
📺 同频道
C11
How To Simplify Your Life
C2483
The Purpose and Benefit of Emotional Education
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Childish Behavior That Ruins Adult Relationships
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
Why Religious Beliefs Aren't Just Silly
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C110
What Years of Heartbreak Actually Teach Us
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B247
What is The School of Life?
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
Why Heartbroken People Make the Best Lovers
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C148
Don't Despair
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C2386
What's Education For?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Why Some Breakups Hurt So Much More Than Others
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How to Spot the Loveliest People in the World
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Are You Neurotic or Psychotic? How to Tell the Difference
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
Why We Should Refuse to Get Into Arguments
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C111
When Love Isn't Easy
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
Who Dreams of the Greatest Love? (it's not who you expect)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How to Find Out What's Really on Your Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How to Be Strong and Resilient
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
What to think of the Rice Theory of the Japanese Character
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
PHILOSOPHY - Plato
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ 推荐视频
B214
97 句
Ancient Chinese Wisdom to Calm Your Modern Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C142
29 句
Shakespeare: Hamlet
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C15
93 句
Some brains are built for philosophy. Is yours?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
![[ SHAOLIN MASTER ] The Four Noble Truths | Shi Heng Yi 2023](https://img.youtube.com/vi/Q40NFK6MQSU/mqdefault.jpg)
C12
143 句
[ SHAOLIN MASTER ] The Four Noble Truths | Shi Heng Yi 2023
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
301 句
10 Traditional Chinese Health Habits My Mom Taught Me (What Science Says)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1120
21 句
Impulse Control: The No You Never Practice (Epictetus)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
97 句
Jordan Peterson - You Need a Routine!
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C15
4 句
Loneliness and the Illusion of Connection | Thich Nhat Hanh, 2012.12.13
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21,042
16 句
Steve Jobs: Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
6 句
The Book of Proverbs • What It Teaches About Being Good at Life
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
54 句
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Confucius”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：Confucius, sheep, Duke, modern, parents。 这段视频共有 67 个句子、1040 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:23。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 193 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| ruler 名词 | /ˈɹulɚ/ | 尺, 直尺 |
| ritual 名词 | /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ | 儀式 /仪式, 典禮 /典礼 |
| follower 名词 | /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/ | 追隨者 /追随者 |
| cultivate 动词 | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | 耕種 /耕种, 種植 /种植 |
| egalitarian 形容词 | /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ | 平等主義的 /平等主义的, 平均主義的 /平均主义的 |
| obedience 名词 | /oʊˈbidiəns/ | 百依百順 /百依百顺, 服從 /服从 |
| reverence 名词 | /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/ | 崇敬 |
| gesture 名词 | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | 手勢 /手势, 姿勢 /姿势 |
| behave 动词 | /bɪˈheɪv/ | 為人 /为人 |
| creativity 名词 | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | 創造力 /创造力, 創造性 /创造性 |
| adamant 形容词 | /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ | 堅定不移 /坚定不移, 堅決 /坚决 |
| antidote 名词 | /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ | 解藥 /解药, 解毒藥 /解毒药 |
| arbitrarily 副词 | 任意地 | |
| baffle 动词 | /ˈbæf(ə)l/ | 迷惑, 使困惑 |
| benevolence 名词 | /bəˈnɛvələns/ | 仁慈, 仁 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| do away with 动词 | 廢除 /废除, 終止 /终止 |
| fall out 动词 | 掉出來 /掉出来 |
| write down 动词 | 寫下來 /写下来, 寫下 /写下 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 8 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, don't, shouldn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: thoughtless /ˈθɔtləs/, thrust /θɹʌst/, thereafter /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/, veneration /ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/, conscientious /ˌkɑn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/, hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/, reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/, obedience /oʊˈbidiəns/, reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, adamant /ˈæd.ə.mənt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: ruler /ˈɹulɚ/, ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/, gracefully /ˈɡɹeɪsfəli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 ruler, ritual, follower 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。