跟讀練習: The Plastic Problem | practice English with Spotlight - 通過影片學習英語口語
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121 句
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Welcome to Spotlight.
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I'm Gillian Woodward.
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I'm Rob Queering.
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Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.
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It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live.
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In March of 2019, scientists found a dying whale in the Davao Gulf in the Philippines.
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The large sea creature was thin and bleeding.
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When it died, experts opened its stomach.
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They found 36 kilograms or 88 pounds of plastic.
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The animal had eaten so much that it could not eat real food.
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It starved, though its stomach was full.
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Plastic waste is everywhere on Earth.
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It is in the oceans, in the cities, and in some of the most remote areas in the world.
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Experts have found microplastics, pieces of plastic less than five millimeters long on the tallest mountains on Earth.
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Japanese scientists once examined water in the clouds above Mount Fuji.
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Their findings suggest that there is plastic in the air we breathe.
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Microplastics are probably in all of us.
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We eat and drink them, just like the whale that died in Davao Gulf.
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None of us eat plastic bags.
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But the microplastics that we do take in are of growing concern to experts.
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We do not yet know how much,
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or how little, these small pollutants will change our lives.
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But doctors are already coming to understand their negative influence on our health.
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Today's Spotlight discusses the plastic problem.
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Plastic is a new substance on Earth.
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Alexander Parks was a British inventor.
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He created the first man -made plastic in 1862, less than three centuries ago.
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Today, industries use plastic almost everywhere.
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It helped create modern medicine and computer technology.
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Ian Jamie is a manager at Steger Clear Packaging, a company in the United Kingdom.
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He told the British Broadcasting Corporation,
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Plastic is an amazing substance, an amazing invention.
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It is lightweight.
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It is strong.
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You can see through it.
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But plastic's success is also part of the problem.
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The world creates about 450 million tonnes of plastic every year.
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Most people do not recycle their plastic or save it for other uses.
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1 million to 2 million tonnes of plastic enter the ocean every year.
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Much more goes to landfills, large mountains of waste far away from where humans live.
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Most other materials decay over time, but not plastic.
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It just breaks down into smaller parts.
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A plastic bottle will take 450 years to decay.
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A plastic toothbrush may take over 500.
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Even when plastic disappears, it is not fully gone.
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Most plastics just turn into smaller microplastics.
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Experts have found microplastics all over the Earth.
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But they have also found these in our bodies.
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Experts have found microplastics in different organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and the brain.
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Scientists in China even found microplastics inside human bones.
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The amount of microplastics in human bodies is also increasing over time.
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Microplastics in the brain are particularly concerning.
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Experts say that patients who die from brain diseases seem to have more microplastics in their brains than others.
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Experts do not know if microplastics cause diseases of the mind but most are concerned.
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Matthew Campen studies poisons at the University of New Mexico.
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He told Smithsonian Magazine, I have yet to find a single human being who says,
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There is a lot of plastic in my brain.
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I am totally fine with that.
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Plastics are not usually harmful to people outside of the body,
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but experts still do not know what plastic does inside the human body.
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Many plastics are made from dangerous chemicals.
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Some are like chemicals found in motor oil.
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These chemicals may leak from plastics in some environments.
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Many are poisonous to humans.
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A small amount of chemicals may add up, harming people.
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One area where experts can show a health connection to microplastics is heart disease.
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People who have heart disease often have blocked arteries,
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which bring blood to different parts of the body.
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Substances can be built in these arteries over time.
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These cause inflammation, making the arteries shrink even more.
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Microplastics seem to cause both inflammation and blockage in arteries.
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Microplastics may also hurt other areas of the body.
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Over time, layers of these materials may block an organ from working correctly.
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They may cause cancer and other diseases.
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But microplastics may also be dangerous for another reason.
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Faye Caucero is a teacher of environmental science at the University of Portsmouth.
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She told the BBC, Microplastics are not going to immediately cause harm.
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But it is more likely that they are going to damage your cells.
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They will create a problem with your overall wellbeing.
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This makes you more likely to get illnesses.
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The problem with microplastics may seem overwhelming.
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There is already so much plastic in the environment, it is difficult to avoid.
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There are microplastics in even the cleanest places in the world.
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How can you avoid them?
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Sadly, there is no good answer to this question.
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Microplastics have been in our bodies longer than we know.
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Experts think that most of us have enough plastic in our brains to equal the amount in a plastic spoon.
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We do not know what this will do.
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It will be a problem many of us will have to face in the future.
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However, there are ways that you can reduce the number of microplastics in your environment.
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One of the best ways is to use less plastic yourself.
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Eating and drinking from plastic containers means more microplastics in your body.
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Eating less meat may also reduce your exposure to microplastics.
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Animals eat microplastics just like humans do.
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Animals get these from the plants and animals they eat.
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Vegetables, fruits and grains do not contain as many.
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Reducing the amount of plastic you use is another way of reducing microplastics.
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This may not affect you directly,
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but it will reduce the overall level of microplastics in the environment.
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Efforts like recycling and reusing plastic also reduce the need for new plastic.
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Finally, you can talk to your government about the plastic problem.
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These issues affect people everywhere on earth.
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Speaking up may encourage governments to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment.
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Today, microplastics are unavoidable.
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All we can do is reduce our exposure and reduce plastic in the environment.
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While these issues issues may seem impossible to deal with, they are not.
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Together we can make our world a better one for every person. Do you fear microplastics?
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Do you think this kind of fear is helpful?
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How would you deal with the plastic problem?
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You can leave a comment on our website at www .spotlightenglish .com.
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You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and X.
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You can also get Spotlight episodes delivered directly to your Android or Apple device through our free official Spotlight English app.
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The writer of this programme was Dan Christman.
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The producer was Michio Ozaki.
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All quotes were adapted for this episode and voiced by Spotlight.
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No AI or artificial intelligence was used in this episode.
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Spotlight episodes are written, voiced and produced by real people for real people,
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no matter where in the world they live.
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This episode is called The Plastic Problem.
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We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight episode.
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Goodbye!
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 121 個句子、1199 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 14:07。 說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 85 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| artery 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 /動脈 |
| substance 名詞 | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | 物質 /物質 |
| scientist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科學家 |
| harm 名詞 | /hɑːm/ | 損害 /損害 |
| stomach 名詞 | /ˈstʌmək/ | дўзы, 胃 |
| broadcast 名詞 | /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/ | 廣播 /廣播 |
| organ 名詞 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| whale 名詞 | /ˈweɪl/ | 鯨魚 /鯨魚 |
| inflammation 名詞 | /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/ | 炎症, 發炎 /發炎 |
| bone 名詞 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| thin 形容詞 | /ˈθɪn/ | бә, 薄 |
| cloud 名詞 | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | йүн, 雲 /雲 |
| encourage 動詞 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 鼓勵 /鼓勵, 激勵 /激勵 |
| producer 名詞 | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | 製作者 /製作者 |
| helpful 形容詞 | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | 有幫助 /有幫助 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| see through 動詞 | 看透 |
| take over 動詞 | 接管, 接手 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have found · have also found · have blocked |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are made · can be built · were adapted |
| 用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 動詞 — 有可能但不確定的事 | may take · may leak · may add |
| 最高階 the -est / the most … — 一組中最高或最低的 | the most remote · the tallest · the cleanest |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: thin /ˈθɪn/, breathe /bɹiːð/, toothbrush /ˈtuːθ.bɹʌʃ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, toothbrush /ˈtuːθ.bɹʌʃ/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, unavoidable /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 artery, substance, scientist 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。