跟读练习: Brian Cox School Experiments: plastics – industry video - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Plastics can get into the environment from many sources where they can break down and cause pollution.
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But plastic packaging is also a huge issue.
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They can enter the oceans and rivers and damage ecosystems.
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Catherine Conway is the director of Unpackaged, a company focused on a future without the need for single-use plastic packaging.
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They're exploring ways that people can buy products in supermarkets or takeaways in reusable packaging, packaging, which then gets washed and reused again and again.
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Unpackaged has worked for nearly 17 years, trying to move from single use to reusable packaging.
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We are trying to tackle the problem of single use packaging waste, mainly single use plastic packaging waste.
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We work mainly with supermarkets as well as hospitality, so restaurants, events.
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And what we try and do is help them move from single use systems to reuse systems.
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So we work with businesses to create change.
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But another thing that needs to change is actually government policy, so the laws and the regulations around single-use packaging.
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So we work with the government to help them come out with better laws to support the development of reusable packaging.
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Currently, the packaging system is linear, so we extract fossil fuels, oil, we turn it into plastics, we turn it into short-life products, and then it goes to waste management.
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Plastic is a material that will live for hundreds, if not thousands, of years,
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and it makes no sense to use this really valuable resource for a short-lived item such as packaging.
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What we're trying to create is the circular economy.
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The circular economy imagines cycles, so we turn packaging into reusable packaging and use it over and over again.
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Reusable plastic packaging is currently more expensive than single-use plastics, making the transition to a circular economy more difficult.
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So the challenge that we face is that plastic packaging is extremely cheap.
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The reason it's so cheap is because it's actually very resource efficient so it's a great material, we just shouldn't use it for single-use items.
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Another reason that plastic packaging is so cheap is because the problems that it causes, whether that's pollution in the oceans,
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pollution on land, human health impacts, isn't factored into the price that businesses are paying for it.
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We're trying to develop reusable systems and actually that adds more cost into it.
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Another problem we face is that we're all very used to buying products in single use, so it's very easy, we grab something off a shelf, we use it, we throw it away away.
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To move from single use to reusable packaging we need consumers to shop differently.
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So instead of just taking something off a shelf using it
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and throwing it away we may need to bring a container to fill up
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or we might need to take a bottle back to get a deposit back.
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So the challenge that we face is how we almost re-educate customers to do things differently.
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Reusable packaging needs to be washed and cleaned
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so today we're here in a new wash station that's being
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developed to be to be able to clean this new reusable packaging.
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So once these containers have been washed and dried, they're sent back to the manufacturers.
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So for example, a cornflake producer, where they get filled and sent back out to store again.
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What skills and qualifications are needed for a career in sustainable packaging?
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The skills we need in this industry revolve around design thinking and creativity, so we can come up with new solutions to problems.
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We need people who can analyse data and understand that the solutions are the right solutions.
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We also need really good project managers who can get really difficult, complex projects off the ground.
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The area we work in, which is circular economy and reusable packaging, is actually very new. So there's
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so many new solutions coming out every year year actually we
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don't really know what the jobs are of the future
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so young people can keep a real open mind about where they might go.
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I studied languages so it was a complete career shift to go into plastics and packaging.
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Really young people need to learn the basics so maths, English, science but really then they can specialise after school into specific areas
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which might be engineering or design that would really help our sector.
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Young people really care about the environment there's
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so many opportunities in our sector for people to come in
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and use their skills to make the world a better place
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can you envisage your future without single-use plastics we have to envisage a future without single-use plastics
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because we're simply consuming too many resources for the planet to
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be able to cope with the way we're going to get
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there is through innovation in terms of packaging we need a mix of solutions
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so some of the solutions will be taking the packaging off
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and consuming things loose some of it will be reusable packaging where we use uh probably mainly plastics uh
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but in reusable uh circles so they get reused again
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and again and again and then we will still probably have some single-use plastics
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but we have to really sort out our recycling so
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that it's they're managed properly at the end of life
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and what will drive that
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that change will it will it be government regulation will it be consumer pressure will it be the industry itself
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so the change is Consumers don't want this.
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You know, nobody wants to feel bad about the waste
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that they're putting in their bins just because they've bought something from a supermarket.
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But really what we need is supportive government regulation, which will allow industry to all change at the same time.
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If you're talking about system change from single use to reuse, then we need new systems,
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new processes, new infrastructure, and actually industry needs to move together and regulation can help that.
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So what be the change that we would see as consumers
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so i think there'll be two changes i think we'll get
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a lot more used to carrying packaging around with us
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so at the minute people are really happy to carry around water bottles coffee cups
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so there might be a bit more of that
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so you might take your packaging down to a shop to fill something up
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but also you'll get used to returning things
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so whilst you might get a delivery now uh to your door you'll get used to putting it back out but
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if you remember this is how we used to do things
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we used to have a milkman we used to put milk bottles back out
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so it's really just the return that we'll have to get used to
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when would you like to see that happen and
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when do you think it will happen i think i'd like to see it happen yesterday
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but recognizing the fact
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that it takes industry time to be able to develop these new systems we probably need regulation
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that comes in for 2027 2030 and 2040 and
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that will give industry the amount of time
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that it needs to make the changes once you've got those
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systems working at scale it should become cheaper for the consumer
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and more cost effective for the business so everybody wins
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and especially in the modern world material prices are very volatile
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so actually it's it's up to business to try
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and control those costs a bit better
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and reusable packaging is one of the ways to do that well thank you catherine pleasure
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 90 个句子、1276 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:28。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 197 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 86% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：
- package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ (名词) — 包裹, 包. Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
- regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ (名词) — 規則 /规则, 規例 /规例. The act of regulating or the condition of being regulated.
- circular /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/ (形容词) — 圓 /圆. Of or relating to a circle.
- wash /wɑʃ/ (动词) — 洗, 洗滌 /洗涤. To clean with water.
- skill /skɪl/ (名词) — 技巧, 技能. A capacity to do something well; a technique, an ability, usually acquired or learned, as opposed to abilities that are regarded as innate.
- resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ (名词) — 資源 /资源. Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
- pollution /pəˈluʃən/ (名词) — 污染. Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc.
- supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ (名词) — 超級市場 /超级市场, 超市. A large self-service store that sells groceries and, usually, medications, household goods, and/or clothing.
- container /kənˈteɪ.nəɹ/ (名词) — 容器. An item in which objects, materials or data can be stored or transported.
- shelf /ʃɛlf/ (名词) — 架子. A flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects.
- consume /kənˈsum/ (动词) — 耗費 /耗费, 消耗. To use up.
- infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ (名词) — 基礎設施 /基础设施. An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system.
- transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/ (名词) — 過渡 /过渡, 轉變 /转变. The process of change from one form, state, style or place to another.
- producer /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ (名词) — 製作者 /制作者. An individual or organization that creates goods and services.
- efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ (形容词) — 高效率. Making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy.
视频中出现的短语动词
- break down (动词) — 壞了 /坏了, 出故障. To stop functioning.
- come out /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ (动词) — 出, 出來 /出来. To be discovered; to be revealed.
- come up with (动词) — 想出, 提出. To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it.
- fill up (动词) — 裝滿 /装满. To make (something) completely full.
- put in (动词) — 投入, 插入. To place inside.
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 23 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, they're, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, wash /wɑʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, shelf /ʃɛlf/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 package, regulation, circular 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + 动词 — 过去的习惯或状态，现在已不再如此 | used to buying · used to carrying · used to do |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | isn't factored · be washed · have been washed |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has worked · have been washed · they've bought |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | people who can · regulation, which will |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。