跟读练习: Candy Corn In Space - 通过视频学习英语口语
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When astronauts go up in space, they're allowed to bring some special items.
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Some astronauts fly M&Ms, some people fly beef jerky.
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Don Pettit, this guy, chose candy corn.
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He's a NASA astronaut who spent nearly half a year floating around the International Space Station.
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And while he was up in space...
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I elected to spend my off-duty time doing science of my own design.
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this zero gravity candy corn demonstration.
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It's a macroscopic analogy to how a surfactant molecule works.
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And a surfactant molecule just means...
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Soap.
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So in this demo, a candy corn is equivalent to a soap molecule.
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And this water blob represents grease or oil.
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And basically the demo shows how soap cleans grease.
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Soap molecules have a water loving end...
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So they call that hydrophilic...
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And a water water-hating end.
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Hydrophobic.
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And that's important.
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Say you have a blob of oil and you throw it in a washing machine, the hydrophobic part of the molecule sticks into the grease and the oil,
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and the hydrophilic part pokes up into the water.
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In candy corn, the hydrophobic, hydrophilic sides are reversed.
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This part is water-loving, and Pettit coated this side with oil to make it water-hating.
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But the principle is the same.
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The molecules or the candy corn arrange themselves around the glob based on attraction or repulsion to water.
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Of course, that's how your clothes get clean.
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You cover them with these hydrophilic, hydrophobic molecules called soap.
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And once the soap molecules fully cover the grease blob, it becomes water-soluble.
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It's called the critical micelle concentration.
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Or in candy corn.
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The critical candy corn concentration.
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Once it hits this concentration.
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All the dirt and the oil and the grease floats off of your fabric, and it mixes with the water, and then you pour the water off, and you're left with clean clothes.
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Now in candy corn, there's a bonus science lesson.
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After you reach the critical candy corn concentration, And a most amazing thing happens.
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The blob goes from smushy to rigid.
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You can think of it like...
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Of putting the keystone in a Roman arch, where now all of a sudden gravity locks all the stones together, and you have this rigid arch that you could drive traffic across.
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But we're in space, so it's not gravity at work.
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It's surface tension holding the ball together.
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This was one of many experiments Pettit did in space, but it's the only one that used candy corn.
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I used our whole crew's supply of candy corn for this one demonstration, which I profusely apologized to the rest of the crew because they didn't get to eat any.
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For Science Friday, I'm Flora Lichtman.
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you
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 43 个句子、455 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:43。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 168 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 69% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：
- candy /ˈkæn.di/ (名词) — 糖果, 糖. Crystallized sugar formed by boiling down sugar syrup.
- molecule /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ (名词) — 分子. The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by…
- soap /soʊp/ (名词) — йизы, 雪文. A metallic salt derived from a fatty acid, commonly used in cleaning products.
- grease /ɡɹis/ (名词) — 油脂, 脂肪. Animal fat in a melted or soft state.
- concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ (名词) — 專注力 /专注力. The act, process or ability of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated.
- astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ (名词) — 太空人, 宇航員 /宇航员. A member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft that travels beyond Earth's atmosphere, or someone trained to serve that purpose.
- demo /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ (名词) — 示範 /示范. A demonstration or visual explanation.
- demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/ (名词) — 示範 /示范, 演示. The act of demonstrating; showing or explaining something.
- cloth /klɒθ/ (名词) — 布, 布料. A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use. Sometimes…
- arch /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ (名词) — 拱形, 拱. An inverted U shape.
- float /fləʊt/ (动词) — 浮, 漂浮. To be supported by a fluid of greater density (than the object).
- rigid /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/ (形容词) — 硬性, 僵硬. Stiff, rather than flexible.
- lesson /ˈlɛs.ən/ (名词) — 課業 /课业, -課 /-课. A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
- wash /wɑʃ/ (动词) — 洗, 洗滌 /洗涤. To clean with water.
- bonus /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ (名词) — 額外收獲 /额外收获. Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
视频中出现的短语动词
- do in (动词) — 幹掉 /干掉, 弄死. To kill or end; to defeat.
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 didn't, I'm, they're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/, wash /wɑʃ/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, attraction /əˈtɹækʃn̩/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 candy, molecule, soap 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。