跟读练习: Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Your doctor has recommended the removal of your gallbladder.
您的医生建议您切除胆囊。
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But what does that actually mean?
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The gallbladder is a small organ located below the liver.
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Its function is to store bile used by the intestines to digest food.
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Gallstones, small calcified deposits, sometimes form and block the bile ducts, which lead from the gallbladder to the intestines.
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In many cases, the problem becomes so severe that the only effective treatment is to remove the entire gallbladder.
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This is the most common reason for gallbladder surgery.
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Other reasons for removing the gallbladder include chronic or severe infection or the growth of a tumor.
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In the case of gallbladder removal, there are no real alternatives to surgery.
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Leaving gallstones untreated will lead to discomfort at minimum
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and allowing a gallbladder infection or tumor to progress unchecked can put your life at risk.
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Because of these risks
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it's rare these days for a physician to recommend any treatment other than the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
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Surgical procedures performed by making an incision large enough to expose the entire operative area are called open procedures.
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Your doctor believes that your medical condition
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and overall state of health make you a good candidate for a less intrusive laparoscopic surgery.
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A laparoscope is a narrow tube that contains a light source and a small video camera.
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Using a laparoscope, the surgeon is able to operate by making one or more very small incisions
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through which the sterile laparoscope and possibly other instruments are inserted into the body.
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Using the laparoscope's video camera, the surgeon is able to explore and inspect the interior of the abdomen,
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often allowing the surgeon to see with greater detail and with more clarity than with the human eye alone.
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However, it is important to understand that during the procedure,
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your surgical team is always prepared to convert a laparoscopic procedure to an open procedure,
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should they feel that your condition requires a more direct approach.
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If the surgical team makes this decision,
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you will find upon waking up that your doctor has made a larger incision and that healing may proceed more slowly.
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Converting to an open procedure will affect the length of your recovery and will probably require hospitalization.
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Of course, no surgery is completely risk -free, but your physician believes that if you decide decide not to undergo the recommended procedure,
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you may be putting your health at risk.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth, and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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In the operating room, the anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia, most probably general anesthesia.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin around the area where the incisions will be made.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect, a small incision is made above the umbilicus.
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Then a hollow needle will be inserted through the abdominal wall and the abdomen will be inflated with carbon dioxide.
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An umbilical port is created for the laparoscope.
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Three more incisions will be made with care taken to keep the openings as small as possible.
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Once in place the laparoscope will provide video images
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that allow the surgeon to locate and pull back both the liver and gallbladder.
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Next the surgeon removes the connecting tissue in order to expose the cystic duct and cystic artery.
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Using clips the surgical team clamps off both the duct
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and the artery which are later cut to prepare the gallbladder for removal.
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Finally, any remaining tissue connecting the gallbladder to the liver is cut.
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The gallbladder is moved into the laparoscopic working port where it is taken out of the body.
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All of the instruments are withdrawn the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape, the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together,
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and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, sterile dressings are applied.
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Most patients experience at least some pain following surgery, but
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if properly handled it shouldn't present any serious problems pain used
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to be regarded as an unavoidable side effect of surgery
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but today pain can be managed with great effectiveness
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and as the patient
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you have an important role to play before surgery be sure to ask the medical staff about the type
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and duration of pain normally associated with your surgery.
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Find out in advance about your pain management options.
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Work with the staff to develop a pain management plan.
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Discuss your options.
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There are alternatives to drugs that can lessen your need for pain medication.
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Ask your doctor for help in finding a pain management class.
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Many of these workshops teach helpful relaxation techniques,
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positive thinking, and nerve stimulation exercises.
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Following surgery make sure to let your nurse know right away how you're feeling
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and whether or not you are in any pain.
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Be specific and help them to measure your discomfort.
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If you're having trouble expressing yourself try to rank what you're
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feeling on a scale from one to ten never be shy about asking for help
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if you experience pain
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that just won't go away report it to the nurse pain is an important indicator
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that helps you and your medical staff understand your body's healing process gallbladder surgery only rarely leads to complications.
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The first is a persistent residual neuralgia or pain around the scar.
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It can be either localized or general.
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It may develop soon after surgery or even weeks or months later.
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Usually it will decrease in intensity with time but in very rare situations it can become permanent.
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More frequently Additionally, patients report achiness in the shoulders and chest.
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This is caused by the body's reaction to the carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen,
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and it will clear up in a matter of a few days.
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A more serious complication comes from accidentally damaging the bile duct, but these are very rare occurrences.
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Finally, as mentioned earlier, the surgical team may decide to end the laparoscopic procedure and convert to an open surgery.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：gallbladder, surgery, pain, procedure, surgical。 这段视频共有 81 个句子、1029 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 8:48。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 117 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| procedure 名词 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 做法, 方法 |
| surgeon 名词 | /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ | 外科醫生 /外科医生 |
| duct 名词 | /dʌkt/ | 管, 管子 |
| tissue 名词 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 纸巾 |
| dioxide 名词 | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | 二氧化物 |
| abdomen 名词 | /ˈæb.də.mən/ | 腹部, 腹 |
| nurse 名词 | /nɝs/ | 護士 /护士, 看護 /看护 |
| connect 动词 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 連接 /连接 |
| infection 名词 | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | 傳染 /传染 |
| instrument 名词 | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | 仪器, 仪表 |
| physician 名词 | /fəˈzɪʃən/ | 醫生 /医生, 大夫 |
| heal 动词 | /ˈhiːl/ | 醫治 /医治 |
| insert 动词 | /ɪnˈsɝt/ | 插入, 插上 |
| expose 动词 | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | 揭露, 暴露 |
| tumor 名词 | /tuː.məɹ/ | 腫瘤 /肿瘤, 瘤子 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| go away 动词 | 離開 /离开, 走 | |
| wake up 动词 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 醒, 醒來 /醒来 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are called · are inserted · will be asked |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has recommended · has made |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, shouldn't, won't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, nerve /nɝv/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: duct /dʌkt/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/, nurse /nɝs/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, rarely /ˈɹɛəɹli/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 procedure, surgeon, duct 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。